Find research datasets worth reusing

Figure 7 in First Cretaceous teleostean otolith assemblage (Arkadelphia Formation, upper Maastrichtian) from Arkansas, USA, early Gadiformes, and the Western Interior Seaway

Figure 7. Otoliths from the Cretaceous Arkadelphia Formation. All specimens unless otherwise noted are inner views of right sagittae. Length in mm. A. Apateodus crenellatus? Schwarzhans and Stringer (2020b), DMNH 2021-09-17, 1.78 mm. B. Palaeogadus? belli sp. nov., DMNH 2021-09-18, 1.25 mm (paratype). C. Palaeogadus? belli sp. nov., DMNH 2021-09-19, 1.78 mm (paratype). D. Palaeogadus? belli sp. nov., 2021-09-20, 2.21 mm (paratype). E. Palaeogadus? belli sp. nov., DMNH 2021-09-21, 2.34 mm (paratype). F. Palaeogadus? belli sp. nov., DMNH 2021-09-22, 3.13 mm (holotype). G. Palaeogadus? belli sp. nov., DMNH 2021-09-22, 3.13 mm (holotype, outer view). H Palaeogadus? belli sp. nov., DMNH 2021-09-22, 3.13 mm (holotype, dorsal view).

Figure 5 in First Cretaceous teleostean otolith assemblage (Arkadelphia Formation, upper Maastrichtian) from Arkansas, USA, early Gadiformes, and the Western Interior Seaway

Figure 5. Otoliths from the Cretaceous Arkadelphia Formation. All specimens unless otherwise noted are inner views of right sagittae. Length in mm. A. Elops sp., DMNH 2021-09-01, 1.89 mm. B. Albuliformes indeterminate, DMNH 2021-09-02, 1.42 mm. C. Elopothrissus sp. DMNH 2021-09-03, 1.83 mm. D. Genartina sp. DMNH 2021-09-04, 0.85 mm. E. Osmeroides sp. DMNH 2021-09-05, 3.85 mm. F. Anguilla? chickasawae Schwarzhans and Stringer (2020b), DMNH 2021-09-6, 1.90 mm. G. Echiophis aff. E. semisphaeroides Schwarzhans (2003), DMNH 2021-09-07, 3.25 mm. H. Muraenanguilla? sp. DMNH 2021-09-08, 2.18 mm.

Figure 8 in First Cretaceous teleostean otolith assemblage (Arkadelphia Formation, upper Maastrichtian) from Arkansas, USA, early Gadiformes, and the Western Interior Seaway

Figure 8. Otoliths from the Cretaceous Arkadelphia Formation. All specimens unless otherwise noted are inner views of right sagittae. Lapilli are macular views. Length in mm. A. Palaeogadus cf. P. weltoni Schwarzhans and Stringer (2020a), DMNH 2021-09- 23, 1.46 mm. B. Gadiformes indeterminate, DMNH 2021-09-24, 1.56 mm. C. Tippaha mythica Schwarzhans and Stringer (2020a), DMNH 2021-09-25, 3.85 mm. D. Eutawichthys maastrichtiensis Nolf and Stringer (1996), DMNH 2021-09-26, 3.93 mm. E. Eutawichthys zideki Nolf and Stringer (1996), DMNH 2021-09-27, 1.42 mm. F. Eutawichthys cf. E. stringeri Schwarzhans, Huddleston, and Takeuchi (2018b), DMNH 2021-09-28, 1.85 mm. G. Ampheristus cf. A. americanus Schwarzhans and Stringer (2020a), DMNH 2021-09-29, 1.58 mm. H. Protobythities brzobohatyi Schwarzhans (2010), DMNH 2021-09-30, 1.68 mm. I. Lapillus type 1, DMNH 2021-09-31, 2.98 mm.

Figure 2 in First Cretaceous teleostean otolith assemblage (Arkadelphia Formation, upper Maastrichtian) from Arkansas, USA, early Gadiformes, and the Western Interior Seaway

Figure 2. Regional map of otolith-bearing Cretaceous sites mentioned in the text. Dashed line shows approximate shoreline during the late Maastrichtian (Roberts and Kirschaum 1995, Dastas et al. 2014, Stringer and Sloan 2018).

Figure 4 in First Cretaceous teleostean otolith assemblage (Arkadelphia Formation, upper Maastrichtian) from Arkansas, USA, early Gadiformes, and the Western Interior Seaway

Figure 4. Geologic section of borings B-5, B-6, B-8, B-9, and B-10 at the Cabot site, Lonoke County, Arkansas, USA. Black shapes designate the approximate level at which otoliths were recovered (bgl m=below ground level in meters). The shape is indicative of the number of otoliths recovered at that level: circle=less than 10 specimens; triangle=11–100 specimens; rectangle=101–500 specimens; and star=greater than 500 specimens.

Figure 1 in First Cretaceous teleostean otolith assemblage (Arkadelphia Formation, upper Maastrichtian) from Arkansas, USA, early Gadiformes, and the Western Interior Seaway

Figure 1. Stratigraphy of the Arkadelphia Formation and other formations discussed in the text based primarily on McFarland (2004). The gray-shaded area represents an unconformity.

Figure 21 in A late Eocene wood assemblage from the Crooked River Basin, Oregon, USA

Figure 21. Incertae Sedis. cf. Hamamelidoxylon sp., UF 278-84876. A, B. Wood diffuse-porous, vessels solitary, angular in outline, TS. C, D. Scalariform perforation plates, RLS. E. Transitional intervessel pitting,,scalariform to opposite, TLS. F. Vessel-ray parenchyma (VRP) pits horizontally elongate, RLS. G. Ray cellular composition, intermixed square, upright, and barely procumbent cells. H. Rays exclusively uniseriate, T next to beginning of tyloses formation, TLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A; 100 µm B, H; 50 µm in C; D, G; 20 µm in E, F.

Figure 19 in A late Eocene wood assemblage from the Crooked River Basin, Oregon, USA

Figure 19. Araliaceae. Plerandreoxylon oskolski sp. nov., UF 278-84906. A. Semi-ring-porous wood with latewood vessels arranged in wavy tangential bands/diagonal arrangement, vessel clusters in latest latewood, axial parenchyma rare, T.S. B. Semi-ring-porous wood, vessels solitary and in short radial multiples, axial parenchyma rare, TS. C. Simple perforation plates, rays with procumbent body cells, RLS. D. Crowded alternate intervessel pitting, TLS. E. Vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders, oval to slightly horizontally elongate in outline, tyloses, RLS. F. Rays 5-6 cells wide, septate fibers, TLS. G. Rays predominantly multiseriate, TLS. Scale bars: 200 µm in A, B, G; 100 µm in C, F. 50 µm in E; 20 µm in D.

Figure 9 in First Cretaceous teleostean otolith assemblage (Arkadelphia Formation, upper Maastrichtian) from Arkansas, USA, early Gadiformes, and the Western Interior Seaway

Figure 9. Maastrichtian otolith localities in North America and otolith-based faunal communities (bioprovinces) based on Schwarzhans and Stringer (2020a). The Western Interior Seaway community is outlined in green, and the localities are shown in green circles. The Appalachian community is outlined in red, and the localities are shown in red circles. The number in the circle is the number of species known from the localities. The white star is the Arkadelphia Formation site at Cabot, Arkansas, and the focus of this study. The base paleogeographic map was modified from Blakey (2014) and Scotese (2014).

Figure 6 in First Cretaceous teleostean otolith assemblage (Arkadelphia Formation, upper Maastrichtian) from Arkansas, USA, early Gadiformes, and the Western Interior Seaway

Figure 6. Otoliths from the Cretaceous Arkadelphia Formation. All specimens unless otherwise noted are inner views of right sagittae. Length in mm. A. Kokenichthys navis Schwarzhans and Stringer (2020b), DMNH 2021-09-9, 4.10 mm. B. Clupeiform? indeterminate DMNH 2021-09-10, 1.42 mm. C. Arius subtilis Schwarzhans and Bratishko (2011), DMNH 2021-09-11, 4.61 mm. D. Vorhisia vulpes Frizzell (1965b), DMNH 2021-09-13, 2.49 mm. E. Vorhisia vulpes Frizzell (1965b), DMNH 2021-09-14, 3.06 mm. F. Vorhisia vulpes Frizzell (1965b), DMNH 2021-09-15, 3.99 mm. G. Vorhisia vulpes Frizzell (1965b), DMNH 2021-09-16, 7.98 mm. H. Vorhisia vulpes Frizzell (1965b), DMNH 2021-09-12, 19.36 mm.

Figure 14 in A late Eocene wood assemblage from the Crooked River Basin, Oregon, USA

Figure 14. Urticales. Cannabaceae/Moraceae Wood Type 1. UF 278-87894. A, B. Wood diffuse-porous, vessels solitary and in radial multiples; marginal parenchyma, TS. C. Alternate intervessel pitting, polygonal in outline, simple perforation plates, ray with sheath cells, TLS. D. Vessel to parenchyma pits, similar in size to intervessel pitting with reduced borders, RLS. E. Rays predominantly multiseriate, 1-2-seriate rays rare, TLS. F. Ray body cells procumbent, marginal row of upright/square cells, RLS. Scale bars‒500 µm in A; 200 µm in B, E; 100 µm in F; 50 µm in C, D.

Figure 4 in A late Eocene wood assemblage from the Crooked River Basin, Oregon, USA

Figure 4. Magnoliaceae. Magnolia hansnooteboomii, UF 278-84871. A. Diffuse-porous wood, vessels predominantly in radial multiples, T.S. B, C. Scalariform perforation plates with fewer than 20 bars, helical thickenings in vessel elements, RLS. D. Scalariform intervessel pitting, TLS. E. Vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders, horizontally elongate in outline, RLS. F, G. Rays mostly 3‒4 cells wide, scalariform perforation plates, non-septate fibers, note scalariform intervessel pits in F and tyloses (T) in G, TLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A; 100 µm in G; 50 µm in B, E, F; 20 µm in C, D.

Figure 9 in A late Eocene wood assemblage from the Crooked River Basin, Oregon, USA

Figure 9. Fagaceae. Quercinium sp, UF 278-84878. A. Diffuse- to semi-ring-porous wood; vessels exclusively solitary, very slight tendency to diagonal arrangement, TS. B. Simple perforation plates (PP), RLS. C. Vasicentric tracheids, uniseriate rays, axial parenchyma strands, TLS. D. Vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders to simple, tyloses, RLS. E, F. Rays of two distinct sizes, TLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A, E; 100 µm in B, C, F; 50 µm in C; 20 µm in D.

Figure 3 in A late Eocene wood assemblage from the Crooked River Basin, Oregon, USA

Figure 3. Cupressaceae. Taxodioxylon sp. A, C, E–I. UF 278-84886. B, D. UF 278-84889. A, B. Narrow latewood zone, axial parenchyma diffuse and in short tangential lines, TS. C. Latewood with compression wood, TS. D, E. Uniseriate rays, TLS. F. End walls of axial parenchyma smooth, TLS. G. Circular bordered pits on radial walls of longitudinal tracheids, occasionally biseriate; most rays homocellular composed of ray parenchyma, bottom ray with top marginal row possibly composed of ray tracheids (RT) RLS. H. Ray composed of ray parenchyma, horizontal and end walls smooth, RLS. I. Taxodioid cross-field pits, RLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A, B; 100 µm in C, D, E, G; 50 µm in F, H; 20 µm in I.

Figure 6. Platanaceae. Platanoxylon haydenii. A, B in A late Eocene wood assemblage from the Crooked River Basin, Oregon, USA

Figure 6. Platanaceae. Platanoxylon haydenii. A, B. Diffuse-porous wood, vessels mostly solitary, a few tangential multiples; diffuse and diffuse-in-aggregates axial parenchyma; fiber walls of medium thickness, TS, UF 278-84881(A), UF 278-84874 (B). C. Scalariform perforation plates, UF 278-84874, RLS. D. Opposite intervessel pitting, UF 278-84874, TLS. E. Wide (>10-seriate) and tall (>1 mm) rays, UF 278-.84874, TLS. F. Rays composed predominantly of procumbent cells, UF 278-84879, RLS. Scale bars=500 µm in E; 200 µm in A; 100 µm in B, F; 50 µm in C, D.

Figure 7 in A late Eocene wood assemblage from the Crooked River Basin, Oregon, USA

Figure 7. Caption on pg, 15 Figure 7. Fabaceae. cf. Styphonolobium sp., UF 278-84867. A. Ring-porous wood, with distinct earlywood zone 2‒3 vessels deep, confluent-banded axial parenchyma, TS. B. Pith and first formed secondary xylem, first formed growth ring not ring-porous, pith with thin-walled parenchyma cells, TS. C. Earlywood vessels mostly solitary, one radial pair; latewood vessels in small multiples, confluent parenchyma, TS. D. Crowded alternate pits, TLS. E. Vessel-ray parenchyma pits similar to intervessel pits, RLS. F. Multiseriate rays; axial parenchyma strands of 2‒4 cells, TLS. G. Multiseriate rays; non-septate fibers, TLS. H. Simple perforation plate in narrow vessel element; heterocellular rays with procumbent and square cells, RLS. I. Pith (at right) with thin-walled parenchyma cells, upright cells common in rays nearest to pith (at left), RLS. Scale bars=500 µm in A; 200 µm in B, I; 100 µm in C, F; 50 µm in G, H; 20 µm in D, E.

Figure 1. A in A late Eocene wood assemblage from the Crooked River Basin, Oregon, USA

Figure 1. A. Oblique northerly view of Dietz Hill, site UF278. White tuff capping the hill yielded radiometric age of 36.21±0.26 Ma (n=26) (Manchester and McIntosh 2007). Woods and fruits and seeds derive from the same tuff. Google Earth imagery. B. Index map of Oregon. Yellow rectangle showing the location of satellite image in C. C. Paleobotanical localities in the vicinity of Post, Oregon, in the Crooked River valley. Yellow line marks the approximate contact between the Clarno Formation (Tc) and overlying John Day Formation (Tjd) based on the geologic mapping of Waters (1968). Quaternary deposits in the Crooked River floodplain and localized Plio-Pleistocene igneous intrusions not shown (see Waters 1968 for detail). Late Eocene localities: UF279 Post Hammer site; UF278 Dietz Hill (subject of this treatment), UF254 Brummers Spring, UF256 Teater Road leaf locality. Early Oligocene locality: UF258. Crooked River leaf site (Chaney 1927, Meyer and Manchester 1997).

Figure 12 in A late Eocene wood assemblage from the Crooked River Basin, Oregon, USA

Figure 12. Urticales. cf. Moroxylon sp., UF 278-84899. A‒C. Ring-porous wood, with distinct earlywood zone 1‒2 vessels deep, latewood vessels solitary and in radial multiples in a diagonal pattern, TS. D. Crowded alternate pits, axial parenchyma strands of 2‒4 cells. TLS. E. Vessel elements with inclined end walls, rays predominantly 3-seriate, axial parenchyma strands of 2‒3 cells, TLS. F. Simple perforation plates, crowded alternate intervessel pits, vessel-parenchyma pits of similar size to intervessel pits; ray parenchyma cells square and weakly procumbent, RLS. Scale bars=500 µm in A; 200 µm in B; 100 µm in C, E; 50 µm in D, F.

Figure 2 in A late Eocene wood assemblage from the Crooked River Basin, Oregon, USA

Figure 2. Pinaceae. Keteleeria farjonii, UF 278-84891. A‒C. Distinct growth rings, gradual transition from earlywood to latewood, traumatic resin canals, TS. D. Uniseriate rays, TLS. E, F. Intertracheary pitting mostly uniseriate, rays composed of ray parenchyma cells, RLS. G. Mostly two pits per cross-field, difficult to determine if taxodioid or cupressoid; n to left of nodular end wall; p above pitted horizontal walls, RLS. Scale bars=500 µm in A; 200 µm in B; 100 µm in C, D; E; 50 µm in F; 20 µm in G.

Figure 11. Ulmaceae. Ulmus woodii. A in A late Eocene wood assemblage from the Crooked River Basin, Oregon, USA

Figure 11. Ulmaceae. Ulmus woodii. A. Pith composed of isodiameteric parenchymatous cells, first ring of wood with vessels mostly solitary and in radial alignment, TS, UF 278-84883. B. Rings 2 and 3 semi-ring-porous, TS, UF 278-84883. C. Outermost rings of the sample, latewood vessels in radial multiples and clusters in a ulmiform pattern, UF 278-84866. D‒F. Rays composed of procumbent cells, crowded alternate intervessel pits (IVP), vessel-ray parenchyma pits (VRP) of similar size to intervessel pits, crystalliferous axial parenchyma strands (C), RLS, UF 278-62702. E. Ray mostly 3‒5-seriate, uniseriate rays rare, TLS. F. Multiseriate rays, and crystalliferous axial parenchyma strands (C), TLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A–C; 100 µm in E; 50 µm in D, F.