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Data and code from "No evidence of sex ratio manipulation by black-throated blue warblers in response to food availability" Kaiser et al. 2023 Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology

This dataset is published in support of "No evidence of sex ratio manipulation by black-throated blue warblers in response to food availability" by Kaiser et al. 2023 in Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. Data and code to test the assumptions and key predictions of the Trivers-Willard hypothesis, which proposes that females produce more sons or daughters depending on food availability, in the black-throated blue warbler at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH, 2007-2012. Datasets support analyses of sex ratio bias at both the nest and nestling levels. Data tables support the comparison of the ratio of variances in the scaled pre-fledging mass of male and female nestlings using an F test and reproduction of Figures 2a and 2b. Figures are those used in the published manuscript. Code supports the calculation of offspring sex ratio bias at the population level, and considering separately both low- and high-quality habitats, using the Neuhäuser test, statistical models testing the assumptions of the Trivers-Willard hypothesis, effects of food availability and parental provisioning on offspring sex ratio, and effects of food availability on pre-fledging nestling mass of sons and daughters, and a power analysis to determine the power to detect an effect of food supplementation on sex ratio. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the US Forest Service, Northern Research Station.

openCC (other)Sep 2022View details →

Dryland soil mycobiome response to long-term precipitation variability at the Jornada Basin LTER site, 2013-2019

This dataset contains data and code for the paper "Dryland soil mycobiome response to long-term precipitation variability depends on host type" published in Journal of Ecology in 2022. Data were collected at the Jornada Basin LTER site in southern New Mexico, USA. Soil samples were sent to the University of Georgia, for DNA extraction and sequencing, performed at the Georgia Genomics and Bioinformatics Core in Athens, GA. Sequencing data are archived at NCBI under project identifier PRJNA884111.

PBG05 Response of bird abundance to the Patch-Burn Grazing experiment at Konza Prairie

‘PBG’ datasets are associated with a long-term, large-scale study that is addressing the effects of fire-grazing interactions in the context of a Patch-Burn Grazing management system designed to promote grassland heterogeneity. Effects of patch-burn grazing management on plant and animal diversity and the nature and variety of wildlife habitat are being assessed in two replicate management units, each consisting of three pastures (watersheds) designated C03A/C03B/C03C and C3SA/C3SB/C3SC. In each patch-burn grazing unit, one watershed is burned and two that are left unburned in a given year. The burning treatments are rotated annually so that each pasture is burned every third year. Each patch-burn grazing unit is paired with an annually-burned pasture for comparison with traditional grazing systems (C01A and C1SB). All grazing units are stocked with cow/calf pairs from approximately 1 May until 1 Oct at a stocking density equal to 3.2 ha per cow/calf. To examine the impact of patch burning and grazing in all 8 units, we monitor changes in plant species composition, residual biomass, grassland bird populations, insect populations, small mammal populations, soil nutrients, and stream water quality1 (1C3SA/C3SB/C3SC unit only). The KSU Department of Animal Science monitors cattle performance, including weight gain and body condition to assess the economic feasibility of using patch-burn management on a widespread basis. This data set focuses on variation in avian abundance, diversity, and nesting activity between patch-burned and uniformly-burned pastures at Konza Prairie Biological Station. Three watershed units (C3A, C3B, C3C) constitute 'patches' that are alternately burned in a 3-year rotation within a single, fenced pasture (i.e., patch-burn grazing). Two additional watersheds serve as controls: a grazed, annually/uniformly-burned watershed (C1A) and an ungrazed, annually/uniformly-burned watershed (1D). Eight, 300-m line transects were established in each watersh

SMR01 Konza Prairie grassland soil microbial responses to long-term management of N availability

Anthropogenic actions have significantly increased biological nitrogen (N) availability on a global scale. In tallgrass prairies, this phenomenon is exacerbated by land management changes, such as fire suppression. Historically, tallgrass prairie fire removed N through volatilization, but fire suppression has contributed to increased soil N availability as well as woody encroachment. Because soil microbes respond to N availability and plant growth, these changes may alter microbial composition and important microbially-mediated functions. Grassland management affects the soil environment on multiple time scales including short (fertilization or fire event), seasonal (growing vs. non-growing season), and long-term (decadal plant turnover and nutrient accumulation), therefore my goal was to understand community variability at different time scales affecting the population and community dynamics of soil microbes. I predicted soil microbes would be sensitive to environmental changes at all time scales, seasonal variation would reflect increased plant rhizodeposit-supported populations during summer and decomposers during winter, and long-term fire suppression and chronic fertilization would drive soil microbial community turnover associated with accumulation of plant litter and N. Soil microbial responses to short-term fire/fertilization events were minimal, while microbial population sizes fluctuate seasonally and synchronously, and microbial community composition varied more with management history than at shorter time scales. Bacterial populations increased 10x during growing-season plant rhizodeposition, while fungal populations were less dynamic, but decreased in fall, possibly reflecting a shift to subsistence on soil organic matter. In contrast, microbial community composition was seasonally stable, but distinct between long-term management treatments, which may indicate accumulation of niche-defining plant or soil properties over decades. Prokaryotic communities

SLP01 Leaf physiology in response to fire and climate within Cornus drummondii shrubs at Konza prairie

Woody encroachment threatens the loss of remaining grasslands. Clonal shrubs are of particular concern because of their ability to resprout after disturbance, spread vegetatively, and share resources among interconnected stems. These traits contribute to the encroachment of deep-rooted clonal shrubs in tallgrass prairie. In this study, we investigated how leaf physiological traits differ among interconnected stems within a dominant encroaching shrub in tallgrass prairie, Cornus drummondii. Accounting for intra-clonal differences among stems in response to disturbance may be useful to more accurately parameterize models that predict the effects of shrub encroachment on ecosystem processes. Gas exchange rates, water potential, carbon isotopes, and leaf traits were collected from the periphery to the center of discrete C. drummondii shrubs. Measurements took place in the summers of 2015 and 2018

SDR01 Intra-clonal stem demography of Cornus drummondii in response to fire and browsing at Konza Prairie

Intra-clonal stem density, natality, mortality, flowering and relative growth rate within discrete Cornus drummondii shrubs in response to fire frequency (4- vs 20-yr burn intervals) and simulated browsing. Tagged stems within individual shrubs were tracked and measured at the beginning and end of each growing season in 2018 and 2019 to assess the interactions of fire and browsing on stem demography.

openCC0Feb 2023View details →

WAT02 Climate legacies determine grassland responses to future rainfall regimes

Climate variability and periodic droughts have complex effects on carbon (C) fluxes, with uncertain implications for ecosystem C balance under a changing climate. Responses to climate change can be modulated by persistent effects of climate history on plant communities, soil microbial activity, and nutrient cycling (i.e., legacies). To assess how legacies of past precipitation regimes influence tallgrass prairie C cycling under new precipitation regimes, we modified a long-term irrigation experiment that simulated a wetter climate for >25 years. We reversed irrigated and control (ambient precipitation) treatments in some plots and imposed an experimental drought in plots with a history of irrigation or ambient precipitation to assess how climate legacies affect aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP), soil respiration, and selected soil C pools. Legacy effects of elevated precipitation (irrigation) included higher C fluxes and altered labile soil C pools, and in some cases altered sensitivity to new climate treatments. Indeed, decades of irrigation reduced the sensitivity of both ANPP and soil respiration to drought compared with controls. Positive legacy effects of irrigation on ANPP persisted for at least 3 years following treatment reversal, were apparent in both wet and dry years, and were associated with altered plant functional composition. In contrast, legacy effects on soil respiration were comparatively short-lived and did not manifest under natural or experimentally-imposed “wet years,” suggesting that legacy effects on CO2 efflux are contingent on current conditions. Although total soil C remained similar across treatments, long-term irrigation increased labile soil C and the sensitivity of microbial biomass C to drought. Importantly, the magnitude of legacy effects for all response variables varied with topography, suggesting that landscape can modulate the strength and direction of climate legacies. Our results demonstrate the role of climate his

openCC0Aug 2023View details →

WAT05 Soil organic matter response to thirty years of increased precipitation at Konza Prairie

This dataset contains carbon and nitrogen concentrations and stocks in total soil organic matter and its fractions from the Konza Prairie Irrigation Transect Experiment. The dataset also includes pyrogenic organic matter C and N, as well as microbial amino sugars and root quality measurements. Data are availble for irrigated and control plots. Total pyrogenic and unburned soil organic matter C and N are availble for both the upland and lowland positions at 0-5, 5-15, and 15-30cm depth increments. Fraction and root data are avaible at both landscape positions, but for only the 0-5cm and 5-15cm depths and 0-5 and 5-30cm depths, respectively. Amino sugar data are only available for the lowland plots for the 0-5 and 5-15cm depths.

CMY01 Mycorrhizal colonization and plant community responses to long-term suppression of Mycorrhizal Fungi

Twenty replicate permanent 2x2 m plots were established in early 1991 along a randomly located transect, with a 2m space between each plot, on the following watersheds: 1B, 1D, annually burned HQB, 10B, 20D and infrequently burned HQB. Ten of the plots were randomly assigned as long-term mycorrhizal suppression plots. In each of these plots, AM fungi were suppressed by the application of the fungicide benomyl as a soil drench (7.5 liters per plot) at the rate of 1.25 g/m2 (active ingredient). The mycorrhizal suppression plots were treated biweekly throughout each growing season (April through October) beginning in 1991. The control plots each received no fungicide, but an equivalent volume of water (7.5 liters) was applied biweekly. To evaluate the effectiveness of the fungicide, three soil cores (2.5 cm diameter x 14 cm deep) were removed from both fungicide-treated and control plots each October throughout the study. Roots were extracted from the soil, washed free of soil, stained in trypan blue (Phillips and Hayman, 1970), and examined microscopically to assess percentage root colonization by mycorrhizal fungi using a Petri dish scored in 1-cm squares (Daniels et al.1981).

NBC01 Konza Prairie Belowground Plot Experiment: Soil chemistry responses to experimental manipulations of fire, nutrients and mowing

To address the potential interactive effects of fire, aboveground biomass removal, and nutrient amendments on above- and belowground responses, a long-term field experiment was initiated in 1986 as part of the Konza Prairie Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program. The general goals of this experiment are: 1) to document both short- and long-term responses of plants and soils to fire, aboveground biomass removal (a surrogate for grazing in these small plots), and nutrient amendments (additions of N and/or P); and 2) to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying tallgrass prairie responses to fire, aboveground biomass removal and nutrient enrichment. Effects of burning, mowing, and N + P additions on soil chemistry are measured on the 64 belowground plots at irregular intervals. Variables measured include P, NO3, NH4, Mn, Cu, K, Zn, Ca, Fe, Mg, Na, ph, Organic matter and Organic-N.

Shrimp populations variability in numbers and sizes in response to disturbance and seasons on 20 pools along the reach of Quebrada Prieta, Luquillo Experimental Forest

Shrimp populations were monitored at approximately 3 week intervals to determine the variability in numbers and sizes of each species in response to disturbance and seasons. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.

Ferns surveys of individuals of terrestrial ferns in Canopy Trimming Experiment (CTE) plots document changes in species richness and abundance over time in response to canopy opening and/or debris deposition

Whole plot surveys of Canopy Triming Experiment (CTE) plots were done to detect changes in the number of terrestrial fern species and individuals in response to canopy opening and debris deposition.Â Surveys were conducted annually prior to and after treatments.Â A count of all terrestrial ferns, identified to species on the CTE plots was recorded for each subplot in January during CTE1 (2002-2010) and in the fall during CTE2 (2014-present).Â The surveys document losses of individuals of shade tolerant fern species and the appearance of open canopy ferns such as the tree fern Cyathea arborea. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.

Neritina snails responses to channel realignment

This data set includes N. virginea densities and sizes relative to streambed substrate type, water depth, and near-bed water velocity in three sites in a low land segment in RÃo Mameyes near PR Route 3 bridge: 1) 50 m upstream from bridge, 2) immediately downstream from bridge, and 3) 200 m downstream from bridge (upper Westin Riomar Golfcourse). In addition, above variables are reported for pools and riffles located at PRASA Intake (RÃo Mameyes) and at La Curvita (RÃo EspÃritu Santo). Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.

Canopy Trimming Experiment (CTE) Canopy invertebrate responses to disturbance

Seven tree species were selected to represent early (Cecropia, Prestoea) and late (Dacryodes, Manilkara, Sloanea) successional, and overstory (Cecropia, Dacryodes, Manilkara, Sloanea) and understory (Prestoea, Miconia, Psychotria), species in forests at El Verde. These trees were sampled in all CTE plots. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.

openCC (other)Jul 2023View details →

Silver film response to sulfate reduction activity in alpine and subalpine wetlands, 2022.

Alpine ecosystems serve as crucial water resources for many areas of the world, and biogeochemical cycling in these regions can influence the chemistry of water flowing into downslope watersheds. Alpine and subalpine wetlands are understudied systems of particular interest since lowland wetlands are known to have high rates of biogeochemical activity that can disproportionally affect carbon (C) and nutrient uptake, sequestration, and transformations within the landscape. Wetland processes play a central role in sulfur (S) transformations and have conditions that can support sulfate reduction. Sulfate reduction determines the sequestration of S in wetlands and interacts closely with a multitude of other element cycles, including iron, carbon, nitrogen, and mercury. Previous work in Niwot alpine and subalpine wetlands noted large variability in sulfate reduction rates within wetland soils. Samples taken less than a meter away from each other sometimes showed almost 70x higher or lower rates (Rea, unpublished work). This work sought to adapt a silver film method to quantify sulfate reduction rates over small-scale spatial areas. The method proved valuable as a quick indicator of sulfate reduction activity and was able to visualize soil heterogeneity. However, the silver films were not sensitive enough to quantify sulfate reduction rates in situ.

openThis dataset is made available under the Public Domain Dedication and License v1.0, whose full text can be found at http://www.opendatacommons.org/licenses/pddl/1.0/. We hope that all users will follow the ODC Attribution/Share-Alike Community Norms (http://www.opendatacommons.org/norms/odc-by-sa/); in particular, while not legally required, we hope that all users of the data will cite at least one of the associated publications associated with these data and acknowledge the OpenfMRI project and National Institute on Aging(RO1AG025340; PI: M.Mather), JSPS KAKENHI (16H03750, 15K21062: PI: T.Ueno), JSPS KAKENHI (16H05959, 16KT0002, 16H02053; PI:M.Sakaki) and European Commission (CIG618600; PI:M.Sakaki) in any publication.Jan 2019View details →

Examining effects of arousal on responses to salient and non-salient stimuli in younger and older adults

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openCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)Jan 2019View details →

Visual working memory: Study one Task fMRI and Behavioural response

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openCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)Jan 2019View details →

Visual working memory: Study two Task fMRI and Behavioural response

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