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Fig. 9 in Taxonomic studies of Diospyros (Ebenaceae) from the Malagasy region. VI. New species of large trees from Madagascar

Fig. 9. – Photographs of Diospyros L. species. A–C. Diospyros crassipedicellata G.E. Schatz & Lowry: A. Branch with male flowers; B. Male inflorescence; C. Male flowers; D–F. Diospyros grandiflora G.E. Schatz & Lowry: D. Branch with fruit; E. Fruit (side view); F. Fruit (top view). [A: Lowry et al. 7520; B: Antilahimena 7783; C: Randrianasolo et al. 1385; D–F: Lowry et al. 7482] [Photos: A, D–F: P. Lowry; B: P. Antilahimena; C: F. Rakotoarivony]

Fig. 8. – Diospyros crassipedicellata G.E. Schatz & Lowry. A in Taxonomic studies of Diospyros (Ebenaceae) from the Malagasy region. VI. New species of large trees from Madagascar

Fig. 8. – Diospyros crassipedicellata G.E. Schatz & Lowry. A. Branch with fruit; B. Branch with male inflorescences; C. Schematic section of male flower; D. Male inflorescence; E. Fruit.

Fig. 5. – Diospyros antsirananae G.E. Schatz & Lowry. A in Taxonomic studies of Diospyros (Ebenaceae) from the Malagasy region. VI. New species of large trees from Madagascar

Fig. 5. – Diospyros antsirananae G.E. Schatz & Lowry. A. Branch with fruits; B. Branch with female flowers; C. Branch with male inflorescences; D. Detail of leaf (abaxial surface); E. Schematic section of female flower; F. Schematic section of male flower; G. Fruit.

Fig. 7. – Diospyros beberonnii G.E. Schatz & Lowry. A in Taxonomic studies of Diospyros (Ebenaceae) from the Malagasy region. VI. New species of large trees from Madagascar

Fig. 7. – Diospyros beberonnii G.E. Schatz & Lowry. A. Branch with fruits; B. Fruit; C. Fruiting calyx (seen from below). [A: Randriamampionona 234, P; B–C: Randriamampionona 640, P] [Drawing: Alain Jouy]

Fig. 6. – Diospyros bardotiae H.N. Rakouth, G.E. Schatz & Lowry. A in Taxonomic studies of Diospyros (Ebenaceae) from the Malagasy region. VI. New species of large trees from Madagascar

Fig. 6. – Diospyros bardotiae H.N. Rakouth, G.E. Schatz & Lowry. A. Branch with mature fruits; B. Branch with immature fruits; C. Branch with male inflorescences.

Fig. 2 in Taxonomic studies of Diospyros (Ebenaceae) from the Malagasy region. VI. New species of large trees from Madagascar

Fig. 2. – Photographs of Diospyros L. species. A. Diospyros amborelloides G.E. Schatz & Lowry, branch with immature fruit; B–D. Diospyros antsirananae G.E. Schatz & Lowry: B. Branch with fruit; C. Branch with fruit; D. fruit; E–F. Diospyros bardotiae H.N. Rakouth, G.E. Schatz & Lowry: E. Branch with immature fruit; F. Immature fruits. [A: Rakotovao et al. 3882; B: Rakotonandrasana et al. 904; C–D: Rakotoarivelo 152; E: Randrianaivo 3273; F: Randrianaivo 3279] [Photos: A: C. Rakotovao; B, E–F: R. Randrianaivo; C –D: N. Rakotoarivelo]

Fig. 4. – Diospyros andohahelensis G.E. Schatz & Lowry. A in Taxonomic studies of Diospyros (Ebenaceae) from the Malagasy region. VI. New species of large trees from Madagascar

Fig. 4. – Diospyros andohahelensis G.E. Schatz & Lowry. A. Branch with fruits; B. Fruit; C. Fruiting calyx (seen from below);

Figure 1 in Description, biology and conservation of a new species of Australian tree frog (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae: Litoria) and an assessment of the remaining populations of Litoria genimaculata Horst, 1883: systematic and conservation implications of an unusual speciation event

Figure 1. Distribution of Litoria myola sp. nov. (formerly termed iS) and the northern (N) and southern (S) lineages of Litoria genimaculata in the Wet Tropics, northeast Queensland. CT, Carbine Tableland; BMC, Black Mountain Corridor; LR, Lamb Range; BK, Bellenden Ker Range; AT, Atherton Tableland; MT, Malbon Thompson Range; GR, Graham Range.

Figure 2 in Description, biology and conservation of a new species of Australian tree frog (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae: Litoria) and an assessment of the remaining populations of Litoria genimaculata Horst, 1883: systematic and conservation implications of an unusual speciation event

Figure 2. Litoria myola, sp. nov., males (A, a pale individual; B, a heavily marked individual), Kuranda, north-east Queensland.

Figure 3 in Description, biology and conservation of a new species of Australian tree frog (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae: Litoria) and an assessment of the remaining populations of Litoria genimaculata Horst, 1883: systematic and conservation implications of an unusual speciation event

Figure 3. Spectrogram of the courtship call of Litoria myola sp. nov. (recorded at an air temperature of 25 °C). The spectrogram displays a single courtship call consisting of six notes ('tocs'). The degree of shading displays call intensity.

Figure 7 in Description, biology and conservation of a new species of Australian tree frog (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae: Litoria) and an assessment of the remaining populations of Litoria genimaculata Horst, 1883: systematic and conservation implications of an unusual speciation event

Figure 7. Rainforest stream habitat, with rocky (A) and sandy (B) substrate, Kuranda, north-east Queensland. Litoria myola sp. nov. and Litoria genimaculata are present at both sites.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2017View details →

Fig. 2. Tree inferred from COI-5P in Molecular phylogenies support taxonomic revision of three species of Laurencia (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta), with the description of a new genus

Fig. 2. Tree inferred from COI-5P + rbcL + LSU using Bayesian analysis (BI) and including 30 specimens of the Laurencia complex and two outgroup taxa. The numbers above branches indicate Bayesian posterior probabilities (pp) and below branches indicate bootstrap values (bp) inferred from 1 000 ML bootstrap replicates (ML); pp <0.95 and bp <75% are not shown.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2014View details →

Supplementary material 1 from: Motloung R, Robertson M, Rouget M, Wilson J (2014) Forestry trial data can be used to evaluate climate-based species distribution models in predicting tree invasions. NeoBiota 20: 31-48. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.20.5778

Current and potential distributions of sixteen species that are not widespread in southern Africa arranged on the basis of their suitable range size : a) Acacia paradoxa, b) A. cultriformis, c) A. falciformis, d) A. pendula, e) A. rubida, f) A. stricta, g) A. retinodes, h) A. fimbriata, i) A. aneura, j) A. viscidula, k) A. acuminata, l) A. adunca, m) A. binervata, n) A. schinoides, o) A. prominens, p) A. mangium. The grey shading indicates areas that SDMs have identified as suitable by SDMs while the white ones are unsuitable.

dryad40/100

Data from: Winter-moth populations are isolated on co-occurring tree species with contrasting budburst-phenology

Differences between neighbouring tree species in phenology could isolate populations of host-plant generalists that depend on matching the phenology of their host. We studied the relationship between the budburst phenology of two co-occurring tree species with early (hornbeams) and late (oaks) budburst, and the egg-hatching date of associated winter moths (Operophtera brumata) during two seasons (autumns starting in 2020 and 2021). A previous study in spring 2019 had found no winter moth larvae on the focal oaks, while we found them mainly on oaks with hornbeam neighbours in 2022. Congruently, adult winter moths were rarely encountered during the autumns of 2018 and 2019 and sparsely in 2020 and 2021, and then mainly near hornbeams.The vast majority of winter moths had early-hatching eggs when both hornbeams and oaks were present, matching the hornbeams rather than the oaks. Where hornbeam was absent in the neighbourhood, the few winter moths had late-hatching eggs.These results suggest that winter moth populations on hornbeam and oak are to some degree isolated from each other despite spatial proximity, so that recolonization of oaks by populations synchronized with budburst of hornbeam is slow. Therefore, trees would benefit from differing from their neighbours in budburst phenology with respect to herbivore damage.

opencc-zeroMay 2024View details →

Fig. 3 in Regional uniqueness of tree species composition and response to forest loss and climate change

Fig. 3 | Response of tree species to climate change across biomes. The median absolute latitude and median elevation shift among species, fraction of lost and gained species, and change in taxonomic and phylogenetic composition under climate change were computed for each forest ecoregion. The boxplots show statistics for n = 239 ecoregions for Tropical Moist Broadleaf Forests, n = 14 ecoregions for Tropical Coniferous Forests, n = 55 ecoregions for Tropical Dry Broadleaf Forests, n = 26 ecoregions for Boreal Forests, n = 91 ecoregions for Temperate Broadleaf Forests, n = 49 ecoregions for Temperate Conifer Forests and n = 61 ecoregions for Mediterranean Forests. The center line of the boxplots shows the median, the box limits the quartiles, the whiskers 1.5 times the interquartile range, and the points the outliers.Changes are computed between predicted distributions with climate variables for 1981-2010 and climate projections for 2071-2100 under climate change scenario SSP 5.85. Changes in composition are computed as the Euclidean distance between scaled NMDS and evoPCA values computed at the ecoregion level. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Fig. 2 in Regional uniqueness of tree species composition and response to forest loss and climate change

Fig. 2 | Species occupancy range distribution and loss. a Distributions of species occupancy range sizes globally (gray) and constrained to forests (at least 10% tree cover, color) for species in each forest biome. b Boxplot of relative range reduction across species in each forest biome with the center line showing the median, the box limits the quartiles, the whiskers 1.5 times the interquartile range, and the points the outliers. The distributions and boxplots are computed for n = 6810 species for Tropical Moist Broadleaf Forests, n = 588 species for Tropical Coniferous Forests, n = 1101 species for Tropical Dry Broadleaf Forests, n = 54 species for Boreal Forests, n = 1744 species for Temperate Broadleaf Forests, n = 178 species for Temperate Conifer Forests and n = 580 species for Mediterranean Forests. c Global map of median species range size constrained to forests, created with QGIS110. The gray base map corresponds to all areas for which model predictors were available. d Plot of species' median latitude against range size constrained to forests, colored by point density, where red indicates the highest density. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Fig. 1 in Regional uniqueness of tree species composition and response to forest loss and climate change

Fig. 1 | Gradients in taxonomic and phylogenetic composition show a near- a, c. Scatter plot of taxonomic and phylogenetic ordinations in environmental unique biodiversity signature of every single location on the planet. Taxonomic space, a 2-dimensional space made up of the 2 first axes of a PCA of the environcomposition is represented by a 3-axis non-metric dimensional scaling (NMDS) and mental variables used for species distribution modeling: mean annual temperature phylogenetic beta-diversity is represented by the 3 first axes of a phylogenetic (MAT), temperature seasonality (T season), annual precipitation (Annual P), preordination (evoPCA). Both the taxonomic and phylogenetic ordinations are com- cipitation seasonality (P season), growing season length (GSL), net primary proputed on the global community matrix derived from the modeled distributions of ductivity (NPP),silt content (Silt),coarse fragments (CF),and soil pH (pH).b, d. Map n = 10,590 tree species sampled at a resolution of 100 km, resulting in n = 12,548 of taxonomic and phylogenetic ordinations in geographical space. Source data are sites. The 3 axes of each ordination are mapped to red, green, and blue with provided as a Source Data file. The maps were created with QGIS110 and the gray minimum and maximum values corresponding to the 10th and 90th percentiles. base map corresponds to all areas for which model predictors were available.

TreeGOER 2024 Expansion: Expansion with additional tree and bamboo species identified via the World Checklist of Vascular Plants

The database provides globally observed environmental ranges for an additional list of species not included in the <a href="https://zenodo.org/records/7922927">TreeGOER database</a>. Candidate species were identified via the <a href="https://powo.science.kew.org/about-wcvp">World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP) version 11</a>. Many of the additional species were hybrids or bamboo species that were excluded from GlobalTreeSearch. Taxonomical details given in a separate file correspond to information provided by the WCVP, as well as information on the life form of each species. Field n in the taxonomical data sets shows the number of records used to provide range information for the expansion of TreeGOER. Tree species were filtered from the WCVP by selecting species records with an empty acceptedNameUsageID field (a field that refers to a current name if not empty) and afterwards filtering for records where the lifeform_description field contained one from the categories of tree (3580 candidate species for the TreeGOER 2024 expansion), shrub or tree (3129), scrambling shrub or tree (138), climbing shrub or tree (58), succulent shrub or tree (40), succulent tree (37), scrambling tree (32), liana or tree (6), , tuberous tree (3), tuberous shrub or tree (3), semisucculent tree (2), or semisucculent shrub or tree (3) Species that could not be matched with the <a href="https://tools.bgci.org/global_tree_search.php">GlobalTreeSearch database (version 1.7)</a> were candidates for the expansion of species documented in TreeGOER. Standardization to the WCVP was achieved via the <a href="https://bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/aps3.11388">WorldFlora R package</a>, using the same scripts available in this Rpub: . <a href="https://rpubs.com/Roeland-KINDT/1134151">https://rpubs.com/Roeland-KINDT/1134151</a>. Occurrence data were obtained from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility via the following downloads. Downloads were facilitated by prior identification of the GBIF usageKey via the <a href="https://docs.ropensci.org/rgbif/reference/name_backbone.html">rgbif::name_backbone</a> function, afterwards filtering records that matched with a current species name in the GBIF backbone taxonomy, using package <a href="https://cran.r-project.org/package=rgbif">rgbif</a> version 3.7-9. <ul> <li>batch 1:  GBIF.org (27 March 2024) GBIF Occurrence Download  <a href="https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.upqqve">https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.upqqve</a></li> <li>batch 2:  GBIF.org (27 March 2024) GBIF Occurrence Download  <a href="https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.fhqdpg">https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.fhqdpg</a></li> <li>batch 3:  GBIF.org (27 March 2024) GBIF Occurrence Download  <a href="https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.w3k3n7">https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.w3k3n7</a></li> <li>batch 4:  GBIF.org (27 March 2024) GBIF Occurrence Download  <a href="https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.xqp7qg">https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.xqp7qg</a></li> <li>batch 5:  GBIF.org (27 March 2024) GBIF Occurrence Download  <a href="https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.t92qsg">https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.t92qsg</a></li> <li>batch 6:  GBIF.org (27 March 2024) GBIF Occurrence Download  <a href="https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.7ug5z5">https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.7ug5z5</a></li> <li>batch 7:  GBIF.org (27 March 2024) GBIF Occurrence Download  <a href="https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.8tp9p8">https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.8tp9p8</a></li> <li>batch 8:  GBIF.org (27 March 2024) GBIF Occurrence Download  <a href="https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.ewdj7m">https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.ewdj7m</a></li> <li>batch 9:  GBIF.org (27 March 2024) GBIF Occurrence Download  <a href="https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.gccja8">https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.gccja8</a></li> <li>batch 10: GBIF.org (27 March 2024) GBIF Occurrence Download  <a href="https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.jg7gzs">https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.jg7gzs</a></li> <li>batch 11: GBIF.org (27 March 2024) GBIF Occurrence Download  <a href="https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.6gww7b">https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.6gww7b</a></li> <li>batch 12: GBIF.org (27 March 2024) GBIF Occurrence Download  <a href="https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.9h8axh">https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.9h8axh</a></li> <li>batch 13: GBIF.org (27 March 2024) GBIF Occurrence Download  <a href="https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.mswf23">https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.mswf23</a></li> </ul>   For bamboo species, identified by a similar process as documented above but now filtering in the WCVP for the lifeform of bamboo, occurrence data were obtained from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility via the following downloads: <ul> <li>batch 1:  GBIF.org (08 April 2024) GBIF Occurrence Download  <a href="https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.6xt5qu">https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.6xt5qu</a></li> <li>batch 2:  GBIF.org (08 April 2024) GBIF Occurrence Download  <a href="https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.tdmva4">https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.tdmva4</a></li> <li>batch 3:  GBIF.org (08 April 2024) GBIF Occurrence Download  <a href="https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.u2gpxv">https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.u2gpxv</a></li> </ul>   After downloading the GBIF occurrence data sets, the same procedures were used to calculate the globally observed environmental ranges as in the TreeGOER database which have been described by Kindt, R. (2023). TreeGOER: A database with globally observed environmental ranges for 48,129 tree species. Global Change Biology, 00, 1–16. <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.16914">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.16914</a>.    A new check for the availability of species observations was made also for species listed in the <a href="https://worldagroforestry.org/output/globalusefulnativetrees">GlobalUsefulNativeTrees database</a>, but not in TreeGOER. Taxonomical details for these species are given as a 'set 2' in the database. Downloads from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility were: <ul> <li>batch 1: GBIF.org (04 April 2024) GBIF Occurrence Download <a href="https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.ajwegx">https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.ajwegx</a></li> <li>batch 2: GBIF.org (04 April 2024) GBIF Occurrence Download  <a href="https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hxk5be">https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hxk5be</a></li> </ul>   Version 2024.06 included a new field in the Tmo10 zones files of 'A18' that flags 717 species that occur in zones where all months have a mininum temperature of 18 degrees or above, using similar methods as the 2024.06 version of TreeGOER.   The development of the TreeGOER 2024 Expansion was supported by the Darwin Initiative to project DAREX001 of Developing a Global Biodiversity Standard certification for tree-planting and restoration, by Norway’s International Climate and Forest Initiative through the Royal Norwegian Embassy in Ethiopia to the Provision of Adequate Tree Seed Portfolio project in Ethiopia, by the Green Climate Fund through the IUCN-led Transforming the Eastern Province of Rwanda through Adaptation project and through the Readiness proposal on Climate Appropriate Portfolios of Tree Diversity for Burkina Faso, by the Bezos Earth Fund to the Bezos Quality Tree Seed for Africa in Kenya and Rwanda project and by the German International Climate Initiative (IKI) to the regional tree seed programme on The Right Tree for the Right Place for the Right Purpose in Africa. When using TreeGOER 2024 Expansion in your work, cite the publication (Kindt <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.16914">2023</a>) as well as this repository using the DOI (<a href="../doi/10.5281/zenodo.11208040">https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.11208040</a>).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2016View details →

Figure 2 in Middle Miocene origins for tough-browse dietary specialisations in the koala (Marsupialia, Phascolarctidae) evolutionary tree: description of a new genus and species from the Riversleigh World Heritage Area

Figure 2. Stelakoala riversleighensis gen. et sp. nov. holotype (QM F57737) from Jim's Jaw Site, Riversleigh World Heritage Area, Qld. A-A', Occlusal stereopair; B, labelled occlusal view; C, lingual view; D, buccal view. Abbreviations: co, cristid obliqua; end, entoconid; esd, entostylid; er, entostylid ridge; hyd, hypoconid; lr, lingual ribs; med, metaconid; msd, metastylid; pad, paraconid; ppsd, preprotostylid cristid; prd, protoconid; psd, protostylid.