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2,214 results for “Walls”
FIG. 14 in New species and new status of Urophyllum Wall. (Rubiaceae) from Cambodia and Viêtnam
FIG. 14. — Holotype of Urophyllum pseudoschmidtii Yooprasert, Culham, Yahara, Tagane & Utteridge, sp. nov.
FIG. 12 in New species and new status of Urophyllum Wall. (Rubiaceae) from Cambodia and Viêtnam
FIG. 12. — Holotype of Urophyllum pulchristipulum Yooprasert, Culham & Utteridge, sp. nov. Digitised image from Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (E), Specimen E00220453 (http://data.rbge.org.uk/herb/E00220453).
FIG. 7 in New species and new status of Urophyllum Wall. (Rubiaceae) from Cambodia and Viêtnam
FIG. 7. — Urophyllum brochidodromum Yooprasert, Culham & Utteridge, sp. nov., illustration of pistillate plant: A, fruiting branch; B, stipule and abaxial petiole; C, adaxial petiole; D, young stem; E, infructescence; F, fruit; G, seed; H, leaf lamina, adaxial side showing midrib and secondary veins (H1) and abaxial side showing midrib and veins (H2). Drawn by Mahsarahka Rungkrajang. Drawn from Averyanov et al. VH 1648. Scale bars: A, 1 cm; B, C, 2 mm; D, F, 1 mm; E, 3 mm; G, 0.5 mm; H1, 1.5 mm; H2, 5 mm.
FIG. 6 in New species and new status of Urophyllum Wall. (Rubiaceae) from Cambodia and Viêtnam
FIG. 6. — Occurrences of Urophyllum bidoupense Yooprasert, Culham & Utteridge, sp. nov. () and U. chinense Merr. & Chun subsp. latistipulum Yooprasert, Culham, Yahara & Utteridge, subsp. nov. ().
FIG. 1. — A-D in New species and new status of Urophyllum Wall. (Rubiaceae) from Cambodia and Viêtnam
FIG. 1. — A-D, Stipule shape and indumentum:A, ovate and hairy along midline (Urophyllum chinense Merr.& Chun subsp. latistipulum Yooprasert,Culham,Yahara & Utteridge, subsp. nov.); B, oblong-lanceolate and subglabrous, hairy only at apex (U. bidoupense Yooprasert, Culham & Utteridge, sp. nov.); C, linear-lanceolate and hairy all over (U. brochidodromum Yooprasert, Culham & Utteridge, sp. nov.); D, subcordate and glabrous (U. pulchristipulum Yooprasert, Culham & Utteridge, sp. nov.); E-G, secondary venation and looping patterns: E, weakly brochidodromous (U. bidoupense Yooprasert, Culham & Utteridge, sp. nov.); F, festooned brochidodromous (U. pseudoschmidtii Yooprasert, Culham, Yahara, Tagane & Utteridge, sp. nov.); G, conspicuously brochidodromous (U. brochidodromum Yooprasert, Culham & Utteridge, sp. nov.); H, I, calyx lobe morphology: H, teeth (U. bidoupense Yooprasert, Culham & Utteridge, sp. nov.); I, lobes (U. argenteum Pit.); J, K, abaxial corolla hair distribution: J, glabrous (U. bidoupense Yooprasert, Culham & Utteridge, sp. nov.); K, hairy (U. lecomtei Pit.). Scale bars: 5 mm.
FIG. 11 in New species and new status of Urophyllum Wall. (Rubiaceae) from Cambodia and Viêtnam
FIG. 11. — Urophyllum pulchristipulum Yooprasert, Culham & Utteridge, sp. nov.: A, fruiting branch; B, stipule; C, petiole, adaxial view (C1), side view (C2); D, infructescence; E, abaxial leaf lamina. Drawn by Mahsarahka Rungkrajang. Drawn from Thomas et al. 26. Scale bars: A, 1 cm; B, C, 0.5 mm; D, E, 3 mm.
FIG. 4 in New species and new status of Urophyllum Wall. (Rubiaceae) from Cambodia and Viêtnam
FIG. 4. — Urophyllum bidoupense Yooprasert, Culham & Utteridge, sp. nov.: A, flowering branch; B, stipules; C, abaxial leaf lamina; D-J, pistillate plant: D, inflorescence; E, flower bud; F, staminode; G, immature stigma positioning in a flower; H, stigma; I, fruit; J, seed, top view (J1) and side view (J2); K-O, staminate plant: K, flower bud; L, stamen; M, corolla, adaxial side (M1) and abaxial side (M2); N, corolla opened out to show stamens and throat hairs arrangement; O, calyx and pistillode. Drawn by Mahsarahka Rungkrajang. Drawn from: A, H, I, Averyanov et al. VH 4154; B-G, O, Yooprasert et al. VN 91-1; J-N, Yooprasert et al. VN 87-1. Scale bars: A, 2 cm; B, 4 mm; C, 5 mm; D, 3 mm; E, G, I, K, M-O, 1 mm; F, H, J, L, 0.5 mm.
FIG. 9 in New species and new status of Urophyllum Wall. (Rubiaceae) from Cambodia and Viêtnam
FIG. 9. — Urophyllum chinense Merr. & Chun subsp. latistipulum Yooprasert, Culham, Yahara & Utteridge, subsp. nov., illustration from pistillate plant: A, flowering branch; B, stem and stipule scar; C, stipule; D, abaxial leaf lamina; E, petiole, abaxial side (E1) and adaxial side (E2); F, inflorescence; G, flower bud; H, staminode; I, adaxial corolla showing staminodes and throat hairs arrangement; J, immature stigma positioning in a flower; K, fruit; L, seed. Drawn by Mahsarahka Rungkrajang. Drawn from Yooprasert et al. VN 112-2. Scale bars: A, 1 cm; B, C, E-G, K, 3 mm; D, 5 mm; H, L, 0.5 mm; I, J, 1 mm.
FIG. 2B in New species and new status of Urophyllum Wall. (Rubiaceae) from Cambodia and Viêtnam
FIG. 2B. — Detail of Fig. 2A. Digitised image from Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (France), Collection: Vascular plants (P), Specimen P03922480.
FIG. 3 in New species and new status of Urophyllum Wall. (Rubiaceae) from Cambodia and Viêtnam
FIG. 3. — Occurrences of Urophyllum annamense (Pierre ex Pit.) Yooprasert, Culham & Utteridge, stat. nov. (), U. brochidodromum Yooprasert, Culham & Utteridge, sp. nov. (), U. pulchristipulum Yooprasert, Culham & Utteridge, sp. nov. () and U. pseudoschmidtii Yooprasert, Culham, Yahara, Tagane & Utteridge, sp. nov. ().
FIG. 13 in New species and new status of Urophyllum Wall. (Rubiaceae) from Cambodia and Viêtnam
FIG. 13. — Urophyllum pseudoschmidtii Yooprasert, Culham, Yahara, Tagane & Utteridge, sp. nov.: A, flowering branch; B, stipules; C, petioles; D, young stem; E-I, pistillate plant: E, inflorescences; F, flower bud; G, stigma positioning in a flower; H, adaxial corolla showing throat hairs arrangement; I, staminode; J-N, staminate plant: J, inflorescence; K, flower bud; L, opening flower (top view); M, corolla, abaxial side (M1), adaxial side showing stamens and throat hairs arrangement (M2); N, stamen; O, leaf lamina, abaxial side (O1) and adaxial side (O2). Drawn by Mahsarahka Rungkrajang. Drawn from: A-I, O, Yahara et al. V 5618a; J-M, Yahara et al. V 5618b. Scale bars: A, 1 cm; B-E, O, 3 mm; F-H, M, J-L, 1 mm; I, N, 0.5 mm.
Data from: Effect of altitude on volatile organic and phenolic compounds of artemisia brevifolia wall ex Dc. from the Western Himalayas
<p>Adaptation to changing environmental conditions is a driver of plant diversification. Elevational gradients offer a unique opportunity for investigating adaptation to a range of climatic conditions. The use of specialized metabolites as volatile and phenolic compounds is a major adaptation in plants, affecting their reproductive success and survival by attracting pollinators and protecting themselves from herbivores and other stressors. The wormseed <em>Artemisia brevifolia</em> can be found across multiple elevations in the Western Himalayas, a region that is considered a biodiversity hotspot and is highly impacted by climate change. This study aims at understanding the volatile and phenolic compounds produced by <em>A. brevifolia </em>in the high elevation cold deserts of the Western Himalayas with the view to understanding the survival strategies employed by plants under harsh conditions. Across four sampling sites with different elevations, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sampling and subsequent GCMS analyses showed that the total number of volatile compounds in the plant headspace increased with elevation and that this trend was largely driven by an increase in compounds with low volatility, which might improve the plant's resilience to abiotic stress. HPLC analyses showed no effect of elevation on the total number of phenolic compounds detected in both young and mature leaves. However, the concentration of the majority of phenolic compounds decreased with elevation. As the production of phenolic defense compounds is a costly trait, plants at higher elevations might face a trade-off between energy expenditure and protecting themselves from herbivores. This study can therefore help us understand how plants adjust secondary metabolite production to cope with harsh environments and reveal the climate adaptability of such species in highly threatened regions of our planet such as the Himalayas.</p>
Crater Populations on the Walls of Complex Craters found near the Lunar Southern Pole
<p>Date: June 23, 2022<br> Authors: C. L. Talkington and P. E. Montalvo<br> Notes: Data sets contain crater counts on floors of 16 lunar south polar complex craters and surface slopes at all counted craters. </p> <p>Data sets in crater_data.xlsx are updated from the previous version to improve the model age calculation. The current version uses an approach using Poisson’s statistics (Michael and Neukum, 2010; Michael et al., 2016).</p> <p>ArcMap 10.7.1 was used in addition to the CraterTools Add in toolset (Kniessl et al., 2011) and DEM data from the PDS Geosciences Node (https://pds-geosciences.wustl.edu/lro/lro-l-lola-3-rdr-v1/lrolol_1xxx/data/lola_gdr/polar/jp2/) to visualize the craters.Complex craters were selected from previous studies (Cannon et al., 2020; Deutsch et al., 2020; Tye et al., 2015) as regions of interest. The counts from this work span the walls of 16 complex craters found near the lunar southern pole, while those cited refer to the floor regions (Cannon et al., 2020; Deutsch et al., 2020), or the entire crater (Tye et al., 2015). Craters were included within the analysis from definitions described by Deutsch et al., (2020) as circular features with central depressions. We considered primary craters only, and those with morphologies reflecting secondary crater populations (crater chains or clusters) were omitted. Crater sizes range from sub km range to 35 km in diameter. Their slope conditions range from very shallow to very steep. </p> <p>PDS Geoscience Node DEM used ldem_80s_20m. This DEM has a resolution of 20 m/pixel and was updated 6/2/2017.<br> Data format, .csv files:<br> - Column A: Diameter. Crater diameter [km]<br> - Column B: Slope angle of crater [deg] determined by the 500 m buffer size from the determined crater radius. </p>
Hydraulic scale model experiments on the two-dimensional run-up and overtopping of solitary waves at a vertical wall and a dam-like structure
<p>This dataset includes the experimental data, which were generated during the study on the run-up and overtopping of solitary waves at the Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW), ETH Zurich.</p>
Text-fig. 7. Scanning electron micrographs (a, b, d, e, g–k), X-ray microtomographic orthoslices (c) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy orthoslices (f) of fruits and endocarps of uncertain affinity from Zliv-Řídká Blana locality. a–c: Trebecenia sarcocalis, a – tricarpellate fruit, no. NM-F 3637, b – fruits supported by pentamerous and persistent calyx, no. NMF 3637, c – fruit almost circular in transverse section, no. NM-F 3637; d: Taxon 17, small fruit with slightly sunken stylar region, no. NM-F 3201; e: Taxon 19, spherical fruit, the fruit wall composed of large isodiametric, thick walled cells, no. NM-F 3181; f: Taxon 19, single-seeded fruit, no. NM-F 3621; g: Taxon 20, syncarpous, multicarpellate fruit of ten carpels, no. NM-F 3200; h: Taxon 22, syncarpous, multicarpellate fruit of seven carpels, no. NM-F 3159; i: cf. Sabia menispermoides, endocarp of drupaceous fruits, no. NM-F 4624; j: Taxon 25, endocarp triangular in cross-section, no. NM-F 3218; k: Taxon 24, endocarp spherical in cross-section with a distinctly ribbed and foveolate surface, no. NM-F 3217. in Plant Mesofossils From The Late Cretaceous Klikov Formation, The Czech Republic
Text-fig. 7. Scanning electron micrographs (a, b, d, e, g–k), X-ray microtomographic orthoslices (c) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy orthoslices (f) of fruits and endocarps of uncertain affinity from Zliv-Řídká Blana locality. a–c: Trebecenia sarcocalis, a – tricarpellate fruit, no. NM-F 3637, b – fruits supported by pentamerous and persistent calyx, no. NMF 3637, c – fruit almost circular in transverse section, no. NM-F 3637; d: Taxon 17, small fruit with slightly sunken stylar region, no. NM-F 3201; e: Taxon 19, spherical fruit, the fruit wall composed of large isodiametric, thick walled cells, no. NM-F 3181; f: Taxon 19, single-seeded fruit, no. NM-F 3621; g: Taxon 20, syncarpous, multicarpellate fruit of ten carpels, no. NM-F 3200; h: Taxon 22, syncarpous, multicarpellate fruit of seven carpels, no. NM-F 3159; i: cf. Sabia menispermoides, endocarp of drupaceous fruits, no. NM-F 4624; j: Taxon 25, endocarp triangular in cross-section, no. NM-F 3218; k: Taxon 24, endocarp spherical in cross-section with a distinctly ribbed and foveolate surface, no. NM-F 3217.
Text-fig. 2. Scanning electron micrographs of non-angiosperm remains (a–d) and insect remains (e–f) from Zliv-Řídká Blana locality. a: Eopolytrichium sp. small leafy shoot, no. NM-F 3631; b: Taxon 1, single tip of a young fern frond with circinate vernation, no. NM-F 4130; c: Taxon 2, fern with simple leaves and circinate vernation, no. NM-F 3459; d: Pagiophyllum sp., small needle-like leaf, no. NM-F 4132; e: Microcarpolithes hexagonalis, a faecal pellet/coprolite with subcylindrical shape, no. NMF 4520; f: Palaeoaldrovanda splendens, pieces of compact walls formed by rectangular cells, no. NM-F 3237. in Plant Mesofossils From The Late Cretaceous Klikov Formation, The Czech Republic
Text-fig. 2. Scanning electron micrographs of non-angiosperm remains (a–d) and insect remains (e–f) from Zliv-Řídká Blana locality. a: Eopolytrichium sp. small leafy shoot, no. NM-F 3631; b: Taxon 1, single tip of a young fern frond with circinate vernation, no. NM-F 4130; c: Taxon 2, fern with simple leaves and circinate vernation, no. NM-F 3459; d: Pagiophyllum sp., small needle-like leaf, no. NM-F 4132; e: Microcarpolithes hexagonalis, a faecal pellet/coprolite with subcylindrical shape, no. NMF 4520; f: Palaeoaldrovanda splendens, pieces of compact walls formed by rectangular cells, no. NM-F 3237.
Text-fig. 2. Aptian to Albian Cerebropollenites taxa, all scale bars in LM and SEM overview images 10 µm, scale bars in SEM detailed images 2 µm. a–c: Cerebropollenites thiergartii from St. Pölten (Austria), a – LM image, equatorial view, b – SEM equatorial overview with visible, less sculptured leptoma, c – detail of echinate verrucae; d–f: Cerebropollenites thiergartii from Khovil basin (Mongolia), d – LM image polar view with well visible thin-walled leptoma, e – SEM of proximal polar view with faintly sculptures leptoma, f – SEM detailed view of transition from leptoma to normal sexine sculpturing; g–i: Cerebropollenites macroverrucosus from Khovil basin (Mongolia), g – LM image of oblique equatorial view, h – SEM of oblique equatorial view with concave leptoma, i – SEM detail of the rugulate to verrucate sexine and smaller sculpturing in leptoma area. in The Occurrence Of Pollen Of Sciadopityaceae Luerss. Through Time
Text-fig. 2. Aptian to Albian Cerebropollenites taxa, all scale bars in LM and SEM overview images 10 µm, scale bars in SEM detailed images 2 µm. a–c: Cerebropollenites thiergartii from St. Pölten (Austria), a – LM image, equatorial view, b – SEM equatorial overview with visible, less sculptured leptoma, c – detail of echinate verrucae; d–f: Cerebropollenites thiergartii from Khovil basin (Mongolia), d – LM image polar view with well visible thin-walled leptoma, e – SEM of proximal polar view with faintly sculptures leptoma, f – SEM detailed view of transition from leptoma to normal sexine sculpturing; g–i: Cerebropollenites macroverrucosus from Khovil basin (Mongolia), g – LM image of oblique equatorial view, h – SEM of oblique equatorial view with concave leptoma, i – SEM detail of the rugulate to verrucate sexine and smaller sculpturing in leptoma area.
Text-fig. 1. Extant Sciadopitys verticillata pollen. a–c: LM images (scale bars 10 µm), a – polar view, b – equatorial view, c – equatorial view with well visible thinning of proximal leptoma; d–e: SEM overview images (scale bar 10 µm), d – distal polar view, e – oblique equatorial view; f – equatorial view with leptoma at top; g–i: SEM detailed images (scale bars 2 µm), g – detail of verrucate, echinate, perforate sexine of distal pol, h – wall break displaying thin nexine and verrucate, echinate sexine, i – ripped open leptoma displaying transition from verrucate sculpturing to nearly psilate state. in The Occurrence Of Pollen Of Sciadopityaceae Luerss. Through Time
Text-fig. 1. Extant Sciadopitys verticillata pollen. a–c: LM images (scale bars 10 µm), a – polar view, b – equatorial view, c – equatorial view with well visible thinning of proximal leptoma; d–e: SEM overview images (scale bar 10 µm), d – distal polar view, e – oblique equatorial view; f – equatorial view with leptoma at top; g–i: SEM detailed images (scale bars 2 µm), g – detail of verrucate, echinate, perforate sexine of distal pol, h – wall break displaying thin nexine and verrucate, echinate sexine, i – ripped open leptoma displaying transition from verrucate sculpturing to nearly psilate state.
Text-fig. 5. Extant Fraxinus fruits photographed by digital camera and X-ray microscopy. a: F. excelsior L. (Sect. Fraxinus); b: F. xanthoxyloides WALL. (Sect. Sciadanthus); c: F. malacophylla HEMSL. (Sect. Ornus). Red arrow refers to the air sac above seed, scale bars = 1 cm. in Fraxinus L. (Oleaceae) Fruits From The Early Oligocene Of Southwest China And Their Biogeographic Implications
Text-fig. 5. Extant Fraxinus fruits photographed by digital camera and X-ray microscopy. a: F. excelsior L. (Sect. Fraxinus); b: F. xanthoxyloides WALL. (Sect. Sciadanthus); c: F. malacophylla HEMSL. (Sect. Ornus). Red arrow refers to the air sac above seed, scale bars = 1 cm.
Text-fig. 9. Wataria kvacekii sp. nov., UF 279-24556. a: Wood ring-porous, earlywood with 2–3 rows of wide pores, vessels solitary and in radial multiples of 2, axial parenchyma scanty vasicentric and some apotracheal diffuse-in-aggregates, TS. b: Series of vessel elements with simple perforations, axial parenchyma strands adjacent to vessels, RLS. c: Alternate intervessel pitting, vessel element end walls horizontal, RLS. d: Vessel-axial parenchyma pitting similar to intervessel pitting, RLS. e, f: Rays with tile cells, storied axial parenchyma, some strands chambered crystalliferous, TLS. g: Detail of ray, TLS. h: Storied imperforate elements. Scale bars: 200 µm in a; 100 µm in b, e; 50 µm in c, d, f, h; 20 µm in g. in A Diverse Assemblage Of Late Eocene Woods From Oregon, Western Usa
Text-fig. 9. Wataria kvacekii sp. nov., UF 279-24556. a: Wood ring-porous, earlywood with 2–3 rows of wide pores, vessels solitary and in radial multiples of 2, axial parenchyma scanty vasicentric and some apotracheal diffuse-in-aggregates, TS. b: Series of vessel elements with simple perforations, axial parenchyma strands adjacent to vessels, RLS. c: Alternate intervessel pitting, vessel element end walls horizontal, RLS. d: Vessel-axial parenchyma pitting similar to intervessel pitting, RLS. e, f: Rays with tile cells, storied axial parenchyma, some strands chambered crystalliferous, TLS. g: Detail of ray, TLS. h: Storied imperforate elements. Scale bars: 200 µm in a; 100 µm in b, e; 50 µm in c, d, f, h; 20 µm in g.
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