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FIGURE 8. Scanning electron micrograph showing labium with labial palpus from paratype 1 C. formoso, l.p in Ultrastructural analysis of Coarazuphium formoso (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Zuphiini), a new Brazilian troglobitic beetle

FIGURE 8. Scanning electron micrograph showing labium with labial palpus from paratype 1 C. formoso, l.p. = labial palp. (A) Labium, dorsal view. Bar = 100µm. (B) Apex of distal palpomere. Bar = 10µm.

FIGURE 9. Scanning electron micrograph showing labrum from paratype 1 C. formoso, L in Ultrastructural analysis of Coarazuphium formoso (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Zuphiini), a new Brazilian troglobitic beetle

FIGURE 9. Scanning electron micrograph showing labrum from paratype 1 C. formoso, L = labrum. (A) Ventral view of the labrum. Bar = 100µm. (B) Close-up on ventral view of the labrum. Bar = 20µm.

FIGURE 6. Scanning electron micrograph showing mandible from paratype 1 C. formoso. P in Ultrastructural analysis of Coarazuphium formoso (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Zuphiini), a new Brazilian troglobitic beetle

FIGURE 6. Scanning electron micrograph showing mandible from paratype 1 C. formoso. P = principal tooth; b = masticator border. (A) Ventral view from right mandible. Bar = 100µm. (B) A close-up on ventral view from right mandible. Bar = 20µm. (C) Dorsal view from left mandible. Bar = 100µm. (D) A close dorsal view from left mandible. Bar = 20µm.

FIGURE 5 in Ultrastructural analysis of Coarazuphium formoso (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Zuphiini), a new Brazilian troglobitic beetle

FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrograph showing antennal segments and sensilla in paratype 1 C. formoso. s.ch. show sensilla chaetica, s.b. sensilla basiconica, s.t. trichoid sensilla, s.co. coeloconic sensilla. ACP, appendages of cuticular plates. (A) Back view from scape and pedicel. Bar = 20µm. (B) Close-up on pedicel insertion. Bar = 20µm. (C) Middle antennomer. Bar = 10µm. (D) Terminal antennomer. Bar = 20µm.

FIGURE 7. Scanning electron micrograph showing maxilla from paratype 1 C. formoso. m.p in Ultrastructural analysis of Coarazuphium formoso (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Zuphiini), a new Brazilian troglobitic beetle

FIGURE 7. Scanning electron micrograph showing maxilla from paratype 1 C. formoso. m.p. = maxillary palp; g = galea; l = lacinia. (A) Left maxilla, ventral view. Bar = 100µm. (B) Close-up on maxillary palp, view of a probable sensilla organ. Bar = 10µm. (C) A view from the apical maxillary palp. Bar = 10µm. (D) close-up on galea. Bar = 10µm. (E) Detail of the galea apices. Bar = 20µm.

FIGURE 4 in Ultrastructural analysis of Coarazuphium formoso (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Zuphiini), a new Brazilian troglobitic beetle

FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrograph showing the portion of the head from paratype 1 C. formoso, o.a. = ocular area. (A) Region of the eye. Bar = 100μm. (B) Close-up on region of the eye, ocelli absent. Bar = 10μm.

FIGURE 5 in Socotracris kleukersi n. gen. n. sp., a new troglobitic cricket from Socotra (Yemen) (Orthoptera: Grylloidea, Phalangopsidae)

FIGURE 5. Type locality of Socotracris kleukersi n. gen., n. sp. and its surroundings. A, vicinity of type locality at Wadi Zerik, Diksam, Socotra; B–D, type locality, cave at Wadi Zerik, Diksam; E, nymph of Socotracris kleukersi n. gen., n. sp. predated by a salticid spider at type locality. Photos Rob Felix.

FIGURE 4. Socotracris kleukersi n. gen., n in Socotracris kleukersi n. gen. n. sp., a new troglobitic cricket from Socotra (Yemen) (Orthoptera: Grylloidea, Phalangopsidae)

FIGURE 4. Socotracris kleukersi n. gen., n. sp. A–C, male genitalia, lateral (A), dorsal (B), ventral (C) views; D–F, female copulatory papilla, dorsal (D), ventral (E), lateral (F) views; G–H, male subgenital plate, ventral (G), lateral (H) views; I, male supra anal plate; J, female subgenital plate, ventral view; K, female ovipositor, lateral view. Abbreviations: ec a, ectophallic apodeme; ec f, ectophallic fold; en a, endophallic apodeme; en s, endophallic sclerite; ps l, pseudepiphallic lophi; ps p, pseudepiphallic paramere; ps s, pseudepiphallic sclerite; r, rami; v v, ventral valves. Scale bars, 1 mm.

FIGURE 2. Socotracris kleukersi n. gen., n in Socotracris kleukersi n. gen. n. sp., a new troglobitic cricket from Socotra (Yemen) (Orthoptera: Grylloidea, Phalangopsidae)

FIGURE 2. Socotracris kleukersi n. gen., n. sp., male holotype. A, head dorsum; B, face coloration; C, pronotum and head, lateral; E, pronotum, dorsal; F, glandular area on metanotum. Female allotype. D, left hind leg, outer side. Photos Roy Kleukers.

FIGURE 1. Socotracris kleukersi n. gen., n in Socotracris kleukersi n. gen. n. sp., a new troglobitic cricket from Socotra (Yemen) (Orthoptera: Grylloidea, Phalangopsidae)

FIGURE 1. Socotracris kleukersi n. gen., n. sp. in its native habitat at the type locality, cave Wadi Zerik, Socotra. A-B, male, dorsal (A), lateral (B); C, female; D, nymph. Photos Rob Felix.

FIGURE 3. Socotracris kleukersi n. gen., n in Socotracris kleukersi n. gen. n. sp., a new troglobitic cricket from Socotra (Yemen) (Orthoptera: Grylloidea, Phalangopsidae)

FIGURE 3. Socotracris kleukersi n. gen., n. sp. A–B, male forewings, lateral (A), dorsal (B) fields; C, right female forewing (dotted line: symetry axis on female dorsum; arrow, limit between dorsal and lateral fields); D–E, spurs and spines of female hindtibia, outer (D), inner (E) margins. Abbreviations: Forewing venation, h, harp; mi, mirror; others, see text; is / ia, inner subapical / apical spurs; oa / os, outer apical / subapical spurs; d, dorsal; m, median; v, ventral. Symbol: arrow, limit between FW dorsal and lateral fields.Scale bars, 1 mm.

FIGURE 9. G. s p e l a e u s n in The first troglobitic Glomeridesmus from Brazil, and a template for a modern taxonomic description of Glomeridesmida (Diplopoda)

FIGURE 9. G. s p e l a e u s n. sp., paratype males, SEM, telopod, posterior view. A: right telopod, podomeres 2–4 (ZFMK Myr0936); B: left telopod, podomeres 2–4 (ISLA 3838); C: right telopod, podomere 2, detail of swollen membranous area (ZFMK Myr0936); D: right telopod, detail of podomere 3 & 4(ZFMK Myr0936). Abbreviations: mem = membranous area; pro = process of podomere 3; roman numerals refer to podomere number. Scale bars: A = 100 µm; B = 100 µm; C = 20 µm; D = 40µm.

FIGURE 6. G. spelaeus n in The first troglobitic Glomeridesmus from Brazil, and a template for a modern taxonomic description of Glomeridesmida (Diplopoda)

FIGURE 6. G. spelaeus n. sp., paratype male (ZFMK Myr0936), SEM, midbody tergite. A: dorsal view; B: lateral view; C: sclerotized knob with setae; D: posterior margin, 'limbus'; E: anterior margin. Abbreviations: ant = anterior; s = (sensorial) seta; str = stria; arrow points to oral side. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 100 µm; C = 10 µm; D = 100 µm; E = 200 µm.

FIGURE 8. G. s p e l a e u s n in The first troglobitic Glomeridesmus from Brazil, and a template for a modern taxonomic description of Glomeridesmida (Diplopoda)

FIGURE 8. G. s p e l a e u s n. sp., paratype males, SEM, telopod, anterior view. A: left telopod with syncoxite and inner horns (ZFMK Myr0936); B: right telopod, podomeres 2–4, (ISLA 3838); C: right telopod, podomere 2, detail of swollen membranous area (ZFMK Myr0936). Abbreviations: IH = inner horns; mem = membranous area; roman numerals refer to podomere number. Scale bars: A = 300 µm; B = 30 µm; C = 50 µm.

FIGURE 5. G. spelaeus n in The first troglobitic Glomeridesmus from Brazil, and a template for a modern taxonomic description of Glomeridesmida (Diplopoda)

FIGURE 5. G. spelaeus n. sp., paratype male (ZFMK Myr0936), SEM. A: right male leg 2, posterior view; B: gonopore; C: tarsus 2 with tarsal claw, apical spine and paranychium; D: midbody tergite, underside; E: detail of anterior margin of underside; F: detail of posterior margin of underside, 'endotergum'. Abbreviations: Apo = tracheal apodeme; Cx-St = coxosternite; F = femur; Go = gonopore; Par = paranychium; poF = postfemur; prF = prefemur; Ta = tarsus; Ti = Tibia. Scale bars: A = 300 µm; B = 30 µm; C = 60 µm; D = 200 µm; E = 20 µm; F = 8 µm.

FIGURE 7. G. s p e l a e u s n in The first troglobitic Glomeridesmus from Brazil, and a template for a modern taxonomic description of Glomeridesmida (Diplopoda)

FIGURE 7. G. s p e l a e u s n. sp., paratype male (ZFMK Myr0936), SEM. A: last pair of walking legs (34) in oral view with sternite and subanal plate; B: anal shield, dorsal view, line marks part covered by last tergite (19). Abbreviations: Cx-St? = coxosternite; F = femur; poF = postfemur; prF = prefemur; s = field of small setae; S = isolated long setae, sp = spine-like claw; St = sternite; sub = subanal plate. Scale bars = 200 µm.

FIGURE 4. G. s p e l a e u s n in The first troglobitic Glomeridesmus from Brazil, and a template for a modern taxonomic description of Glomeridesmida (Diplopoda)

FIGURE 4. G. s p e l a e u s n. sp., A–D paratype male (ZFMK Myr0936), E paratype female (ISLA 3838) SEM. A: leg pairs 4–7 with latero-tergites; B: coxosternite 6 with stigma opening; C: coxal pouch 7; D: midbody latero-tergite of male; E: endbody latero-tergite female. Abbreviations: cp = coxal pouch; Cx-St = coxosternite; F = femur; LT = latero-tergite; poF = postfemur; prF = prefemur; st = stigma; Ta = tarsus; Ti = Tibia; numbers refer to leg pair number. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 80 µm; C = 30 µm; D = 100 µm; E = 100 µm.

FIGURE 3. G. s p e l a e u s n in The first troglobitic Glomeridesmus from Brazil, and a template for a modern taxonomic description of Glomeridesmida (Diplopoda)

FIGURE 3. G. s p e l a e u s n. sp., paratype female (ISLA 3837), SEM. A: midbody segment, anterior (oral) view; B: coxosternites and prefemur of 2nd leg with ovipositor, posterior view; C: head, ventral view; D: right organ of Tömösváry, lateral view; E: head, dorsal view; F: antenna, antennomere 7 and disc, lateral view; G: gnathochilarium, underside. Abbreviations: C&P = tarsal claw and paranychium; Ca = cardines of gnathochilarium; Ca1 = cardo, basal mandible joint 1; Ca2? = either cardo (joint 1) or stipites (joint 2) of mandible; cP = central pads, modified central palpi; Cx-St = coxosternite; F = femur; Gn = gnathochilarium; iP = inner palpi; La = labrum; LL = lamella linguales; LP = lateral palpi; LT = latero-tergite; Me = mentum; O = ovipositor; Pl = plate covering organ of TO; poF = postfemur; prF = prefemur; St = stipes of gnathochilarium; sc = apical cones; St? = sternite?; T = tergite; Ta = tarsus; Ti = Tibia; TO = organ of Tömösváry; roman numerals refer to number of antennomeres. Scale bars: A = 200 µm; B = 100 µm; C = 200 µm; D = 20 µm; E = 200 µm; F = 20 µm; G = 100 µm.

FIGURE 1 in The first troglobitic Glomeridesmus from Brazil, and a template for a modern taxonomic description of Glomeridesmida (Diplopoda)

FIGURE 1. Distribution map of Glomeridesmus spelaeus n. sp.. Stars and SL # refer to caves. Specimens were found yearround in SL31 (type locality), in the other caves only during wet season.

FIGURE 2 in The first troglobitic Glomeridesmus from Brazil, and a template for a modern taxonomic description of Glomeridesmida (Diplopoda)

FIGURE 2. Glomeridesmus spelaeus, living specimens. First published pictures of living Glomeridesmida. arrows point to eggs and and intestine. Note the large eggs. Intestine not straight tube but folded.