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Fig. 3 in The brachiopod succession through the Silurian-Devonian boundary beds at Dnistrove, Podolia, Ukraine

Fig. 3. Distribution of brachiopod species and their frequency in the section at Dnistrove village. Secular pattern of δ13C (black curve) and δ18O (grey curve) values after Małkowski and Racki (2009) and Racki et al (2012). Lithology after Nikiforova et al. (1972: fig. 82).

Fig. 2 in The brachiopod succession through the Silurian-Devonian boundary beds at Dnistrove, Podolia, Ukraine

Fig. 2. Field photo of the section at Dnistrove village. The trenched interval reveals the clayey− calcareous Silurian–Devonian boundary beds. Numbers refer to the beds from which brachiopod material was collected (see also Fig. 3).

Fig. 10 in The brachiopod succession through the Silurian-Devonian boundary beds at Dnistrove, Podolia, Ukraine

Fig. 10. Scatter diagrams of shell width (A) and shell thickness (B) to shell length ratios in Sphaerirhynchia gibbosa (Nikiforova, 1954). Dnistrove, beds 47–48.

Fig. 1 in The brachiopod succession through the Silurian-Devonian boundary beds at Dnistrove, Podolia, Ukraine

Fig. 1. General map of Eastern Europe and more detailed map of Podolia showing the valleys of the Dniester River and its tributaries. The reference section at Dnistrove (Volkovtsy) is marked by an asterisk. In the upper left corner a stratigraphic scheme of the Late Silurian to Early Devonian succession of Podolia shows the correlation of old and new terminology.

Fig. 6 in The brachiopod succession through the Silurian-Devonian boundary beds at Dnistrove, Podolia, Ukraine

Fig. 6. Protorthide Skenidioides tatyanae sp. nov. the Silurian–Devonian boundary beds at Dnistrove (A–L, O) and Khudykivtsi (M, N), (Podolia, Ukraine). A. Holotype ZPAL Bp. 56/118 in dorsal (A1), ventral (A2), lateral (A3), posterior (A4), and anterior (A5) views. B, C, F. Three ventral valves, ZPAL Bp. 56/119 (B), ZPAL Bp. 56/120 (C), and ZPAL Bp. 56/123 (F), in exterior view. D. Ventral valve ZPAL Bp. 56/121 in exterior (D1) and oblique posterior (D2) views. E. Slightly damaged shell ZPAL Bp. 56/122 in dorsal view. G. Ventral valve ZPAL Bp. 56/124 in exterior (G1) and posterior views (G2). H. Ventral valve ZPAL Bp. 56/125 in exterior (H1), lateral (H2), and posterior (H3) views. I. Ventral valve ZPAL Bp. 56/126 in anterior (I1) and interior (I2) views. J, K. Two dorsal valves, ZPAL Bp. 56/2 (J) and ZPAL Bp. 56/1 (K) in exterior view. L. Small dorsal valve ZPAL Bp. 56/127 in exterior view. M. Dorsal valve ZPAL Bp. 56/129 in interior (M1) and oblique interior (M2) views and enlargement of cardinalia (M3). N. Incomplete ventral valve ZPAL Bp. 56/130 in internal (N1) and anterior (N2) views. O. Dorsal valve ZPAL Bp. 56/128 in interior (O1) and oblique interior (O2) views. Dnistrove, beds 7 (J, K) and 47–48 (A–I, L, O); Khudykivtsi (M, N). Scale bars 1 mm.

Fig. 19 in The brachiopod succession through the Silurian-Devonian boundary beds at Dnistrove, Podolia, Ukraine

Fig. 19. Athyridide brachiopods from the Silurian–Devonian boundary beds at Dnistrove (Podolia, Ukraine). A–C. Dayia bohemica Bouček, 1941; three shells, ZPAL Bp. 56/200 (A), ZPAL Bp. 56/201 (B), and ZPAL Bp. 56/202 (C), in dorsal (A1, B1, C1), ventral (A2, B2, C2), lateral (A3, B3, C3), posterior (A4, B4, C4), and anterior (A5, B5, C5) views. D–F, J. Dnestrina gutta Nikiforova and Modzalevskaya, 1968. D, E. Two shells, ZPAL Bp. 56/208 (D) and ZPAL Bp. 56/209 (E), in dorsal (D1, E1), ventral (D2, E2), lateral (D3, E3), posterior (D4, E4), and anterior (D5, E5) views. F. Interior view of slightly damaged ventral valve, ZPAL Bp. 56/210. J. Shell ZPAL Bp. 56/207b in dorsal exterior view. G, H. Pseudoprotathyris infantilis (Kozłowski, 1929); two shells, ZPAL Bp. 56/176 (G) and ZPAL Bp. 56/177 (H), in dorsal (G1, H1), ventral (G2, H2), lateral (G3, H3), posterior (G4, H4), and anterior (G5, H5) views. I. Camarium sp.; shell ZPAL Bp. 56/29 in dorsal (I1), ventral (I2), lateral (I3), posterior (I4), and anterior (I5) views. Beds −24 (A–C), −21 (D–F, J), −4 (G, H), and 47–48 (I). Scale bars 2 mm.

Fig. 9 in The brachiopod succession through the Silurian-Devonian boundary beds at Dnistrove, Podolia, Ukraine

Fig. 9. Scatter diagram of shell width, thickness, and length of tongue to shell length ratios in Clorinda pseudolinguifera Kozłowski, 1929. Dnistrove, beds 47–48.

Fig. 5 in The brachiopod succession through the Silurian-Devonian boundary beds at Dnistrove, Podolia, Ukraine

Fig. 5. Strophomenide Plectodonta (Plectodonta) mariae pantherae subsp. nov. (A–J, M–O) and chonetoid Chlupacina sp. (K, L) from the Silurian–Devonian boundary beds at Dnistrove (Podolia, Ukraine). A. Holotype ZPAL Bp. 56/99 in dorsal (A1), ventral (A2), lateral (A3), posterior (A4), and anterior (A5) views, and ventral view of an uncoated shell (A6) to show colour pattern. B. Complete shell ZPAL Bp. 56/108 in dorsal (B1), ventral (B2), lateral (B3), posterior (B4), and anterior (B5) views. C, F, G, I. Four specimens, ZPAL Bp. 56/102 (C), ZPAL Bp. 56/93 (F), ZPAL Bp. 56/103 (G), and ZPAL Bp. 56/104 (I), in ventral exterior view. D. Ventral valve ZPAL Bp. 56/94 in exterior (D1; same as Baliński 2010: fig. 1C2), lateral (D2), and posterior (D3) views. E. Slightly incomplete ventral valve ZPAL Bp. 56/106 in interior view. H, J, N. Three dorsal valves, ZPAL Bp. 56/107 (H), ZPAL Bp. 56/98 (J), and ZPAL Bp. 56/95 (N), in exterior view (N, same as Baliński 2010: fig. 1D2). M. Interior of dorsal valve ZPAL Bp. 56/105 in general (M1) and oblique lateral (M2) views. O. Ventral valve ZPAL Bp. 56/91 in external view showing well preserved ornamentation; two other small shells in dorsal view visible near upper left and lower right corner of the photograph. P. Large ventral valve ZPAL Bp. 56/101 in exterior view. K, L. Chlupacina sp. K. Shell ZPAL Bp. 56/151 in ventral exterior view. L. Slightly damaged shell ZPAL Bp. 56/152 in ventral view. Beds 47–48.

Fig. 18 in The brachiopod succession through the Silurian-Devonian boundary beds at Dnistrove, Podolia, Ukraine

Fig. 18. Transverse serial sections through shell of Camarium sp. Numbers refer to distance in mm from ventral umbo. ZPAL Bp. 56/71a. Dnistrove, beds 47–48.

Fig. 4 in The brachiopod succession through the Silurian-Devonian boundary beds at Dnistrove, Podolia, Ukraine

Fig. 4. Strophomenide brachiopods from the Silurian–Devonian boundary beds at Dnistrove (Podolia, Ukraine). A–J, L. Leptaena (Leptaena) aff. altera Rybnikova, 1966. A, B. Two nearly complete shells, ZPAL Bp. 56/42 (A) and ZPAL Bp. 56/43 (B), in dorsal (A1, B1), ventral (A2, B2), lateral (A3, B3), posterior (A4, B4), and anterior (A5, B5) views. C. Shell ZPAL Bp. 56/46 in ventral view (C1) and enlargement showing the pedicle tube (C2). D. Enlargement of the posterior region of the ventral valve ZPAL Bp. 56/32d showing interarea, delthyrium, and well preserved teeth. E–G. Enlargement of the posterior region of three shells, ZPAL Bp. 56/32c (E), ZPAL Bp. 56/32b (F), and ZPAL Bp. 56/32a (G); ventral valves uppermost. H. Almost complete shell ZPAL Bp. 56/45 in ventral view. I. Enlargement of the interior of ventral valve ZPAL Bp. 56/32e. J. Ventral valve ZPAL Bp. 56/44 with partially shown interior in general (J1) and enlarged (J2) views. L. Interior of incomplete dorsal valve ZPAL Bp. 56/32f. K, N–O. Cymostrophia (Protocymostrophia) costatula (Barrande, 1847). K. Incomplete shell ZPAL Bp. 56/18 in dorsal (A1) and ventral (A2) views. N. Interior of dorsal valve ZPAL Bp. 56/21. O. Interior of an incomplete ventral valve ZPAL Bp. 56/19. P. Exterior of an incomplete ventral valve ZPAL Bp. 56/20. M.?Mesodouvillina sp.; exterior of ventral valve ZPAL Bp. 56/53. Beds 47–48 (A–L, N–P), 102 (M). Scale bars 2 mm.

Fig. 13 in The brachiopod succession through the Silurian-Devonian boundary beds at Dnistrove, Podolia, Ukraine

Fig. 13. Transverse serial sections through shell of Oglu senilis Havlíček, 1987. A. ZPAL Bp. 56/88. B. ZPAL Bp. 56/89. Numbers refer to distance in mm from ventral umbo. Dnistrove, beds 47–48.

Fig. 16 in The brachiopod succession through the Silurian-Devonian boundary beds at Dnistrove, Podolia, Ukraine

Fig. 16. Scatter diagrams of shell width (A) and shell thickness (B) to shell length ratios in Sepatrypa (Septatrypa) secreta Kozłowski, 1929. Dnistrove, beds 47–48.

Fig. 11 in The brachiopod succession through the Silurian-Devonian boundary beds at Dnistrove, Podolia, Ukraine

Fig. 11. Transverse serial sections through three shells of Sphaerirhynchia gibbosa (Nikiforova, 1954). A. ZPAL Bp. 56/64−3. B. ZPAL Bp. 56/64−2. C. ZPAL Bp. 56/64−1. Numbers refer to distance in mm from ventral umbo. Dnistrove, beds 47–48.

Fig. 1 in Crinoids from the Silurian of Western Estonia

Fig. 1. Silurian stratigraphy of Estonia. The majority of the new fossil material is from the West−Estonian islands, represented in the middle of the chart of lithostratigraphic units (based on Hints 2008). D1, Lower Devonian; O, Ordovician; O3, Upper Ordovician.

Fig. 5 in Crinoids from the Silurian of Western Estonia

Fig. 5. Camerate, disparid, and flexible crinoids from the Silurian of Estonia. A. Myelodactylus? sp., TUG 1395−7, Ohesaare Formation (Pridoli), Ohesaare Cliff. Articular facet of columnal. B. Saaremaacrinus estoniensis gen. et sp. nov., holotype, TUG 1395−3, middle Äigu Beds, Kaugatuma Formation (Pridoli), Kaugatuma Cliff. B1, lateral view of theca, interpretation of plates in Fig. 4; B2, tegmen view of theca. C, D. Cicerocrinus osiliensis (Jaekel, 1900), Ohesaare Formation (Pridoli), Ohesaare Cliff. C. TUG 1376−1. C−ray lateral view of calyx. D. GIT 405−242. C−ray lateral view of calyx. E. Protaxocrinus salteri? (Angelin, 1878), TUG 1395−4, Ninase Member, Jaani Formation (Wenlock), Suuriku Cliff. E1, CD interray view of crown and proximal column; E2, CD interray view of calyx, proximal arms and column, note badly beach−worn preservation. F. Caleocrinus balticensis sp. nov., GIT 405−12, Juuru Stage (Llandovery), Heltermaa. D−Ray lateral view of crown. G, H. Desmidocrinus laevigatus sp. nov., middle Äigu Beds, Kaugatuma Formation (Pridoli), Kaugatuma Cliff. G. TUG 1395−1, holotype. G1, oblique D−ray lateral view of calyx; G2, CD−interray lateral view of calyx; G3, D−ray lateral view of incomplete crown. H. TUG 1395−2, paratype. D−ray lateral view of calyx.

Fig. 4 in Crinoids from the Silurian of Western Estonia

Fig. 4. Plate diagrams of Estonian crinoids. A. Saaremaacrinus estoniensis gen. et sp. nov., TUG 1395−3, middle Äigu Beds, Kaugatuma Formation (Pridoli), Kaugatuma Cliff. Normal interray plating (A1), C−ray plating (A2), CD−interray plating(A3), and lateral outline of theca (A4). B. Calceocrinus baliticensis sp. nov, GIT 405−212, Juuru Stage (Llandovery), Heltermaa. D−ray view of crown. C. Protaxocrinus salteri? (Angelin, 1878), TUG 1395−4, Ninase Member, Jaani Formation (Wenlock), Suuriku Cliff. Lateral outline. Plate designations: black, radial plate; ruled, inferradial plate; cross−ruled, radianal plate; stippled, interradial plates or anal plates; P, primanal; X, anal X plate; grey, openings into theca. Scale bars 1 mm.

Fig. 3 in Crinoids from the Silurian of Western Estonia

Fig. 3. Camerate crinoids from the Silurian of Estonia. A, B. Middle Äigu Beds, Kaugatuma Formation (Pridoli), Kaugatuma Cliff. A. Eucalyptocrinites tumidus sp. nov., GIT 405−243. A1, lateral view of crown, note modestly expanding partition plates; A2, basal view of calyx, note nodose calyx plates; A3, tegmen view of crown, note flat tegmen top. B. Calliocrinus sedgwickianus sp. nov., TUG 1395−8. Basal view of a portion of the basal and radial circlets, all circular pits are the trace fossil Oichnus. C. Eucalyptocrinites sp., GIT 405−238, Jaani Formation (Wenlock), Suuriku Cliff. Lateral view of calyx. D. Eucalyptocrinites sp. 2., TUG 1395−13, Ninase Member, Jaani Formation (Wenlock), Panga Cliff. D1, tegmen view of crown; D2, B−ray view of partial crown, note deep elongate groove on well−preserved partition plate. E. Periechocrinus longimanus (Angelin, 1878), GIT 405−4−1, Jaani Formation (Wenlock), Janni Cliff. Lateral view of partial calyx, calyx sutures very indistinct. F. Eucalyptocrinites sp. 1, TUG 1375−3, Jaani Formation (Wenlock), Undva Cliff. Lateral view of broken crown. G. Calliocrinus sp., TUG 1395−6, Ninase Member, Jaani Formation (Wenlock), Suuriku Cliff. Broadly bifurcating spine. H. Eucalyptocrinites sp. 1, TUG 1375−2, Jaani Formation (Wenlock), Undva Cliff. Lateral view of crown of juvenile. Scale bars 10 mm.

Fig. 6 in Crinoids from the Silurian of Western Estonia

Fig. 6. Crinoids from the Silurian of Estonia, middle Äigu Beds, Kaugatuma Formation (Pridoli, Silurian), Kaugatuma Cliff. A. Cladida indet., TUG 1395−9, lateral view of badly disarticulated calyx. B. Enallocrinus sp. holdfast, TUG 1395−39, column of Enallocrinus holdfasts lacking the rhizoids. C. Field photograph of an uncollected in situ Enallocrinus holdfast. Note wide, pentalobate lumen and long radices of holdfast. Scale bars 10 mm.

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Fig. 2 in A new type of colony in Silurian (upper Wenlock) retiolitid graptolite Spinograptus from Poland

Fig. 2. Retiolitid graptolites Spinograptus tubothecalis sp. nov. and Spinograptus clathrospinosus Eisenack, 1951 from the Gołdap IG−1 borehole, Poland. A, B, D, E. Spinograptus tubothecalis sp. nov., depth 1267.0 m, Colonograptus deubeli Biozone, Wenlock. A. ZPAL G. 47/1, holotype, stereopair of obverse view of finite rhabdosome, proximal lateral orifice (arrow) (A1); proximal view of rhabdosome (A2), outer ancora arrowed; proximal view of isolated last theca and nema (A); ancora umbrella and dense outer ancora at th 11 side of rhabdosome (arrow) (A). B. ZPAL G. 47/5, th 11 side view of proximal 3 4 part of rhabdosome showing dense outer ancora and pre−thecal ventral orifice overgrown by reticulum (arrow) (B1), rudimentary transverse rod (arrow) (B). D. ZPAL G. 47/8, th 12 side view of proximal part of rhabdosome showing overgrown pre−thecal ventral orifice (arrow). E. ZPAL G. 47/9, proximal 2 view of immature rhabdosome showing ancora umbrella and outer ancora starting to grow (arrow). C. Spinograptus clathrospinosus Eisenack, 1951, ZPAL G. 47/10, depth 1259.0 m, Colonograptus ludensis Biozone, Wenlock, open−ended rhabdosome with three pairs of thecae, lateral view (C1), obverse view of proximal end of rhabdosome (C) showing ancora umbrella and outer ancora at th 11 side of rhabdosome.