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FIGURE 17 in A revision of the Pauropsalta annulata Goding & Froggatt species group (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) based on morphology, calling songs and ecology, with investigations into calling song structure, molecular phylogenetic relationships and a case of hybridisation between two subspecies

FIGURE 17. Waveform plots illustrating the lilting component of the male calling song of Pauropsalta notialis notialisxincitata hybrids from six different localities, including: (i) Upper Yarraman (26°54'S 151°54'E), (ii) Atkinsons Dam (27°26'S 152°27'E), (iii) Boonah (28°00'S 152°41'E), (iv) Woodford (26°56'S 152°46'E), (v) Cooyar (26°59'S 151°50'E), and (vi) Wuruma Dam Road (25°11'S 151°02'E). Mean phrase repetition rates (PRR) for each recording are provided to the right of each plot for reference. The Upper Yarraman recording (i) is a duet that includes the responses from a female, with each female wing-flick indicated by an arrow.

FIGURE 23 in A revision of the Pauropsalta annulata Goding & Froggatt species group (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) based on morphology, calling songs and ecology, with investigations into calling song structure, molecular phylogenetic relationships and a case of hybridisation between two subspecies

FIGURE 23. Male calling song structure of Pauropsalta blackdownensis sp. nov. illustrated in expanded waveform plots (explained in Fig. 8). The spectrogram at the bottom of the figure displays song frequency. This specimen was recorded in the field at Blackdown Tableland (23°44'S 149°07'E).

FIGURE 14 in A revision of the Pauropsalta annulata Goding & Froggatt species group (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) based on morphology, calling songs and ecology, with investigations into calling song structure, molecular phylogenetic relationships and a case of hybridisation between two subspecies

FIGURE 14. Male calling song structure of Pauropsalta notialis incitata subsp. nov. illustrated in expanded waveform plots (explained in Fig. 8), showing both buzzing and lilting components. The spectrogram at the bottom of the figure displays song frequency, which exhibits no modulation between the song components in this species. This specimen was recorded in the field at Goombungee (27°18'S 151°51'E).

FIGURE 11 in A revision of the Pauropsalta annulata Goding & Froggatt species group (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) based on morphology, calling songs and ecology, with investigations into calling song structure, molecular phylogenetic relationships and a case of hybridisation between two subspecies

FIGURE 11. Map of eastern Australia showing the geographical distribution of Pauropsalta notialis sp. nov. (including P. n. notialis subsp. nov. (solid circles), P. n. incitata subsp. nov. (solid triangles) and their hybrid P. n. notialisxincitata (crosses)). The large symbols represent specimen records (see type data and material examined), whereas small symbols represent aural records (some recorded).

FIGURE 22 in A revision of the Pauropsalta annulata Goding & Froggatt species group (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) based on morphology, calling songs and ecology, with investigations into calling song structure, molecular phylogenetic relationships and a case of hybridisation between two subspecies

FIGURE 22. Illustrations of male pygofer and internal genitalia, viewed ventrally (left) and laterally from left (right): (A) P. blackdownensis sp. nov., Blackdown Tableland (23°47'S 149°00'E); (B) P. simplex sp. nov., Atherton (17°16'S 145°29'E); (C) P. granitica sp. nov., Spear Creek via Palmer River (16°03'S 144°48'E); (D) P. subtropica sp. nov., 1km N. of Auburn River National Park (25°43'S 151°03'E); (E) P. torrensis sp. nov., 65km E. of Hughenden (20°50'S 144°48'E); (F) P. decora sp. nov., 82km N. of St George (27°23'S 148°52'E).

FIGURE 27 in A revision of the Pauropsalta annulata Goding & Froggatt species group (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) based on morphology, calling songs and ecology, with investigations into calling song structure, molecular phylogenetic relationships and a case of hybridisation between two subspecies

FIGURE 27. (A–B) Pauropsalta granitica sp. nov., 7km SE. of Mount Carbine (16°34'S 145°10'E), (A) male, (B) female; (C– D) P. subtropica sp. nov., 1km N. of Auburn River National Park (25°43'S 151°03'E). (C) male, (D) female; (E–F) P. torrensis sp. nov., Torrens Creek (20°47'S 145°01'E), (E) male, (F) female. Approximately 1.6x natural size.

FIGURE 12 in A revision of the Pauropsalta annulata Goding & Froggatt species group (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) based on morphology, calling songs and ecology, with investigations into calling song structure, molecular phylogenetic relationships and a case of hybridisation between two subspecies

FIGURE 12. Male calling song structure of Pauropsalta notialis notialis subsp. nov. illustrated in expanded waveform plots (explained in Fig. 8), showing both buzzing and lilting components. The spectrogram at the bottom of the figure displays song frequency, which exhibits no modulation between the song components in this species. This specimen was recorded in the field at Concord (33°51'S 151°06'E).

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FIGURES 19–24 in The diatom genus Longinata Hajós (Bacillariophyta): structure, relationships and distribution

FIGURES 19–24: Drepanotheca; FIGURES 25–27: Reproductions of diagrams Drepanotheca. LM, Figs 19–22, 23, 24, specimens from BM 77697 (Figs 19, 20, Drepanotheca bivittata), BM 77620 (Figs 23, 24, Drepanotheca macra), Fig. 22 = Schrader (1969: pl. 28, fig. 10); Fig. 25, reproduction of Kisseleviella carina Scheschukova-Poretskaya (1962: 207, figs 2 a–c); Fig. 26, reproduction from part of the diagram in Akiba &Yanagisawa (1985: 495, fig. 3); Fig. 27 after Witkowski et al. (2011: 384, fig. 18b–f, with permission). Scale bars = 10μm (except Fig. 22, which has the original scale bar on the reproduction).

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FIGURES 15–18 in The diatom genus Longinata Hajós (Bacillariophyta): structure, relationships and distribution

FIGURES 15–18: Longinata acuta SEM, Fig. 15, pair of whole valves; Fig. 16, detail from specimen in Fig. 15, showing rimoportula (arrow) and sparse poroids; Fig. 17, detail showing rimoportula (arrow) and 'pegs' (double-headed arrow). Scale bars = 20μm (Fig. 15), 5μm (Fig. 16, 18), 2μm (Fig. 17).

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FIGURES 12–14 in The diatom genus Longinata Hajós (Bacillariophyta): structure, relationships and distribution

FIGURES 12–14: Longinata acuta SEM, Fig. 12, pair of valves with 'peg' arrowed, shorter projections with plain arrow, adjoining pegs with hashed arrows; Fig. 13, external view with scattered pores on surface, rimoportula arrowed; Fig. 14, paired valves at poles, 'pore-field'-like structure, arrowed. Scale bars = 5μm.

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Fig. 6. Structural relationships for agrocinopine C in Agrocinopine C, a Ti-plasmid-coded enzyme-product, is a 2-O, 6-O linked phosphodiester of D-Glucose and sucrose

Fig. 6. Structural relationships for agrocinopine C and its various anomeric equilibria. The presence of the aldehyde anomer and/or its hydrate and α/β pyranosyl and α/β furanosyl anomers is consistent with the three signals detected in the 31P NMR and five anomeric proton signals observed in the 1H NMR (Table 2, Table S1). (ChemBioDraw, 2014).

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Fig. 5 in Constituents promoting osteogenesis from the fruits of Psoralea corylifolia and their structure-activity relationship study

Fig. 5. Effects of psoralidin (0.1 μM) and neobavaisoflavone (0.1 μM) on osteogenic differentiation and mineralisation in MC3T3-E1 cell without or with ICI (0.1 μM) treatment. (A1) Calcium nodules after induction for 16 days stained by 1% Alizarin Red S. (A2) Quantification assay of the calcium nodules. (B) ALP activity after induction for 7 days; *P <0.05, **P <0.01, ***P <0.001, vs Control group; ###P <0.001, vs corresponding group without ICI. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 18 in Review of lignans from 2019 to 2021: Newly reported compounds, diverse activities, structure-activity relationships and clinical applications

Fig. 18. The "source-category-activities" network of lignans. (The green nodes represent the source (families), the red nodes indicate the category, and the purple nodes emblem the activities). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 17 in Review of lignans from 2019 to 2021: Newly reported compounds, diverse activities, structure-activity relationships and clinical applications

Fig. 17. The potential structure-activity relationships of lignans in antitumor, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.

Fig. 16 in Review of lignans from 2019 to 2021: Newly reported compounds, diverse activities, structure-activity relationships and clinical applications

Fig. 16. Structure based activity distribution. (A) The proportion of pharmacological activities; (B) distribution of bioactivities in different classification.

Fig. 15 in Review of lignans from 2019 to 2021: Newly reported compounds, diverse activities, structure-activity relationships and clinical applications

Fig. 15. Distribution of molecular resources analysis. (A) Main classifications of lignans; (B) distribution of lignan subclass structures; (C) distribution of lignans in top eight families.