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Fig. 6 in Changes in the structure of fish assemblages in streams along an undisturbed-impacted gradient, upper Paraná River basin, Central Brazil

Fig. 6. ABC curves per year of fish assemblages from stream stretches located in impacted areas. NP4 = Bandeira; NP5 = Pedreira; NP6 = Unnamed Stream 2. W = statistical value for each stream.

Fig. 2 in Influence of the riparian zone phytophysiognomies on the longitudinal distribution of fishes: evidence from a Brazilian savanna stream

Fig. 2. Two-dimension ordinations based on Jaccard similarity coefficient (a) and on Bray-Curtis (b), considering the ten samples from the wet and dry seasons from the Correntes stream, central west Brazil.

Fig. 1 in Influence of the riparian zone phytophysiognomies on the longitudinal distribution of fishes: evidence from a Brazilian savanna stream

Fig. 1. Map showing localization of the sampled reaches of Correntes stream in the plateau region of the Paraguay basin, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil.

Fig. 3 in Scientific Note Feeding ecology of the leaf fish Monocirrhus polyacanthus (Perciformes: Polycentridae) in a terra firme stream in the Brazilian Amazon

Fig. 3. Prey size (total length, in mm) in relation to predator's size (standard length, in mm) for specimens of the leaf fish Monocirrhus polyacanthus (r2 = 0.44, F = 13.24, p = 0.002, Number of measured preys = 19).

Fig. 2 in Scientific Note Feeding ecology of the leaf fish Monocirrhus polyacanthus (Perciformes: Polycentridae) in a terra firme stream in the Brazilian Amazon

Fig. 2. Proportion of preys (fish and invertebrates) recorded in the stomach of the leaf fish Monocirrhus polyacanthus, by predator size classes (Number of stomachs with food = 19).

Fig. 3 in Feeding ecology of a stream fish assemblage in an Atlantic Forest remnant (Serra do Japi, SP, Brazil)

Fig. 3. Biomass (g.m-2) of the different trophic groups of fish at each collecting site in Serra do Japi (SP) streams.

Fig. 4 in Feeding ecology of a stream fish assemblage in an Atlantic Forest remnant (Serra do Japi, SP, Brazil)

Fig. 4. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showing the relationship between the biomass of insectivores (INS), omnivores (ONI), herbivores (HER), detritivores (DET), piscivores (PIS), omnivores-carnivores (O.CAR) and selected environmental variables. Temp = temperature; Veloc = Water Velocity; T.Nit = total nitrogen, Cond= Conductivity.

Fig. 2 a-b in Feeding ecology of a stream fish assemblage in an Atlantic Forest remnant (Serra do Japi, SP, Brazil)

Fig. 2 a-b. Scores of NMDS for the fish species (a) and food items (b) along the axes 1 and 2. Circles and rectangles (a) indicate trophic groups formed by the similarity array. Benthic insectivores (I), insectivores (II), detritivores (III), herbivores (IV), omnivores (V), piscivores (VI), omnivore-carnivores (VII). (b) Alg = algae; Det = detritus; OMt = organic matter; VMt = vegetal matter; Oth = others, YIn = young insects; Fis=fish; AIn = adult insects; InF = insect fragments, Nem= nematodes; Ann = Annelidae, Crs = Crustacea. Codes of species are shown in Table 2.

Fig. 1 in Influence of environmental variables and anthropogenic perturbations on stream fish assemblages, Upper Paraná River, Central Brazil

Fig. 1. Locations of the sampled sites (dots) in the streams of the Ouvidor River, Goiás State, Brazil. Squares indicate the main cities.

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Fig. 4 in Fish assemblages in stream stretches occupied by cattail (Typhaceae, Angiospermae) stands in Southeast Brazil

Fig. 4. (a) Ordination resulting from Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling Analysis (NMDS) with percent composition by number of feeding items from fishes of six stream stretches (S1-S6) in the dry and wet periods. (b, c, d) Contribution (the larger the circle, the greater the percent composition by number) of Ceratopogonidae larvae (b), Coleoptera larvae (c), and Collembola (d) to the fishes' diet. A stress of 0.08 corresponds to a good ordination with no real prospect of a misleading interpretation (Clarke & Warwick, 2001).

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Fig. 2 in Fish assemblages in stream stretches occupied by cattail (Typhaceae, Angiospermae) stands in Southeast Brazil

Fig. 2. (a) Dendrogram showing species composition similarity among six stream stretches sampled in the dry and wet periods (Jaccard coefficient and UPGMA). (b) Dendrogram showing quantitative similarity among six sampled streams in the dry and wet periods (Bray-Curtis coefficient and UPGMA).

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Fig. 3 in Fish assemblages in stream stretches occupied by cattail (Typhaceae, Angiospermae) stands in Southeast Brazil

Fig. 3. Representation the two first axis of the Canonical Correspondence Analysis, showing the sampled stretches (labelled S1-S6) in the dry and wet periods (circles), species (triangles), and environmental descriptors (arrows). The eigenvalue of axis 1 and axis 2 are 0.26 and 0.16, respectively, displaying 38% of the total inertia (= weighted variance) in the abundances and 68.8% of the variance in the weighted averages and class total of species with respect to the environmental variables. Monte Carlo significance test (4.999 permutations) under the full model option indicate that canonical axes are marginally significant ("F-ratio" = 1.509, P-value = 0.09). To species codes see Table 3.

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Fig. 2 in Comparison of fish assemblages in two littoral habitats in a Neotropical morichal stream in Venezuela

Fig. 2. Non-multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) ordination depicting similarity/dissimilarity of fish assemblages from flooded vegetation (open triangles) and sand bank habitats (inverted closed triangles). Each symbol represents one sampling site. Relative distance among symbols represents the relative similarity/dissimilarity of assemblage composition from the site based on presence/absence data.

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Fig. 1 in Comparison of fish assemblages in two littoral habitats in a Neotropical morichal stream in Venezuela

Fig. 1. Location of Caño La Guardia in the southwestern Apure State, Venezuela (Sampling sites are shown by black dots).

Fig. 4 in Histopathology of gills, kidney and liver of a Neotropical fish caged in an urban stream

Fig. 4. Photomicrographs of the liver of P. lineatus caged in Cambé stream. a) normal hepatic tissue, showing hepatocytes with granular cytoplasm (*) and central and round nucleus (arrow); b) hepatocytes with irregular shaped nucleus (black arrows), eosinophilic granules in the cytoplasm (arrowheads) and nuclear hypertrophy (*); c) bile stagnation (arrows); d) nuclear degeneration (arrows) and cytoplasmic degeneration (*); e) melanomacrophages aggregate, close to a vessel (white arrow) and cytoplasmic vacuolation (*); f) hepatic tissue showing focal necrosis (white arrow). Scale bar 10 mm, H.E.

Fig. 3 in Histopathology of gills, kidney and liver of a Neotropical fish caged in an urban stream

Fig. 3. Photomicrographs of the kidney of P. lineatus caged in Cambé stream. a) normal renal corpuscle showing the glomerulus and the Bowman's space well defined (arrow), proximal tubules (*), distal tubules (arrowheads); b) glomerular expansion and absence of the Bowman's space (arrow) and tubule cells with hypertrophied nucleus (arrowheads); c) tubule starting the regeneration process (white arrow), occlusion of the tubular lumen (black arrows) and cloudy swelling degeneration (*); d) detail of 2 tubules with hyaline droplets degeneration (*). Scale bar 10 mm, H.E.

Fig. 12 in Biology and ecomorphology of stream fishes from the rio Mogi-Guaçu basin, Southeastern Brazil

Fig. 12. Projection of the 15 studied species in the two first axes of the PCA; squares represent the nektonic species; circles the benthic and the triangles the nektobenthic.

Fig. 3 in Biology and ecomorphology of stream fishes from the rio Mogi-Guaçu basin, Southeastern Brazil

Fig. 3. Representative specimens of the collected species: a) H. malabaricus (LIRP 3077; 101.8 mm SL); b) A. paranae (LIRP 3093; 47.4 mm SL); c) A. fasciatus (LIRP 3161; 48.3 mm SL); d) B. stramineus (LIRP 3157; 45.3 mm SL); e) P. argentea (LIRP 3121; 55.2 mm SL); f) C. gomesi (LIRP 3138; 32.1 mm SL); g) C. iheringi (LIRP 3127; 36.0 mm SL); h) R. quelen (LIRP 3151; 88.9 mm SL); i) P. tenebrosa (LIRP 3160; 37.3 mm SL); j) C. difluviatilis (LIRP 3056; 44.0 mm SL); l) H. ancistroides (LIRP 3122; 37.4 mm SL); m) Hisonotus sp. (LIRP 3092; 30.4 mm SL); n) E. virescens (LIRP 3080; 119.8 mm SL); o) P. jucundus (LIRP 3063; 19.8 mm SL) and p) S. marmoratus (LIRP 3097; 137.1 mm SL).

Fig. 1 in Histopathology of gills, kidney and liver of a Neotropical fish caged in an urban stream

Fig. 1. Map showing the region of Londrina city (Paraná State), where the in situ tests were carried out at the reference site (Apertados stream), and the sites at Cambé stream (A, B and C).