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Figure 6 in New information on the cranial and postcranial anatomy of the early synapsid Ianthodon schultzei (Sphenacomorpha: Sphenacodontia), and its evolutionary significance

Figure 6. Ianthodon schultzei cranial and skeletal reconstruction. Three-dimensional arrangement and projections based on a wax maquette. Skull in dorsal, ventral and lateral view; mandible in lateral and medial view.

Figure 2. Ianthodon schultzei holotype KUVP 133735 in New information on the cranial and postcranial anatomy of the early synapsid Ianthodon schultzei (Sphenacomorpha: Sphenacodontia), and its evolutionary significance

Figure 2. Ianthodon schultzei holotype KUVP 133735, slab in present condition, combined with photograph of skull area (lower left) before its removal.

Figure 5. Ianthodon schultzei holotype KUVP 133735 in New information on the cranial and postcranial anatomy of the early synapsid Ianthodon schultzei (Sphenacomorpha: Sphenacodontia), and its evolutionary significance

Figure 5. Ianthodon schultzei holotype KUVP 133735. (a) Close-up of central block; (b) detail of right posterior coronoid with eroded denticles; (c) detail of right pterygoid transverse flange dentition in dorsolateral aspect. Ic – intercentrum; pt-a – pterygoid anterior ramus; pt-q – quadrate ramus of pterygoid.

Figure 7 in New information on the cranial and postcranial anatomy of the early synapsid Ianthodon schultzei (Sphenacomorpha: Sphenacodontia), and its evolutionary significance

Figure 7. Majority rule and strict consensus cladograms of the 10 most parsimonious trees, with a key for bootstrap values above 50 %, the frequency of node occurrence and Bremer decay values. For nodes that collapse at one extra step, the Bremer decay values are not shown.

FIGURE 7 in Redescription of the Rio skate Rioraja agassizii (Rajiformes: Arhynchobatidae) with notes on internal anatomy and intraspecific variation

FIGURE 7 | Visceral arches of Rioraja agassizii, MNRJ 50512, female, 505 mm TL. A. jaws; B, D. dorsal and C, E. ventral views of hyoid and gill arches. abc, anterior portion of basibranchial copula; bbc, basibranchial copula; bh, basihyal; cb 1–5, ceratobranchials I–V; mck, Meckel's cartilage; cph, cerato-pseudohyoid; eb 1–5, epibranchials I–V; eph, epi-pseudohyoid; hb 2–4, hypobranchials II–IV; lpbh, lateral projection of basihyal; pb 1–5, pharyngobranchials I–V; pq, palatoquadrate. Scale bar = 5 mm.

FIGURE 6 in Redescription of the Rio skate Rioraja agassizii (Rajiformes: Arhynchobatidae) with notes on internal anatomy and intraspecific variation

FIGURE 6 | Neurocranium of Rioraja agassizii, MNRJ 50512, female, 505 mm TL. A. dorsal, B. ventral, C. lateral views. II, foramen for the optic nerve; III, foramen for the oculomotor nerve; IV, foramen for the trochlear nerve; VI, foramen for the abducens nerve; acvf, anterior canal vein foramen; af, anterior fontanelle; antf, antorbital facet; apba, foramen for the afferent pseudobranchial artery bp, basal plate; epb, epiphysial bridge; end, endolymphatic foramen; ethn, foramen for the passage of the ethmoidal nerve; fm, foramen magnum; hf, hyomandibular facet; hVII, foramen for the passage of the hyomandibular ramus of the facialis nerve; icf, internal carotid artery foramen; inc, inner nasal cartilage; ins, internasal space; ja, jugal arch; na, nasal aperture; nc, nasal capsule; oc, otic capsule; occ, occipital condyle; onc, outer nasal cartilage; opc, opistotic crest; opd, optic pedicel; opf, ophthalmic foramen; ornc oronasal canal; peri, perilymphatic foramen; pf, posterior fontanelle; pfc, prefacial commissure; pnc, posterior nasal cartilage; pos, postorbital process; pre, preorbital process; prf, parietal fossa; prof, prootic formamen; ptp, pterotic process; ra, rostral appendix; rb, rostral base; rn, rostral node; rs, rostrum; soc, supraorbital crest; sopf, superficial ophtalmic foramen.

FIGURE 2 in Redescription of the Rio skate Rioraja agassizii (Rajiformes: Arhynchobatidae) with notes on internal anatomy and intraspecific variation

FIGURE 2 | A. Drawing of Rioraja agassizii provided by Müller, Henle (1841). B. Dorsal view of MNHN 2430, male, 405 mm TL (lectotype designated herein and modified from MNHN database). Scale bar = 20 mm.

FIGURE 5 in Redescription of the Rio skate Rioraja agassizii (Rajiformes: Arhynchobatidae) with notes on internal anatomy and intraspecific variation

FIGURE 5 | Neurocranium of Rioraja agassizii, MZUSP 117280, female, 543 mm TL. A. dorsal, B. ventral views. af, anterior fontanelle; bp, basal plate; epb, epiphysial bridge; end, endolymphatic foramen; icf, internal carotid artery foramen; inc, inner nasal cartilage; ins, internasal space; ja, jugal arch; na, nasal aperture; nc, nasal capsule; oc, otic capsule; occ, occipital condyle; onc, outer nasal cartilage; opf, ophthalmic foramen; peri, perilymphatic foramen; pf, posterior fontanelle; pnc, posterior nasal cartilage; pos, postorbital process; pre, preorbital process; ptp, pterotic process; ra, rostral appendix; rb, rostral base; rn, rostral node; rs, rostrum. Scale bar = 10 mm.

FIGURE 4 in Redescription of the Rio skate Rioraja agassizii (Rajiformes: Arhynchobatidae) with notes on internal anatomy and intraspecific variation

FIGURE 4 | Ventral view of the head of Rioraja agassizii. A. MZUSP 117280, female, 543 mm TL. B. USP (uncatalogued), male. Scale bars = 20 mm.

FIGURE 9 in Redescription of the Rio skate Rioraja agassizii (Rajiformes: Arhynchobatidae) with notes on internal anatomy and intraspecific variation

FIGURE 9 | Map showing the geographic distribution of Rioraja agassizii based on material examined in this study (red) and literature (blue).

FIGURE 1 in Redescription of the Rio skate Rioraja agassizii (Rajiformes: Arhynchobatidae) with notes on internal anatomy and intraspecific variation

FIGURE 1 | Terminology of thorns. alt, alar; idt, interdorsal; iot, interorbital; ist, interespiracular; mct, mediocaudal; mdt, middorsal; mot, midorbital; nut, nuchal; pet, preorbital; pot, postorbital; rst, rostral; sct, scapular; spt, spiracular.

FIGURE 3 in Redescription of the Rio skate Rioraja agassizii (Rajiformes: Arhynchobatidae) with notes on internal anatomy and intraspecific variation

FIGURE 3 | External morphology and color pattern of Rioraja agassizii. A. dorsal view and B. ventral view of MZUSP (uncatalogued), 424 mm TL; C. dorsal view and D. ventral view of UERJ 1569, female, 466 mm TL; E. MZUSP 117280, female, 543 mm TL; F. MNRJ 50512, female, 505 mm TL. Scale bars = 10 cm.

FIGURE 8 in Redescription of the Rio skate Rioraja agassizii (Rajiformes: Arhynchobatidae) with notes on internal anatomy and intraspecific variation

FIGURE 8 | Pelvic girdle and fin skeleton of Rioraja agassizii, MNRJ 50512, female, 505 mm TL. 1pvr, first pelvic radial segment; 1pvrc, condyle for the first pelvic radial segment; bpt, basipterygium; lpp, lateral pelvic process; obf, obturator foramen; pib, pubischiadic bar; pvr, pelvic radial segments. Scale bar = 10 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Dataset for "High photosynthesis rates in Brassiceae species are mediated by leaf anatomy enabling high biochemical capacity, rapid CO2 diffusion and efficient light use"

Dataset used in the paper Retta MA, Van Doorselaer L, Driever SM, Yin X, de Ruijter NCA, Verboven P, Nicolaï BM, Struik PC. High photosynthesis rates in Brassiceae species are mediated by leaf anatomy enabling high biochemical capacity, rapid CO2 diffusion and efficient light use. New Phytol. 2024 Sep 18. doi: 10.1111/nph.20136. PMID: 39294895. Please cite the paper presenting this datase. <h1>Plant Species and Inbred Lines:</h1> <ul> <li>Hirschfeldia incana L. (7th generation inbred line 190003 HIN-NIJ-07-B) </li> <li>Brassica nigra L. (3rd generation inbred line 210093 BNI-DG1-03-B)</li> <li>Brassica rapa L. (inbred line ‘R-o-18’)</li> <li>Arabidopsis thaliana (accession Columbia)</li> </ul> <h1>Growth Conditions:</h1> <ul> <li>Media: Rock-wool blocks (Grodan Plantop, Roermond, Netherlands, 10×10×7.5 cm)</li> <li>Fertigation: Nitrogen-rich nutrient solution via automated dripping system.</li> <li>Light Conditions: 12 h day/12 h night, light intensity of 200 µmol m-2 s-1 and 1800 µmol m-2 s-1</li> <li>Temperature: Day/Night temperatures of 23 °C and 20 °C, respectively.</li> <li>Relative Humidity: 70%</li> </ul> <h1>Codes</h1> Species: <ul> <li>Hirschfeldia incana L. - H. incana</li> <li>Brassica nigra L. - B. nigra</li> <li>Brassica rapa L. - B. rapa</li> <li>Arabidopsis thaliana - A. thaliana</li> </ul> Light conditions: <ul> <li>High light - HL</li> <li>Low light - LL</li> </ul> Replicates: <ul> <li>Biological replicates were labeled with numbers, e.g. replicate one from high light grown Hirschfeldia incana is referred to as HiHL1</li> </ul> <h1>Measurements</h1> <h2>Leaf Gas Exchange and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Measurements (GasExchangeData.zip):</h2> <ul> <li>Four leaves per species per treatment.</li> <li>Conducted using a LI-6800 (LI-COR, Lincoln, NE, USA) on the mid-position of the youngest fully expanded leaf.</li> <li>The resoponse of photosynthesis to irradiance and external CO2 concentrations augumneted with multi-phase flash fluorescence were made</li> </ul> <h2>Optical Properties Measurement (Absorbance & chlorophyll.zip):</h2> <ul> <li>Leaves: Four leaves per species per treatment.</li> <li>Leaf transmittance and reflectance measured using a dual channel spectrophotometer (absorptance_reflac_data_355_750.xlsx)</li> <li>Chlorophyll content measured using a spectrophotometer (Chlorophyll.xlsx).</li> </ul> <h2>Stomatal Density and Size Analysis (Stomata.zip):</h2> Sampling: <ul> <li>Leaves: Four leaves per species per treatment.</li> <li>Plants: Samples taken from three different plants.</li> <li>Leaf-side: abaxial and adxial leaf side.</li> </ul> Microscopy Setup: <ul> <li>Stomatal imprints made using clear nail polish, imaged using a light microscope at 20x.</li> </ul> Data Output: <ul> <li>Imaging Results: .jpg files organised under folders for species e.g. AtHL\R1 T+B.zip contains images ofimprints of top (T) and bottom (B) leaf sides from replicate plant 1 (R1) of A. thaliana grown under high light (AtHL). The images are named as for example, AT_HL_BOTTOM_R1_A_stacked_minimum.jpg, The leters A to E label various imges made from one imprint.</li> </ul> <h2>Light and Electron Microscopy of Leaf Sections (CellwallChloroplast.zip):</h2> Sampling: <ul> <li>Leaves: Four leaves per species per treatment.</li> <li>Plants: Samples taken from four different plants.</li> </ul> Sample preparation <ul> <li>Leaf samples fixed, dehydrated, embedded in Araldite, and sectioned for imaging.</li> <li>1 µm think sections were made for light microscopy</li> <li>Sections  of 70 nm were double stained for TEM</li> </ul> Microscopy Setup: <ul> <li>Mesophyll cells imaged at 400x and 700x to measure chloroplast coverage.</li> <li>Electron microscopy performed with Zeiss EM900 electron microscope.</li> </ul> <h2>Mesophyll Chlorophyll (ConfocalData.zip):</h2> Sampling: <ul> <li>Leaves: Three leaves per species per treatment.</li> <li>Plants: Samples taken from three different plants.</li> <li>Thickness: 200 ± 10 µm sections prepared using a sliding microtome</li> </ul> Microscopy Setup: <ul> <li>Microscope: Leica DM8 inverted scope equipped with a Stellaris 5 confocal microscope (Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany).</li> <li>Excitation: 490 nm excitation laser line</li> <li>Fluorescence Recording: Chlorophyll autofluorescence recorded in a spectral range of 660−700 nm.</li> <li>Objective: Leica objective ×10/0.4 NA.</li> <li>Z-Stacks:  85–112 µm depth, two random positions per sample</li> </ul> Data Output: <ul> <li>Imaging Results: Z-stacks of chlorophyll autofluorescence in mesophyll cells.</li> <li>Spectral Information: Chlorophyll autofluorescence recorded in the 660−700 nm range.</li> </ul> Analysis: <ul> <li>Software: The confocal files are in .lif format and can be viewed using Leica application suite (LASx), ImageJ</li> </ul>

FIG. 7 in Revision of the genus Benthogenia Fisher, 1911 (Asteroidea, Echinodermata), with description of a new species and ossicle anatomy

FIG. 7. — Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the orals (A, B), 1st ambulacrals (C, D), odontophores (E-F), ambulacrals (G-L), and adambulacrals (M-O) of Benthogenia mahi n. sp., specimen MNHN-IE-2013-2199: A, oral in adradial view; B, oral in abradial view; C, 1st ambulacral in adradial view; D, 1st ambulacral in abradial view; E, odontophore in actinal view; F, odontophore in abactinal view; G, second ambulacral in adradial view; H, third ambulacral in abradial view; I, K, ambulacrals in abradial view; J, ambulacral in abradial view; L, ambulacral in abactinal view; M, adambulacral in abactinal view; N, O, adambulacrals in actinal view. Colored areas indicate the presence of a differentiated stereom. See Table 2 for abbreviations. Proximal direction to the left, actinal direction to the bottom except for M-O, adradial direction to the top. Scale bars: A-I, M-O, 2 mm; J-L, 1 mm.

FIG. 6. — Benthogenia mahi n in Revision of the genus Benthogenia Fisher, 1911 (Asteroidea, Echinodermata), with description of a new species and ossicle anatomy

FIG. 6. — Benthogenia mahi n. sp. in abactinal (A, C, E) and actinal view (B, D, F): A, B, holotype MNHN-IE-2013-2216; C, D, MNHN-IE-2007-1580; E, F, MNHN-IE-2019-3879. Scale bars: 5 cm.

FIG. 4 in Revision of the genus Benthogenia Fisher, 1911 (Asteroidea, Echinodermata), with description of a new species and ossicle anatomy

FIG. 4. — Ambulacral furrow and distal part of the arm of Benthogenia cribellosa Fisher, 1911 MNHN-IE-2019-3848 (A, C, E) and Benthogenia mahi n. sp. MNHN-IE-2019-3879 (B, D, F): A, B, proximal part of the ambulacral furrow; C, D, distal part of the ambulacral furrow; E, F, distal view of the arm showing terminal ossicle. Abbreviations: adamb, adambulacral; amb, ambulacral; fur sp, furrow spines; im, inferomarginals; im sp, inferomarginal spines; sm, superomarginals; sm sp, superomarginal spines. Scale bars: 5 mm.

FIG. 8 in Revision of the genus Benthogenia Fisher, 1911 (Asteroidea, Echinodermata), with description of a new species and ossicle anatomy

FIG. 8. — Arm sections of Benthogenia mahi n. sp. holotype MNHN-IE-2013-2216 (A) and Hyphalaster inermis Sladen, 1883 USNM 1018661 (B). Red bars show the width (W) of and the height (H) of the superomarginals. Scale bars: 1 cm.

FIG. 3 in Revision of the genus Benthogenia Fisher, 1911 (Asteroidea, Echinodermata), with description of a new species and ossicle anatomy

FIG. 3. — Marginals and arms in abactinal view of Benthogenia cribellosa Fisher, 1911 (A, C, E) and Benthogenia mahi n. sp. (B, D, F): A, holotype USNM 28655; B, holotype MNHN-IE-2013-2216; C, E, MNHN-IE-2019-3848; D, F, MNHN-IE-2019-3879. Abbreviations: im, inferomarginals; pax, paxillae; sm, superomarginals. Scale bars: 5 mm.

FIG. 1 in Revision of the genus Benthogenia Fisher, 1911 (Asteroidea, Echinodermata), with description of a new species and ossicle anatomy

FIG. 1. — Benthogenia cribellosa Fisher, 1911 in abactinal (A, C, E) and actinal view (B, D, F): A, B, holotype USNM 28655; C, D, MNHN-IE-2007-1828; E, F, MNHN-IE-2019-3848. Scale bars: 5 cm.