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200 results for “agroecosystem”
Predation on sentinel prey increases with increasing latitude in Brassica-dominated agroecosystems
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Data from: Contribution of predation to the biological control of a key herbivorous pest in citrus agroecosystems
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The common ground in landscape effects on gene flow in two newt species in an agroecosystem
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Data from: Crop rotational diversity enhances belowground communities and functions in an agroecosystem
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Heterogeneous agroecosystems support high diversity and abundance of trap nesting bees and wasps amongst tropical crops
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Data-Linking remote sensing data to the estimation of pollination services in agroecosystems
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Resistance-recovery tradeoff of soil microbial communities under altered rain regimes: An experimental test across European agroecosystems
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Persistence of seed dispersal in agroecosystems: effects of landscape modification and intensive soil management practices in avian frugivores, frugivory and seed deposition in olive croplands
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Natural enemy-herbivore networks along local management and landscape gradients in urban agroecosystems
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Data from: DNA metabarcoding as a tool for disentangling food webs in agroecosystems
<p>Better knowledge of food webs and related ecological processes is fundamental to understanding the functional role of biodiversity in ecosystems. This is particularly true for pest regulation by natural enemies in agroecosystems. However, it is generally difficult to decipher the impact of predators as they often leave no direct evidence of their activity. Metabarcoding via high throughput sequencing (HTS) offers new opportunities for unraveling trophic linkages between generalist predators and their prey, and ultimately identifying key ecological drivers of natural pest regulation. Here, this approach proved effective in deciphering the diet composition of key predatory arthropods (nine species of spiders, carabid beetles, ants, etc. – 27 prey taxa), insectivorous birds (one species, <em>Ploceus cucullatus</em>- 13 prey taxa) and bats (one species, <em>Taphozous mauritianus</em> – 103 prey taxa) sampled in a millet-based agroecosystem in Senegal. Such information enabled to inform the diet breadth or preference of predators (e.g., mainly moths for bats), to design a qualitative trophic network and to identify patterns of intraguild predation across arthropod predators, insectivorous vertebrates and parasitoids. Appropriateness and limitations of the proposed molecular-based approach for assessing the diet of crop pest predators and trophic linkages are discussed.</p>
Data from: Private land conservation has landscape-scale benefits for wildlife in agroecosystems
Private lands contain much of the world's biodiversity. Conservation of private land, especially agricultural land, is urgent yet challenging because of the diverse priorities of landowners. Local effects of farmland conservation programmes have been evaluated thoroughly, but population-level response to these programmes may depend on effects that extend beyond targeted land parcels. We investigated the landscape-scale effects of a grassland conservation initiative, the Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP), on a socially and economically important gamebird, the Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus). Barriers to assessing population-level response to conservation include determining the spatial scale at which a species responds to environmental change (the scale of effect) and untangling density-dependent processes. We performed point counts over 6 years at 247 sites with similar local CREP density but varying landscape-scale CREP density. We used an open-population distance sampling model to evaluate population response to landscape-level CREP density and to forecast population densities under differing re-enrollment scenarios. Our model included kernel smoothing techniques to estimate scale of effect and an estimator of the strength of density dependence. Density dependence moderated the effectiveness of the CREP, but overall populations responded positively to increasing landscape-scale CREP density. We estimated that at least 5% of the landscape needs to be in CREP to meet population density goals of 0.25 bobwhite/ha. Conservatively, we recommend 10% of the landscape to be in CREP. Our percent cover recommendations are based on a distance-weighted average of CREP around focal sites. Landscape-scale effects diminished with distance. For example, assuming all else is equal, a CREP field 3000 m away had 88% less of an effect on local abundance than a field 1000 m away. Fields farther than 5000 m away had no effect on local abundance. Synthesis and applications. Our study underscores the importance of a landscape-scale approach to farmland conservation. Benefits of these programmes can extend beyond the local scale, but their importance to local populations diminishes with distance. Estimating the relationship between increasing distance and the utility of conservation land to local populations could provide land managers a practical framework in which to target land enrollment to maximize biodiversity outcomes.
Supplementary Material 1 related to: Distribution of pesticides in agroecosystem food webs differ among trophic groups and between annual and perennial crops.
<p>Supplementary Material 1 related to the publication:</p><p>Radek Michalko, Luboš Purchart, Jakub Hofman & Ondřej Košulič. Distribution of pesticides in agroecosystem food webs differ among trophic groups and between annual and perennial crops. <i>Agronomy for Sustainable Development</i>, xx: xx.</p><p>The repository contains the comprehensive list of applied and detected pesticide compounds, including their metabolites detected during the study. The data obtained were used to compare the application by farmers with the pesticide residues detected.</p><p><strong>Table caption:</strong></p><p><i><strong>Location number/type</strong></i><strong> - shows the localities with annual or perennial crops; </strong><i><strong>Crop type</strong></i><strong> - shows the type of crops (vineyards, orchards, oilseed rape, wheat, barley, pea, mustard and sugar beet); </strong><i><strong>Applied by farmers</strong></i><strong> - shows the list of pesticides used by farmers; </strong><i><strong>Pesticide type</strong></i><strong> - shows type of pesticides (e.g. herbicide, fungicide, insecticide, etc.); </strong><i><strong>Year of Application</strong></i><strong> - shows what year the respective pesticide was applied; </strong><i><strong>Detection </strong></i><strong>- shows what pesticide residues were detected in respective locality (green colour indicates molecules that were not applied by farmers).</strong></p>
Figure 1 in Phenology and impact of abiotic factors with a temporal lag on the abundance of common crab spider, Xysticus cristatus (Clerck, 1757) (Araneae: Thomisidae) in the agroecosystems of Kashmir
Figure 1. Survey areas of Xysticus cristatus in Kashmir valley (ArcGIS package-version 10.2.2).
Fig. 2 in Helminth communities from amphibians inhabiting agroecosystems in the Pampean Region (Argentina)
Fig. 2. Contribution of each group of helminths to the proportion of the total of infected individuals for each host species.
The abundance and diversity of native bees in prairie agroecosystems Samantha Morrice thesis raw data
<p class="MsoNormal">Habitat loss due to agricultural intensification has negative implications for native bee communities throughout Western Canada. Wetland remnants are a common feature within the Prairie Pothole Region of Saskatchewan and are threatened due to continued conversion to agricultural land. Approximately sixty-one million acres of land are dedicated to agriculture in Saskatchewan. Wetlands and field margins in this region are embedded in these agricultural matrices and may act as important nesting and floral resources for many native bee taxa.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The purpose of this study was to determine whether conserved habitats, such as wetlands and field margins, in highly cultivated landscapes support native bee and pollinator diversity, which is expected to be ecologically and economically beneficial. I also examined differences in bee abundance and diversity across three crop types to explore the roles different crop types might play as a habitat or feeding resource for native bees. Bees were sampled from wetland and field margins into the surrounding cropland across two growing seasons in three crop types (canola, cereals and semi-natural re-seeded forage) to quantify the role that wetlands, field margins and crop types play in supporting native bee populations.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">I found that the diversity and abundance of native bees collected from natural and semi-natural edge habitat was higher than that collected in-field. Areas with a higher availability of nesting resources tended to support a higher diversity of bee genera. Unmanaged semi-natural re-seeded forage sites supported a higher abundance and diversity of bees than canola and cereal crops. Finally, we found that bee community structure differed significantly between years, likely due to differences in temperature and precipitation.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Results of this study suggest that native bees may be using edge habitat for nesting and floral resources. Bees nesting in these areas may in turn provide pollination to agricultural crops through a "spill-over" effect. This project has improved our understanding of native bee communities and the value of management practices that promote sustainable agricultural production through pollination services. These results further support the need for management of agricultural cropland that preserves semi-natural habitat that is integral to native bee functional diversity.</p>
Data for: An aggressive non-consumptive effect mediates pest control and multi-predator interactions in a coffee agroecosystem
<p class="MsoNormal">Natural pest control is an alternative to pesticide use in agriculture, which may help to curb insect declines and promote crop production. Non-consumptive interactions in natural pest control, which historically have received far less attention than consumptive interactions, may have distinct impacts on pest damage suppression and may also mediate positive multi-predator interactions. Additionally, when non-consumptive effects are driven by natural enemy aggression, variation in alternative resources for enemies may impact the strength of pest control. Here we study control of the coffee berry borer (CBB), <em>Hypothenemus hampei</em>, by a keystone arboreal ant species, <em>Azteca sericeasur</em>, which exhibits a non-consumptive effect on CBB by throwing them off coffee plants. We conducted two experiments to investigate: 1) if the strength of this behavior is driven by spatial or temporal variability in scale insect density (an alternative resource which <em>Azteca</em> tends for honeydew), 2) if this behavior mediates positive interactions between <em>Azteca</em> and other ground-foraging ants, and 3) the effect this behavior has on the overall suppression of CBB damage in multi-predator scenarios. Our behavioral experiment showed that nearly all interactions between <em>Azteca</em> and CBB are non-consumptive and that this behavior occurs more frequently in the dry season and with higher densities of scale insects on coffee branches. Our multi-predator experiment revealed that borers thrown off coffee plants by <em>Azteca</em> can survive and potentially damage other nearby plants but may be suppressed by ground-foraging ants. Although we found no non-additive effects between <em>Azteca</em> and ground-foraging ants on overall CBB damage, together, both species resulted in the lowest level of plant damage with the subsequent reduction in "spillover" damage caused by thrown CBB, indicating spatial complementarity between predators. These results present a unique case of natural pest control, where damage suppression is driven almost exclusively by non-consumptive natural enemy aggression, as opposed to consumption or prey behavioral changes. Furthermore, our results demonstrate the variability that may occur in non-consumptive pest control interactions when natural enemy aggressive behavior is impacted by alternative resources, and also show how these non-consumptive effects can mediate positive interactions between natural enemies to enhance overall crop damage reduction.</p>
FIGURES 20, 21 in Complementary description of three species of Steneotarsonemus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from rice agroecosystems of Eastern India with notes on their taxonomic status, spatial distribution, intraspecific variation and species composition
FIGURES 20, 21. Steneotarsonemus furcatus (male). 20. Dorsal surface. 21. Ventral surface.
FIGURES 26, 27 in Complementary description of three species of Steneotarsonemus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from rice agroecosystems of Eastern India with notes on their taxonomic status, spatial distribution, intraspecific variation and species composition
FIGURES 26, 27. Steneotarsonemus subfurcatus (female). 26. Dorsal surface. 27. Ventral surface.
FIGURES 16.—19 in Complementary description of three species of Steneotarsonemus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from rice agroecosystems of Eastern India with notes on their taxonomic status, spatial distribution, intraspecific variation and species composition
FIGURES 16.—19. Steneotarsonemus furcatus (female). 16.—leg I, 17.—leg II, 18.—leg III, 19.—leg IV.
FIGURES 10.—13 in Complementary description of three species of Steneotarsonemus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from rice agroecosystems of Eastern India with notes on their taxonomic status, spatial distribution, intraspecific variation and species composition
FIGURES 10.—13. Steneotarsonemus spinki (male). 10.—leg I, 11.—leg II, 12.—leg III, 13.—leg IV.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.