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Fig. 80. Ridge-top forest between 1600 and 1700 m in A Systematic Review Of Sulawesi Bunomys (Muridae, Murinae) With The Description Of Two New Species
Fig. 80. Ridge-top forest between 1600 and 1700 m on Gunung Kanino (in 1975) dominated by Tristania sp. (with the whitish bark) and species of Eugenia, especially E. cuprea; pandans (Pandanus sp.) are common, as are two species of Vaccinium—one a canopy former, the other in the understory—and rattan is abundant; the fern Dipteris blankets open spaces. Canopy is 50–60 ft high with the occasional chestnut or oak, which have small trunks here, emerging to about 70 ft. Tristania bark appears white from a distance but up close is actually streaked with gray, tan, rusty pink, and pale orange. Around the bottoms of some trunks are piles of pandan debris and sloughed Tristania bark, forming mounds 1–3 ft high and 3–5 ft wide that provide excellent cover for Bunomys penitus.
Text-fig. 17. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of a fruit of Canrightia elongata sp. nov. (a–g) and isolated Canrightia-like seeds (h–j); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a–c) Holotype; fruit in lateral view showing four fused tepals at the base (c, upper arrowheads) and prominent cavities in the fruit wall formed by scattered oil bodies and possible subtending bract (c, lower arrowhead); d) Transverse section (SRXTM orthoslice xy1510) through the fruit showing three locules, one with the remains of the endothelium (top left, 1), the other two (2, 3) with remains of presumed endosperm tissue; note that the locule to the right (3) is crushed; e, f) Radial longitudinal (e; SRXTM orthoslice xz1212) in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 17. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of a fruit of Canrightia elongata sp. nov. (a–g) and isolated Canrightia-like seeds (h–j); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a–c) Holotype; fruit in lateral view showing four fused tepals at the base (c, upper arrowheads) and prominent cavities in the fruit wall formed by scattered oil bodies and possible subtending bract (c, lower arrowhead); d) Transverse section (SRXTM orthoslice xy1510) through the fruit showing three locules, one with the remains of the endothelium (top left, 1), the other two (2, 3) with remains of presumed endosperm tissue; note that the locule to the right (3) is crushed; e, f) Radial longitudinal (e; SRXTM orthoslice xz1212)
Text-fig. 6. Fish remains from Volchaya Balka locality (Late Miocene, North Caucasus). a – Scardinius sp., SSC-RAS G-2/1, pharyngeal tooth of the first row, side view, occlusal view; b – Abramis cf. bjoerkna, SSC-RAS G-2/2, pharyngeal tooth of the first row: top – side view, bottom – occlusal view; c – Carassius sp., SSC-RAS G-2/3, pharyngeal tooth of the first row: top – side view, bottom – occlusal view; d – Alburnus sp., SSC-RAS G-2/4, fragment of pharyngeal bone (os pharyngicus inferius), medial view; e – Acipenser sp., SSC-RAS G-2/5, left hyomandibular: left – medial view, right – proximal view; f – Gobiidae gen. indet., SSC-RAS G-2/6, tail vertebra: left – lateral view, right – dorsal view; g – Gobiidae gen. indet., SSC-RAS G-2/7, dentary: top – medial view, bottom – dorsal view. in Late Miocene (Early Turolian) Vertebrate Faunas And Associated Biotic Record Of The Northern Caucasus: Geology, Taxonomy, Palaeoenvironment, Biochronology
Text-fig. 6. Fish remains from Volchaya Balka locality (Late Miocene, North Caucasus). a – Scardinius sp., SSC-RAS G-2/1, pharyngeal tooth of the first row, side view, occlusal view; b – Abramis cf. bjoerkna, SSC-RAS G-2/2, pharyngeal tooth of the first row: top – side view, bottom – occlusal view; c – Carassius sp., SSC-RAS G-2/3, pharyngeal tooth of the first row: top – side view, bottom – occlusal view; d – Alburnus sp., SSC-RAS G-2/4, fragment of pharyngeal bone (os pharyngicus inferius), medial view; e – Acipenser sp., SSC-RAS G-2/5, left hyomandibular: left – medial view, right – proximal view; f – Gobiidae gen. indet., SSC-RAS G-2/6, tail vertebra: left – lateral view, right – dorsal view; g – Gobiidae gen. indet., SSC-RAS G-2/7, dentary: top – medial view, bottom – dorsal view.
Text-fig. 6. Shells of the sinistral, flat-topped, freshwater ampullariid Carnevalea thaytinitiensis in indurated sandy marl, Bed A in the stratigraphic section (the pen is 14.5 cm long). in Large Mammals From The Rupelian Of Oman - Recent Finds
Text-fig. 6. Shells of the sinistral, flat-topped, freshwater ampullariid Carnevalea thaytinitiensis in indurated sandy marl, Bed A in the stratigraphic section (the pen is 14.5 cm long).
Text-fig. 6. a. Vertical section showing part of body-chamber of a Cenoceras in the top of the Main Cenoceras Bed associated with attached oysters below and stringers of crinoid debris below and stretching laterally. Coin 23 mm in diameter. b. Complete lateral half of conch showing intact and elastically deformed septa on which rests crinoid debris that spreads across the exposed septa and onto the adjacent substrate. Conch approximately 180 mm in diameter. c. Individual showing dispersed crinoid and molluscan debris within body-chamber and septa in the crushed inner whorls that have taken a sparite cement prior to, and after having undergone brittle deformation. 160 mm in diameter. d. Vertically embedded specimen showing the loss of septa in the inner whorls that are infilled with matrix mottled by bioturbation. Tape measure provides scale. in 'Cenoceras Islands' In The Blue Lias Formation (Lower Jurassic) Of West Somerset, Uk: Nautilid Dominance And Influence On Benthic Faunas
Text-fig. 6. a. Vertical section showing part of body-chamber of a Cenoceras in the top of the Main Cenoceras Bed associated with attached oysters below and stringers of crinoid debris below and stretching laterally. Coin 23 mm in diameter. b. Complete lateral half of conch showing intact and elastically deformed septa on which rests crinoid debris that spreads across the exposed septa and onto the adjacent substrate. Conch approximately 180 mm in diameter. c. Individual showing dispersed crinoid and molluscan debris within body-chamber and septa in the crushed inner whorls that have taken a sparite cement prior to, and after having undergone brittle deformation. 160 mm in diameter. d. Vertically embedded specimen showing the loss of septa in the inner whorls that are infilled with matrix mottled by bioturbation. Tape measure provides scale.
Text-fig. 1. Sketch map of the Devonian of the Prague Basin, and generalised stratigraphy of the Koněprusy Limestone (Pragian), Suchomasty Limestone (Upper Emsian), Acanthopyge Limestone (Eifelian) and the top of the Acanthopyge Limestone and the Srbsko Formation (transition Eifelian-Givetian) in the Koněprusy area (with marked neptunian dykes and approximate positions of Calceola-bearing limestone beds). Modified after Chlupáč et al. (1986), Hladil et al. (1992) and Mergl (2014). in Trilobite Assemblage Of Calceola -Bearing Beds In Acanthopyge Limestone (Choteč Formation, Middle Devonian, Eifelian, Prague Basin, The Czech Republic)
Text-fig. 1. Sketch map of the Devonian of the Prague Basin, and generalised stratigraphy of the Koněprusy Limestone (Pragian), Suchomasty Limestone (Upper Emsian), Acanthopyge Limestone (Eifelian) and the top of the Acanthopyge Limestone and the Srbsko Formation (transition Eifelian-Givetian) in the Koněprusy area (with marked neptunian dykes and approximate positions of Calceola-bearing limestone beds). Modified after Chlupáč et al. (1986), Hladil et al. (1992) and Mergl (2014).
Oblique profile of a Tyrannosaurus torosus head. Note the good degree of binocular vision, and the bulgingjaw-closing muscles on what is in effect a little frill at the back-top of the head. in Predatory Dinosaurs of the World
Oblique profile of a Tyrannosaurus torosus head. Note the good degree of binocular vision, and the bulgingjaw-closing muscles on what is in effect a little frill at the back-top of the head.
Fig. 8 in Head in the clouds: a new dwarf frog species of the Physalaemus signifer clade (Leptodactylidae, Leiuperinae) from the top of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Fig. 8. Interspecific phylogenetic relationships of Physalaemus araxa sp. nov. inferred from 12S rRNA, tRNA-val, and 16S rRNA mitochondrial genes (H1 fragment sequences) by MrBayes and TNT. Numbers indicate posterior probabilities (left) or bootstrap values (right) in the MrBayes and TNT analyses, respectively. Hyphens indicate nodes that were not recovered in the TNT analysis.
Fig. 7 in Head in the clouds: a new dwarf frog species of the Physalaemus signifer clade (Leptodactylidae, Leiuperinae) from the top of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Fig. 7. Karyotype of Physalaemus araxa sp. nov. A. Giemsa-stained. B. C-banded. The insert in B shows the faint C-band on chromosome pair 3.
Fig. 3 in Head in the clouds: a new dwarf frog species of the Physalaemus signifer clade (Leptodactylidae, Leiuperinae) from the top of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Fig. 3. Color in live paratypes of Physalaemus araxa sp. nov. A. ZUEC-AMP 24119 (paratype), evidencing the color of inguinal region. B. ZUEC-AMP 24120 (paratype), in an upright posture with vocal sac slightly inflated, photographed in situ; notice the contrast of the yellow vocal sac with the background. C–D. ZUEC-AMP 24098 (paratype), evidencing ventral and dorsolateral colors; notice the distribution of yellow pigmentation ventrally and laterally.
Fig. 6 in Head in the clouds: a new dwarf frog species of the Physalaemus signifer clade (Leptodactylidae, Leiuperinae) from the top of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Fig. 6. Tadpole of Physalaemus araxa sp. nov. at stage 37 (ZUEC-AMP 24214). A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view. C. Ventral view. D. Oral disc completely opened. E. Details of the right nostril in frontal view. F. Spiracle in lateral view. G. Vent tube in lateral view. H. Tadpole of Physalaemus araxa sp. nov. in life (photo not to scale). Scale bars: A–C, F–G = 10 mm; D = 1 mm; E = 0.5 mm.
Fig. 2 in Head in the clouds: a new dwarf frog species of the Physalaemus signifer clade (Leptodactylidae, Leiuperinae) from the top of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Fig. 2. Physalaemus araxa sp. nov., holotype, adult ♂ (ZUEC-AMP 24095). A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, lateral view. C. Right hand, ventral view. D. Right foot, ventral view. Scale bars = 2 mm.
Fig. 10 in Head in the clouds: a new dwarf frog species of the Physalaemus signifer clade (Leptodactylidae, Leiuperinae) from the top of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Fig. 10. Physalaemus araxa sp. nov. males calling activity per hour along one complete day in the top of the Caparaó National Park, municipality of Ibitirama, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The shaded blue indicates nocturnal period and the red line indicates the normal Gaussian fitted curve for the calling activity (adjusted after running the normality test).
Fig. 4 in Head in the clouds: a new dwarf frog species of the Physalaemus signifer clade (Leptodactylidae, Leiuperinae) from the top of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Fig. 4. Spectrograms (above) and oscillograms (below) of advertisement calls of Physalaemus araxa sp. nov., highlighting an increasing complexity with one (A), two (B), or three (C) notes; recorded in the Caparaó National Park, municipality of Ibitirama, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil.
Fig. 9 in Head in the clouds: a new dwarf frog species of the Physalaemus signifer clade (Leptodactylidae, Leiuperinae) from the top of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Fig. 9. Type locality of Physalaemus araxa sp. nov., Lagoa da Sombra, at Parque Nacional do Caparaó.
Fig. 1 in Head in the clouds: a new dwarf frog species of the Physalaemus signifer clade (Leptodactylidae, Leiuperinae) from the top of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Fig. 1. Physalaemus araxa sp. nov., holotype, adult ♂, SVL 21 mm (ZUEC-AMP 24095). A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. Scale bar = 5 mm.
Top-down modulation of shape and roughness discrimination in active touch by covert attention
<p>Due to limitations in perceptual processing, information relevant to momentary task goals is selected from the vast amount of available sensory information by top-down mechanisms (e.g. attention) that can increase perceptual performance. We investigated how covert attention affects perception of 3D objects in active touch. In our experiment, participants simultaneously explored the shape and roughness of two objects in sequence, and were told afterwards to compare the two objects with regard to one of the two features. To direct the focus of covert attention to the different features we manipulated the expectation of a shape or roughness judgment by varying the frequency of trials for each task (20%, 50%, 80%), then we measured discrimination thresholds. We found higher discrimination thresholds for both shape and roughness perception when the task was unexpected, compared to the conditions in which the task was expected (or both tasks were expected equally). Our results suggest that active touch perception is modulated by expectations about the task. This implies that despite fundamental differences, active and passive touch are affected by feature selective covert attention in a similar way.</p> <p> </p> <p>There are zip files for the main experiment and the two pilot experiments, which contain all data relative to the publication. The data of each participant is contained in a separate folder. This folder contains a *.raw file with the participant's answers for each session of the experiment and a "data" folder, which contains movement trajectories (*.trj files) for each session in separate folders.</p> <p>Variables of the main experiment are described in the file VARIABLE_CODES_MainExp.txt and the variables of the pilot experiments are described in the files VARIABLE_CODES_PilotRoughness.txt and VARIABLE_CODES_PilotShape.txt.</p>
Motivation and harvesting behaviour of fishers in a specialized fishery targeting a top predator species at risk
<p>Effective management of wildlife resources depends on understanding and cooperating with the human users of the resource, particularly as policies may be rejected if user satisfactions are not met. In Australia, recreational anglers can legally target a migratory top predator, the shortfin mako shark (<em>Isurus oxyrinchus</em>), that is also a species at risk. It is assumed that most of the sharks are released and population remains minimally impacted; yet, the actual release rate of this species is unknown and little information is available on the motivations and satisfactions of anglers that participate in this fishery. The rate of catch-and-release fishing was ascertained by a web survey of recreational shark anglers from three south-eastern Australian states. Respondents reported that ~70% of the captured makos were released, with significant geographic variation in release rates between states. Differences in harvesting behaviour between states could be attributed to the varying value assigned to shortfin mako as a sport fish and table fish among regions. Additionally, higher rates of release among anglers from New South Wales may be linked to increased opportunity for resource substitution (i.e. greater diversity of game fish species) and established norms driven by current catch-and-release fisheries in that region. Increased participation in catch-and-release fishing may be achieved by establishing behavioural norms by the provision of more desirable incentives to release sharks during fishing competitions. Data on regional variation in release rates yields important information for managers to target specialized fishers to incentivize catch-and-release fishing with an objective of changing behaviour. Information on natural resource user motivations and satisfactions, such as studied here, has the potential to guide management actions and the ways in which managers interact with resource users.</p>
Top Steam Offers
<p><strong>A partir de les dades de la pàgina Steam, s’han extret els articles que tenen aplicat algun tipus de descompte. Aquesta informació s’ha emmagatzemat en un dataframe de cinc variables: </strong></p> <ul> <li> <p><strong>Name str: nom del videojoc</strong></p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Tags list: nom dels tres tags principals del videojoc</strong></p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Original price float: preu inicial (sense descompte)</strong></p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Discount string: descompte aplicat (en %)</strong></p> </li> <li><strong>Offer price float: preu final (després del descompte)</strong></li> </ul>
Top Quark Momentum Reconstruction Dataset
<p>A set of Monte Carlo simulated events, for the evaluation of top quarks' (and their child particles') momentum reconstruction. Produced using the HEPData4ML package [1]. The data is saved in HDF5 format, as sets of arrays with keys (as detailed below). There are ~1.15M events, with approximately 700k in "train.h5", 200k in "valid.h5", and 250k in "test.h5".</p> <p>There are two versions of the data, the difference between them being whether or not (fast) detector simulation was performed. Those with the detector simulation have the "_delphes" suffix in their filenames. Both versions are produced from the same set of generator-level events.</p> <ul> <li>13 TeV center-of-mass energy, fully hadronic top quark decays, simulated with Pythia8. <ul> <li>Events are generated with leading top quark pT in [550,650] GeV.</li> <li>Where applicable, detector simulation is done using Delphes, with the ATLAS detector card.</li> </ul> </li> <li>Clustering of particles/objects is done using the anti-kT algorithm, with <span class="math-tex">\(R=0.8\)</span>. <ul> <li>For the data without detector simulation, the inputs to clustering are the stable, visible final-state particles from Pythia8.</li> <li>For the data with detector simulation, the inputs are calorimeter towers (`Towers`) from Delphes.</li> </ul> </li> <li>Each entry corresponds with a single jet. <ul> <li>All jets are matched to a parton-level top quark within <span class="math-tex">\(\Delta R =0.8\)</span></li> <li>Jets are required to have <span class="math-tex">\(|\eta| < 2, \; p_T > 15 \text{ GeV}\)</span></li> <li> <p>The 200 leading (highest <span class="math-tex">\(p_T\)</span>) jet constituent four-momenta are stored in Cartesian coordinates <span class="math-tex">\((E,p_x,p_y,p_z)\)</span>, sorted by decreasing <span class="math-tex">\(p_T\)</span> and with with zero-padding for jets with fewer than 200 constituents. These are stored under the key `Pmu`. The number of non-zero jet constituents is stored under the key `Nobj`.</p> </li> <li> <p>The jet four-momentum is stored in Cartesian coordinates and in cylindrical coordinates <span class="math-tex">\((p_T,\eta,\phi,m)\)</span> under keys `jet_Pmu` and `jet_Pmu_cyl`, respectively.</p> </li> <li> <p>The truth (parton-level) four-momenta of the top quark, and the bottom quark and W-boson to which it decays, are stored in Cartesian coordinates in keys `truth_Pmu_0`, `truth_Pmu_1` and `truth_Pmu_2` respectively.</p> <ul> <li> <p>In addition, these are stored together under the key `truth_Pmu`, with the corresponding PDG codes stored under the key `truth_Pdg`.</p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>The testing files `test.h5` and `test_delphes.h5` contain additional information for gauging performance, primarily on measurements of the W boson:</p> <ul> <li>In addition to the parton-level top, bottom and W-boson, the truth-level particles in `truth_Pmu` also include the two quarks from W decay, followed by up to 200 stable daughter particles from the W boson decay.</li> <li>`is_W_daughter`: An array of {0,1} indicating whether or not a particular jet constituent in `Pmu` is matched to a truth-level W daughter. <em>This particular array is only present in the testing file without detector simulation</em>.</li> <li>`jet_is_contained`: Whether or not one of the quarks from W decay has a distance from the jet center of <span class="math-tex">\(\Delta R > 0.8\)</span> .</li> <li>`jet_q_dr_max`: The maximum distance between the jet center and one of the quarks from W decay in <span class="math-tex">\((\eta,\phi)\)</span>.</li> <li>`jh_tag`: Whether or not this jet was tagged by the Johns Hopkins top tagger [2], as implemented in Fastjet.</li> <li>`jh_W_pred`: The four-momentum of the W boson candidate identified by the JH tagger (only present for tagged jets), in Cartesian coordinates.</li> <li>`jh_W_pred_constituents`: Up to 200 constituent four-momenta of the JH W boson candidate, in Cartesian coordinates.</li> <li>`jh_W_nobj`: The number of constituent four-momenta of the JH W boson candidate.</li> <li>`is_jh_constituent`: An array of {0,1} indicating whether or not a particular jet constituent in `Pmu` is matched to a JH W boson candidate constituent.</li> <li>`jh_m_pred`: The mass of the JH W boson candidate.</li> <li>`jh_pt_pred`: The <span class="math-tex">\(p_T\)</span> of the JH W boson candidate.</li> <li>`jh_m_res`: The ratio of the JH W boson candidate mass to the true W boson mass.</li> <li>`jh_pt_res`: The ratio of the JH W boson candidate <span class="math-tex">\(p_T\)</span> to the true W boson <span class="math-tex">\(p_T\)</span>.</li> <li>`jh_psi`: The lab-frame angle between the JH W boson candidate 3-momentum and the true W boson 3-momentum.</li> <li>`event_idx`: An integer indexing the event number, which may be useful for bookkeeping if splitting the testing file.</li> <li>`process_code`: The process code as given by Pythia.</li> <li>`cross_section`: The cross section estimate for the process that produced this jet, as given by Pythia. Potentially useful if combining this dataset with other datasets that involve different processes.</li> <li>`cross_section_uncertainty`: The cross section estimate uncertainty as given by Pythia.</li> <li>`mc_weight`: The generator weight for each event as given by Pythia.</li> </ul> <p>[1]: J. T. Offermann and X. Liu, <a href="https://github.com/janTOffermann/HEPData4ML">HEPData4ML</a>, (2022).<br> [2]: D. E. Kaplan, K. Rehermann, M. D. Schwartz, and B. Tweedie, Top Tagging: A Method for Identifying Boosted Hadronically Decaying Top Quarks, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 142001 (2008).</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.