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269 results for “Regional climate”
Data from: Local neighbourhood and regional climatic contexts interact to explain tree performance
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Data for: The start of frozen dates over northern permafrost regions with the changing climate
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Divergent responses of grassland productivity and plant diversity to intra-annual precipitation variability across climate regions: A global synthesis
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Leaf margins in a deciduous lineage from the Greater Cape Floristic Region track climate in unexpected directions
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Taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic beta diversity of upland forest birds in the Amazon: The relative importance of biogeographic regions, climate, and geographic distance
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Data from: Floral diversity enhances winter survival of honey bee colonies across climatic regions
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Data from: Genome-wide analysis reveals associations between climate and regional patterns of adaptive divergence and dispersal in American pikas
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Climate change causes declines and greater extremes in wetland inundation in a region important for wetland birds
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Climate model output from a study of tropical cyclones over the Shanghai region under climate change based on a convection-permitting modelling
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Data from: Climate connectivity of the bobcat in the Great Lakes region
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Data from: Enriched East Asian oxygen isotope of precipitation indicates reduced summer seasonality in regional climate and westerlies
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Disentangling the regional climate impacts of competing vegetation responses to elevated atmospheric CO2
<p>The compressed file contains ModelE simulation outputs for experiments used in "Disentangling the regional climate impacts of competing vegetation responses to elevated atmospheric CO2". Included are simulations outputs specified in Table 1 of the paper:</p> <p>[CO<sub>2</sub>]_only: 2x[CO<sub>2</sub>]; natural vegetation with default LAI and conductance effects “off”</p> <p>[CO<sub>2</sub>]+Con: 2x[CO<sub>2</sub>]; natural vegetation with default LAI and conductance effects “on”</p> <p>[CO<sub>2</sub>]+LAI: 2x[CO<sub>2</sub>]; natural vegetation with enhanced LAI and conductance effects “off”</p> <p>[CO<sub>2</sub>]+LAI+Con: 2x[CO<sub>2</sub>]; natural vegetation with enhanced LAI and conductance effects “on”</p>
Regional Atmospheric Climate Model 2 (RACMO2), version 2.3p2
<p>In the 1990s the KNMI developed in cooperation with the Danish Meteorological Institute the research model RACMO based on the High Resolution Limited Area Model (HIRLAM) numerical weather prediction model. In 1993 UU/IMAU started to modify the model such that it better represented the extreme conditions over glacier surfaces. This first version of RACMO, RACMO1, combined the dynamical core of the HIRLAM model with ECHAM4 physics. The polar modified version of RACMO1 was mainly applied to the Antarctic Ice Sheet.</p> <p>The second version, RACMO2, combines the dynamical core of the HIRLAM model with the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Integrated Forecast System (ISF) physics. RACMO versions 2.0 and 2.1 included HIRLAM version 5.0.6 and ISF cycle CY23r4, while version 2.3 includes HIRLAM version 6.3.7 and cycle CY33r1. Due to the rapid increase in computer capacity over the years, these versions of RACMO have not only been applied to the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets, but also at higher resolution to smaller areas such as Dronning Maud Land and Patagonia.</p> <p>For the RACMO model in general the grids are defined over the equator and then rotated to the area of interest. Grid distance is defined in fraction of degrees, which results in near equidistant grid points as long as the domain is small enough. Note that the domain is thus not on a (polar) stereographic projection plane. In the vertical, the model adopts a system of hybrid sigma levels, which evolve from terrain-following sigma levels close to the surface to pure pressure levels at higher elevation. The actual number of horizontal grid points varies per model run; in most simulations, 40 vertical layers were used.</p> <p>Since RACMO is a regional model, it needs external information at the lateral boundaries and sea surface. At the lateral boundary zone of the model, the temperature, specific humidity, zonal and meridional wind components, and the surface pressure are relaxed towards the fields of a global model every 6 model hours, as are the sea surface temperature and sea ice concentration. RACMO is not forced at the model top. The interior of the model is not nudged towards observations and allowed to evolve freely.</p>
Data from: Monitoring and predictive mapping of floristic biodiversity along a climatic gradient in ENSO's terrestrial core region, NW Peru
<p>This is the data from the publication "Monitoring and predictive mapping of floristic biodiversity along a climatic gradient in ENSO's terrestrial core region, NW Peru" (<a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ecog.05091/abstract">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ecog.05091/abstract</a>).</p> <p>The code (including figures, appendices and the manuscript) can be found directly in the <a href="https://github.com/jannes-m/2020-enso-tdf">GitHub repository</a>.</p> <p><strong>Data sources and description</strong></p> <p>Column descriptions for all tables can be found in <em>variable_description.ods. </em>Following tables are stored in <em>tables.gpkg</em>:</p> <ol> <li>plot_species_matrix_2011: Plot species matrix recorded in 2011</li> <li>plot_species_matrix_2012: Plot species matrix recorded in 2012.</li> <li>plot_species_matrix_2016: Plot species matrix recorded in 2016.</li> <li>plot_species_matrix_2017: Plot species matrix recorded in 2017.</li> <li>lifeform: Lifeforms of the recorded species</li> <li>plot_variables: Variables specific to the plots such as height of the first tree layer, cover of dead wood, etc.</li> <li>soil: Edaphic variables.</li> <li>topography: Topographic variables.</li> <li>streets: Streets and dirt tracks in the study area.</li> <li>towns: Polygons displaying the outline of the cities Paita, Piura and Chulucanas.</li> <li>rivers: Lines displaying the major rivers in the study area.</li> <li>study_area: Outline of the study area.</li> <li>peru: Outline of Peru.</li> <li>neighbors: Outline of Peru's neighbors (Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador).</li> <li>coast: Coastal strip of and close to the study area.</li> <li>precipitation: Precipitation measured at the three climatic stations (Paita, Piura, Chulucanas).</li> <li>experiment_count: species counted per visit (irrigation-fertilization experiment).</li> <li>experiment_irrigation: Rain input by time during the irrigation-fertilization experiment.</li> <li>experiment_cover: Cover of each plant species per visit and per experimental plot (irrigation-fertilization experiment).</li> </ol>
Data from : Environmental predictability drives adaptive within- and transgenerational plasticity of heat tolerance across life stages and climatic regions
<p>Although environmental variability and predictability have been proposed as the underlying ecological context in which transgenerational plasticity (<i>TGP</i>) arises, the adaptive significance and interaction with within-generation plasticity (<i>WGP</i>) in such scenarios is still poorly understood. In order to investigate these questions, we considered the tolerance to upper thermal limits of larvae and adults of the desert endemic <i>Drosophila mojavensis </i>adapted to different climatic regions (Desert vs Mediterranean climate). Thermal plasticity was investigated by acclimating parents and offspring at 36°C (versus at 25°C). We then used historical temperature variation data from both regions to perform individual-based simulations by modeling expected components of adaptive plasticity in multiple life stages. Thermal response to ramping heat shocks was more pronounced in larvae, where acclimation treatments in parents and offspring increased their heat-shock performance, while heat knockdown in adults was only increased by offspring acclimation of adults. The relative contribution of <i>WGP</i> and <i>TGP</i> was greater for the population from the more thermally variable Sonoran Desert. Similarly, individual-based simulations of evolving maternal effects indicated that variation in tolerance to upper thermal limits across life stages and climates is expected from its adaptive significance in response to environmental predictability. Our approach offers a new perspective and interpretation of adaptive plasticity, demonstrating that environmental predictability can drive thermal responses across generations and life stages in a scenario with regional climate variability.</p>
Data from: Soil fertility shapes belowground food webs across a regional climate gradient
Changes in soil fertility during pedogenesis affect the quantity and quality of resources entering the belowground subsystem. Climate governs pedogenesis, yet how climate modulates responses of soil food webs to soil ageing remains unexplored because of the paucity of appropriate model systems. We characterised soil food webs along each of four retrogressive soil chronosequences situated across a strong regional climate gradient to show that belowground communities are predominantly shaped by changes in fertility rather than climate. Basal consumers showed hump-shaped responses to soil ageing, which were propagated to higher-order consumers. There was a shift in dominance from bacterial to fungal energy channels with increasing soil age, while the root energy channel was most important in intermediate-aged soils. Our study highlights the overarching importance of soil fertility in regulating soil food webs, and indicates that belowground food webs will respond more strongly to shifts in soil resources than climate change.
Data from: Standing genomic variation within coding and regulatory regions contributes to the adaptive capacity to climate in a foundation tree species
Global climate is rapidly changing and the ability for tree species to adapt is dependent on standing genomic variation; however the distribution and abundance of functional and adaptive variants are poorly understood in natural systems. We test key hypotheses regarding the genetics of adaptive variation in a foundation tree: genomic variation is associated with climate and genomic variation is more likely to be associated with temperature than precipitation or aridity. To test these hypotheses, we used 9,593 independent, genomic single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 270 individuals sampled from Corymbia calophylla's entire distribution in southwestern Western Australia, spanning orthogonal temperature and precipitation gradients. Environmental association analyses returned 537 unique SNPs putatively adaptive to climate. We identified SNPs associated with climatic variation (i.e. temperature (458), precipitation (75) and aridity (78)) across the landscape. Of these, 78 SNPs were non-synonymous (NS), while 26 SNPs were found within gene regulatory regions. The NS and regulatory candidate SNPs associated with temperature explained more deviance (27.35%) then precipitation (5.93%) and aridity (4.77%), suggesting that temperature provides stronger adaptive signals than precipitation. Genes associated with adaptive variants include functions important in stress responses to temperature and precipitation. Patterns of allelic turnover of NS and regulatory SNPs show small patterns of change through climate space with the exception of an aldehyde dehydrogenase gene variant with 80% allelic-turnover with temperature. Together, these findings provide evidence for the presence of adaptive variation to climate in a foundation species and provide critical information to guide adaptive management practices.
Local diversity, beta diversity and climate influence the regional stability of bird biomass across North America
<p>Biodiversity often stabilizes aggregate ecosystem properties (e.g., biomass) at small spatial scales. However, the importance of species diversity within communities and variation in species composition among communities (β-diversity) for stability at larger scales remains unclear. Using a continental-scale analysis of 1,657 North American breeding-bird communities spanning 20-years and 35 ecoregions, we show local species diversity and β-diversity influence two components of regional stability: local stability (stability of bird biomass within sites) and spatial asynchrony (asynchronous fluctuations in biomass among sites). We found spatial asynchrony explained three times more variation in regional stability of bird biomass than did local stability. This result contrasts with studies at smaller spatial scales – typically plant metacommunities under 1 hectare – that find local stability to be more important than spatial asynchrony. Moreover, spatial asynchrony of bird biomass increased with bird β-diversity and climate heterogeneity (temperature and precipitation), while local stability increased with species diversity. Our study reveals new insights into the scale-dependent processes regulating ecosystem stability, providing evidence that both local biodiversity loss and homogenization can destabilize ecosystem processes at biogeographic scales.</p>
Data from: What is a mild winter? Regional differences in within-species responses to climate change
Climate change is known to affect ecosystems globally, but our knowledge of its impact on large and widespread mammals, and possibly population-specific responses is still sparse. We investigated large-scale and long-term effects of climate change on local population dynamics using the wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) as a model species. Our results show that population increases across Europe are strongly associated with increasingly mild winters, yet with region-specific threshold temperatures for the onset of exponential growth. Additionally, we found that abundant availability of critical food resources, e.g. beech nuts, can outweigh the negative effects of cold winters on population growth of wild boar. Availability of beech nuts is highly variable and highest in years of beech mast which increased in frequency since 1980, according to our data. We conclude that climate change drives population growth of wild boar directly by relaxing the negative effect of cold winters on survival and reproduction, and indirectly by increasing food availability. However, region-specific responses need to be considered in order to fully understand a species' demographic response to climate change.
Data from: Multilocus phylogeography of a widespread savanna-woodland adapted rodent reveals the influence of Pleistocene geomorphology and climate change in Africa's Zambezi region
Understanding historical influences of climate and physiographic barriers in shaping patterns of biodiversity remains limited for many regions of the world. For mammals of continental Africa, phylogeographic studies, particularly for West African lineages, implicate both geographic barriers and climate oscillations in shaping small mammal diversity. In contrast, studies for southern African species have revealed conflicting phylogenetic patterns for how mammalian lineages respond to both climate change and geologic events such as river formation, especially during the Pleistocene. However, these studies were often biased by limited geographic sampling or exclusively focused on large-bodied taxa. We exploited the broad southern African distribution of a savanna–woodland-adapted African rodent, Gerbilliscus leucogaster (bushveld gerbil) and generated mitochondrial, autosomal and sex chromosome data to quantify regional signatures of climatic and vicariant biogeographic phenomena. Results indicate the most recent common ancestor for all G. leucogaster lineages occurred during the early Pleistocene. We documented six divergent mitochondrial lineages that diverged ~0.270–0.100 mya, each of which was geographically isolated during periods characterized by alterations to the course of the Zambezi River and its tributaries as well as regional 'megadroughts'. Results demonstrate the presence of a widespread lineage exhibiting demographic expansion ~0.065–0.035 mya, a time that coincides with savanna–woodland expansion across southern Africa. A multilocus autosomal perspective revealed the influence of the Kafue River as a current barrier to gene flow and regions of secondary contact among divergent mitochondrial lineages. Our results demonstrate the importance of both climatic fluctuations and physiographic vicariance in shaping the distribution of southern African biodiversity.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.