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Figs 7–9 in Taxonomy of the Myrmicine ant genus Temnothorax Mayr, 1861 (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) in the Arabian Peninsula

Figs 7–9. Temnothorax liviae (Agosti & Collingwood, 2011) comb. nov., queen (CASENT0102699). 7. Body in profile. 8. Body in dorsal view. 9. Head in frontal view.

Figs 4–6 in Taxonomy of the Myrmicine ant genus Temnothorax Mayr, 1861 (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) in the Arabian Peninsula

Figs 4–6. Temnothorax liviae (Agosti & Collingwood, 2011) comb. nov., holotype, worker (CASENT0102700). 4. Body in profile. 5. Body in dorsal view. 6. Head in frontal view.

Figs 16–18 in Taxonomy of the Myrmicine ant genus Temnothorax Mayr, 1861 (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) in the Arabian Peninsula

Figs 16–18. Tetramorium saudiae (Collingwood & Agosti, 1996), holotype, worker (CASENT0922184). 16. Body in profile.17. Body in dorsal view. 18. Head in frontal view.

Figs 13–15 in Taxonomy of the Myrmicine ant genus Temnothorax Mayr, 1861 (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) in the Arabian Peninsula

Figs 13–15. Temnothorax megalops (Hamann & Klemm, 1967), queen (CASENT0712600). 13. Body in profile. 14. Body in dorsal view. 15. Head in frontal view.

Fig. 12 in Phylogenomic Species Delimitation, Taxonomy, and 'Bird Guide' Identification for the Neotropical Ant Genus Rasopone (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 12. Distribution map, face view, and lateral view of petiole of Rasopone JTL030 (worker, Panama, CASENT0633075), R. JTL037 (worker, Guatemala, CASENT0625283), R. mesoamericana (holotype worker), and R. JTL029 (worker, Panama, CASENT0633053). On distribution maps, red dots are sites with UCE sequence data. Red boxes are type locality.

Fig. 13 in Phylogenomic Species Delimitation, Taxonomy, and 'Bird Guide' Identification for the Neotropical Ant Genus Rasopone (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 13. Distribution map, face view, and lateral view of petiole of Rasopone cubitalis (holotype worker), R. titanis (worker, Mexico, Chiapas, MCZ-ENT00716640), R. breviscapa (holotype queen), and R. rupinicola (worker, Colombia, face view MCZ-ENT00716589, petiole CASENT0217567). On distribution maps, red dots are sites with UCE sequence data. Red boxes are type locality.

Fig. 11 in Phylogenomic Species Delimitation, Taxonomy, and 'Bird Guide' Identification for the Neotropical Ant Genus Rasopone (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 11. Distribution map, face view, and lateral view of petiole of Rasopone ferruginea (worker, Nicaragua, CASENT0644264), R. JTL040 (worker, Colombia, MCZ-ENT00716609), R. JTL041 (worker, Colombia, MCZ-ENT00716614), and R. costaricensis form a (worker, Costa Rica, INB0003659312). On distribution maps, red dots are sites with UCE sequence data. Red boxes are type locality (type locality for R. ferruginea is 'Mexico').

Fig. 8 in Phylogenomic Species Delimitation, Taxonomy, and 'Bird Guide' Identification for the Neotropical Ant Genus Rasopone (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 8. Distribution map, face view, and lateral view of petiole of Rasopone lunaris (worker, Brazil, Minas Gerais CASENT0644556), R. guatemalensis (holotype worker), R. costaricensis form c (worker, Costa Rica, INB0003659307), and R. JTL027 (worker, Panama, CASENT0633216). On distribution maps, red dots are sites with UCE sequence data. Red boxes are type locality.

Fig. 7 in Phylogenomic Species Delimitation, Taxonomy, and 'Bird Guide' Identification for the Neotropical Ant Genus Rasopone (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 7. Distribution map, face view, and lateral view of petiole of Rasopone MAS010 (worker, Costa Rica, 08COSTA-1723), R. cryptergates (worker, Costa Rica, INB0003660648), R. JTL042 (worker, Colombia, MCZ-ENT00716611), and R. JTL034 (worker, Mexico, CASENT0640282). On distribution maps, red dots are sites with UCE sequence data. Red boxes are type locality.

Fig. 2 in Phylogenomic Species Delimitation, Taxonomy, and 'Bird Guide' Identification for the Neotropical Ant Genus Rasopone (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 2. Phylogeny of Rasopone, Mayaponera, and selected outgroup taxa, inferred using the program IQ-TREE and 1,802 UCE loci. Node support values (ultrafast bootstrap/SH-like) <100/100 are depicted with red dots. Terminal names show original, morphology-based species assignments and depict morphological convergence across clades. The 'EX#' code in terminal names indicate unique extraction codes that link specimens to specimen data in provided tables. Simopelta andersoni, a distant outgroup, is not shown in the figure. Images depict workers of Rasopone ferruginea (Nicaragua, CASENT0644264), Mayponera becculata (Peru, CASENT0374638, modified from AntWeb, credit Michele Esposito), and Mayaponera constricta (Bolivia, CASENT0249137, modified from AntWeb, credit Ryan Perry).

Fig. 1 in Phylogenomic Species Delimitation, Taxonomy, and 'Bird Guide' Identification for the Neotropical Ant Genus Rasopone (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 1. Characteristics of Rasopone species. (A) Habitus. (B) Scale-like petiole, showing definitions of petiole height (PTH) and petiole length (PTL), and the distinctive shape of the sternite. (C) Petiolar node intermediate between scale-like and cuboidal. (D) Cuboidal petiolar node. (E) Anterior clypeal margin truncate, with angulate lateral lobes. (F) Anterior clypeal margin sinuous, with rounded lateral lobes.

Fig. 6 in Phylogenomic Species Delimitation, Taxonomy, and 'Bird Guide' Identification for the Neotropical Ant Genus Rasopone (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 6. Distribution map, face view, and lateral view of petiole of Rasopone pluviselva (holotype worker), R. minuta (worker, Mexico, Chiapas, CASENT0609834), R. JTL043 (worker, Ecuador, MCZ-ENT00716620), and R. JTL048 (worker, French Guiana, CASENT0645961). On distribution maps, red dots are sites with UCE sequence data. Red boxes are type locality.

Fig. 4 in Phylogenomic Species Delimitation, Taxonomy, and 'Bird Guide' Identification for the Neotropical Ant Genus Rasopone (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 4. Dealate queen of Rasopone ferruginea (Nicaragua, CASENT0624181). Scale bars are 0.5 mm for face view, 1.0 mm for dorsal and lateral views.

Fig. 5 in Phylogenomic Species Delimitation, Taxonomy, and 'Bird Guide' Identification for the Neotropical Ant Genus Rasopone (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 5. Male of Rasopone mesoamericana sp. nov. (Nicaragua, CASENT0627722). Scale bars are 0.5 mm for face view, 1.0 mm for dorsal and lateral views.

Fig. 3. Phylogenetic relationships among a in Phylogenomic Species Delimitation, Taxonomy, and 'Bird Guide' Identification for the Neotropical Ant Genus Rasopone (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 3. Phylogenetic relationships among a curated set of COI barcode sequences for Rasopone. Black samples were sequenced for UCEs. Red samples were downloaded from the BOLD database.The tree was inferred using IQ-TREE with the data partitioned by codon position. Black circles on nodes indicate high support, which we define as ≥95% ultrafast bootstrap support and ≥95% SH-like branch support.Terminal names match taxonomic changes proposed in paper and provide useful sample identifiers (e.g., extraction codes [EX#] or BOLD process IDs).A complete, unpruned COI tree is available in Supp Fig. S1 (online only).

Figs 54–55. Dyscolus spp., habitus. 54. D in Integrative taxonomy of the genus Dyscolus (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Platynini) in Ecuadorian Andes

Figs 54–55. Dyscolus spp., habitus. 54. D. verecundior Moret sp. nov., male holotype (MNHN, COI voucher PM136-04). 55. D. verecundissimus Moret sp. nov., male holotype (MNHN).

Figs 29–31. 29 in Integrative taxonomy of the genus Dyscolus (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Platynini) in Ecuadorian Andes

Figs 29–31. 29. Dyscolus crespoae Moret sp. nov., habitus of the female holotype (QACZ). 30– 31. D. ravidus Moret sp. nov. 30. Habitus of the male holotype (QACZ). 31. Aedeagus, median lobe in lateral view.

Figs 45–50 in Integrative taxonomy of the genus Dyscolus (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Platynini) in Ecuadorian Andes

Figs 45–50. Dyscolus spp., habitus (45–47) and aedeagus, median lobe in lateral view (48–50). 45. D. denigratus (Bates, 1891), male specimen from Guamaní. 46. D. denigratus, male specimen from Guagua Pichincha (type locality). 47. D. palatus Moret, 1998, male paratype from Atacazo. 48– 50. D. denigratus. 48. From Guamaní. 49. From Cotacachi. 50. From Guagua Pichincha.

Figs 36–41 in Integrative taxonomy of the genus Dyscolus (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Platynini) in Ecuadorian Andes

Figs 36–41. Dyscolus spp., habitus (36–38) and aedeagus, median lobe in lateral view (39–40) and apex of the median lobe (41). 36. Dyscolus arauzae Moret sp. nov., male holotype (QCAZ). 37. D. piscator Moret sp. nov., male holotype (QACZ). 38. D. placitus Moret sp. nov., male holotype (MNHN). 39. D. arauzae Moret sp. nov. 40. D. piscator Moret sp. nov. 41. D. placitus Moret sp. nov. (above) and D. piscator Moret sp. nov. (below).

Figs 52–53 in Integrative taxonomy of the genus Dyscolus (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Platynini) in Ecuadorian Andes

Figs 52–53. Dyscolus silvestris Moret sp. nov., male holotype (QCAZ). 52. Habitus. 53. Male aedeagus, median lobe in lateral view.