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opencc-zeroJan 2022View details →

The lower airways microbiome and antimicrobial peptides in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis differ from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Background: The lower airways microbiome and host immune response in chronic pulmonary diseases are incompletely understood. We aimed to investigate possible microbiome characteristics and key antimicrobial peptides and proteins in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: 12 IPF patients, 12 COPD patients and 12 healthy controls were sampled with oral wash (OW), protected bronchoalveolar lavage (PBAL) and right lung protected sterile brushings (rPSB). The antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs), secretory leucocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) and human beta defensins 1 and 2 (hBD-1 & hBD-2), were measured in PBAL by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The V3V4 region of the bacterial 16S rDNA gene was sequenced. Bioinformatic analyses were performed with QIIME 2. Results: hBD-1 levels in PBAL for IPF were lower compared with COPD. The predominant phylae in IPF were Firmicutes, Bacteroides and Actinobacteria; Proteobacteria were among top three in COPD. Differential abundance analysis at genus level showed significant differences between study groups for less abundant, mostly oropharyngeal, microbes. Alpha diversity was lower in IPF in PBAL compared to COPD (p=0.03) and controls (p=0.01), as well as in rPSB compared to COPD (p=0.02) and controls (p=0.04). Phylogenetic beta diversity showed significantly more similarity for IPF compared with COPD and controls. There were no significant correlations between alpha diversity and AMPs. Conclusions: IPF differed in microbial diversity from COPD and controls, accompanied by differences in antimicrobial peptides. Beta diversity similarity between OW and PBAL in IPF may indicate that microaspiration contributes to changes in its microbiome.

opencc-zeroJul 2022View details →

Data from: Is there a benefit for anesthesiologists of adding difficult airway scenarios for learning fiberoptic intubation skills using virtual reality training? A randomized controlled study

Introduction: Fiberoptic intubation for a difficult airway requires significant experience. Traditionally only normal airways were available for high fidelity bronchoscopy simulators. It is not clear if training on difficult airways offers an advantage over training on normal airways. This study investigates the added value of difficult airway scenarios during virtual reality fiberoptic intubation training. Methods: A prospective multicentric randomized study was conducted 2019 to 2020, among 86 inexperienced anesthesia residents, fellows and staff. Two groups were compared: Group N (control, n=43) first trained on a normal airway and Group D (n=43) first trained on a normal, followed by three difficult airways. All were then tested by comparing their Global Rating Scores (GRS) on 5 scenarios (1 normal and 4 difficult airways). Results: The final evaluation GRS score for the normal airway testing scenario was significantly higher for group N than group D: median score 76% (IQR 56.5 - 90) versus 58% (IQR 51.5 - 69, p = 0.0039), but there was no difference in GRS scores for the difficult intubation testing scenarios. Conclusions: A single exposure to each of 3 different difficult airway scenarios did not lead to better fiberoptic intubation skills on previously unseen difficult airways, when compared to multiple exposures to a normal airway scenario. This finding may be due to the learning curve of approximately 5-10 exposures to a specific airway scenario required to reach proficiency.

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Do patients of different craniofacial patterns have different minimum cross-sectional area and cross-sectional areas of the upper airways? A systematic review with network meta-analysis

<div>Dataset for all analyses. Dataset initially made available to editor and peer-reviewers during the peer review phase. After acceptance, the dataset will be made openly available to all without any restrictions.</div>

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2024View details →

opencc-zeroMay 2024View details →

CompareRhythms data in healthy and asthmatic airway epithelial cells

Rationale: Cellular circadian rhythms regulate multiple cellular processes and have been hypothesized to influence epithelial function in asthma. Airway resistance has circadian variability in patients with asthma, profiling of circadian rhythms of gene expression in human airway epithelia has not been performed. Organotypic cultures of primary human airway epithelial cells differentiated at an air-liquid interface recapitulate the major cell types of human airway epithelia to allow for evaluation of gene expression not possible in vivo and demonstrate rhythmicity of core circadian genes after temperature synchronization. Methods: Primary human airway epithelial cells from 6 healthy children and 6 children with asthma were differentiated an air-liquid interface and circadian rhythms were synchronized using cycled incubator temperature. RNA was harvested every 4 hours and RNA-sequencing performed to measure transcriptome-wide expression, with differential rhythmicity of genes identified using CompareRhythms. Results: Core circadian genes ARNTL and NR1D1 demonstrated rhythmicity in both healthy and asthmatic airway epithelial cells with maintained phase relationships. In RNAseq data from healthy and asthmatic airway epithelial cells, 646 (4%) of protein-coding genes were rhythmic, with 110 genes exhibiting differential rhythmicity in asthma. Gene set enrichment analysis using EnrichR revealed that genes in circadian rhythm, nuclear receptor, and cell adhesion pathways were rhythmic. Neutrophil chemotaxis, cytokine mediated signaling, and viral protein interactions with cytokine receptor pathways demonstrated differential (gain, loss, or change) rhythmicity in asthma. Conclusions: Core circadian rhythm genes maintain rhythmicity in healthy and asthmatic human airway epithelia, and regulate cytokine mediated signaling and neutrophil chemotaxis pathways in asthmatic human airway epithelia.

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Assessment of Airway Resistance and Specic Airway Conductance in Centrally Obese Adults

Background:Obesity's systemic consequences impact pulmonary function, with central obesity exerting a more signicant inuence on pulmonary mechanics than peripheral obesity. Waist circumference (WC) emerges as a crucial parameter, yet research focusing on its specic impact on airway mechanics is limited. Objectives:The study aims to assess whether centrally obese adults exhibit distinct airway resistance and specic airway conductance compared to gender and age-matched controls using cross-sectional study. Methods:Atotal of ninety individuals between the ages of 20 and 40 took part in the study. The research group consisted of forty-ve individuals who were selected based on their waist circumference (WC) being equal to or more than 90 cm in males and 80 cm in women. The remaining 45 individuals were allocated to the control group according to their waist circumference(WC)beingbelow90cminmenand80cminfemales.Abody plethysmograph was used to assess airway resistance and conductance. The statistical methodology employed was appropriate, utilizing the Independent Student's t-test to compare the groups. Results:The ndings showed that the group that participated in the research had a higher airway resistance (P= 0.03) than the control group. No signicant disparity in specic airway conductance was observed between the two groups, following the application of suitable statistical tests for mean comparison (P= 0.99). Conclusion:Centrally obese adults experience increased airway resistance attributable to diminished lung volumes rather than intrinsic airway obstruction. This heightened respiratory effort underscores the importance of maintaining a normal waist circumference to mitigate potential respiratory challenges associated with central obesity

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2024View details →

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Supplementary materials - Pharyngeal airway changes after functional orthodontic treatment – a retrospective case-control study on a pediatric population

Supplementary data for an article: "Pharyngeal airway changes after functional orthodontic treatment – a retrospective case-control study on a pediatric population"

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2024View details →

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

Evaluation of in vitro rat and human airway epithelial models for acute inhalation toxicity testing

In vivo models (mostly rodents) are currently accepted by regulatory authorities for assessing acute inhalation toxicity. Considerable efforts have been made in recent years to evaluate in vitro human airway epithelial models (HAEM) as replacements for in vivo testing. In the current work, an organotypic in vitro rat airway epithelial model (RAEM), rat EpiAirway™, was developed and characterized to allow a direct comparison with the available HAEM, human EpiAirway™, in order to address potential interspecies variability in responses to harmful agents. The rat and human models were evaluated in two independent laboratories with 14 reference chemicals, selected to cover a broad range of chemical structures and reactive groups, as well as known acute animal and human toxicity responses, in three replicate rounds of experiments. Toxicity endpoints included changes in tissue viability (MTT assay), epithelial barrier integrity (TEER, transepithelial electrical resistance), and tissue morphology (histopathology). The newly developed rat EpiAirway™ model produced reproducible results across all replicate experiments in both testing laboratories. Furthermore, a high level of concordance was observed between the RAEM and HAEM toxicity responses (determined by IC25) in both laboratories, with R2 = 0.78 and 0.88 when analyzed by TEER; and R2 = 0.92 for both when analyzed by MTT. These results indicate that rat and human airway epithelial tissues respond similarly to acute exposures to chemicals. The new in vitro RAEM will help extrapolate to in vivo rat toxicity responses and support screening as part of a 3Rs program.

A Comparison of the I-gel and Self-pressurised Air-Q Intubating Laryngeal Airway (Air-Q sp) in the Elderly Patients

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02260427. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.

Learning Curve of Fiberoptic Intubation Through Supraglottic Airway Device

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04482166. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 10.

Efficacy of Ciclesonide on Small Airways in Patients With Stable Asthma (18 to 60 y) (BY9010/M1-131)

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00163345. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.

Non Invasive Ventilation Versus Continuous Positive Airway Pressure After Extubation of Very Low Birth Weight Infants.

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01778829. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.

First Responder Airway & Compression Rate Trial

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05969028. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.

Intrapulmonary Percussive Ventilation (IPV) Versus Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Ventilation (nCPAP) in Transient Respiratory Distress of the Newborn

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00556738. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.

Role of Extracellular Matrix in the Development of Airway Remodeling in Asthma

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03388359. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 10.

Effectiveness of Bubble Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (bCPAP) in Neonatal Respiratory Distress

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04401696. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 12.

Airway Management During Deep Sedation in Hysteroscopy

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05701839. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.

The Effects Of Methacholine Challenge Administered Using Three Different Nebulizers On Small Airways Function

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00529477. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.

Trial of Auto Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01064258. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.

Sociological Determinants of Positive Airway Pressure Adherence in OSA Patients

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05385302. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.

Airway Clearance Technique of Oscillation and Lung Expansion in Bronchiectasis

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06393257. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 7.