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FIGURE 8. a in Hemitaeniochromis brachyrhynchus, a new species of cichlid fish from Lake Malaŵi, with comments on some other supposed members of the genus (Teleostei: Cichlidae)

FIGURE 8. a, Protomelas insignis, USNM 266835, large breeding male, immediately postmortem; MalaŴi: Lake MalaŴi: Thumbi Island West, off S-facing bay 200 m E of island's W end, rock/sand interface, demersal trammel and experimental gillnets, depth 41–48 m, 24–26 Jun. 1980; M.K. Oliver, K.R. McKaye, & T.D. Kocher. b, Otopharynx ovatus, MKO 80-62, adult, apparently male, immediately postmortem; MalaŴi: Lake MalaŴi: Nankumba Peninsula 300 m S of Otter Island, rock/sand interface, demersal trammel nets, depth 30–55 m, 9–10 Jul. 1980; M.K. Oliver, K.R. McKaye, & T.D. Kocher. Note images are not to the same scale.

FIGURE 6 in Hemitaeniochromis brachyrhynchus, a new species of cichlid fish from Lake Malaŵi, with comments on some other supposed members of the genus (Teleostei: Cichlidae)

FIGURE 6. Protomelas kirkii, type species of Protomelas, living adult specimens. a, Apparent male, YPM 14519, MalaŴi: Lake MalaŴi: Nankumba Peninsula, off beach between Otter Point and Chembe, sand with Potamogeton and Vallisneria beds, 4–5 m depth, 7 Aug. 1980; M.K. Oliver, K.R. McKaye, & T.D. Kocher. b, Another individual, MKO 80-126, MalaŴi: Lake MalaŴi: Nankumba Peninsula, off swamp at NE end Chembe village, sand, 3 m depth, experimental gillnets & trammel nets set in series parallel to shore, 17–18 Aug. 1980; M.K. Oliver, K.R. McKaye, & T.D. Kocher. Note midlateral stripe with origin close behind operculum, and small, narrow mouth. Note images are not to the same scale.

FIGURE 3 in Hemitaeniochromis brachyrhynchus, a new species of cichlid fish from Lake Malaŵi, with comments on some other supposed members of the genus (Teleostei: Cichlidae)

FIGURE 3. Hemitaeniochromis brachyrhynchus. All scale bars = 2 mm. a, MRAC 99-41-P-1746, paratype, 81.5 mm SL, in left and slightly anterolateral view, showing jaws, dentition, and most of lacrimal bone. b, Same, showing exposed crowns of unequally bicuspid anterior teeth, the nearly conical major cusps angled forward and slightly outward. c, YPM 25201, holotype, 123.6 mm SL, in left and slightly dorsolateral view, showing anterior part of lower jaw. d, Same, showing exposed tips of nearly conical crowns angled forward and slightly outward, largely buried in thickened mucosa.

FIGURE 6 in Krobia xinguensis, a new species of cichlid fish from the Xingu River drainage in Brazil (Teleostei: Cichlidae)

FIGURE 6. Comparative morphometrics of species of Krobia. Caudal peduncle depth plotted against Standard Length.

FIGURE 1. Krobia xinguensis, INPA 35653 in Krobia xinguensis, a new species of cichlid fish from the Xingu River drainage in Brazil (Teleostei: Cichlidae)

FIGURE 1. Krobia xinguensis, INPA 35653. Holotype, adult male, 74.4 mm SL. Brazil, State of Pará, Ilha de Babaquara, rio Xingu.

FIGURE 8 in Krobia xinguensis, a new species of cichlid fish from the Xingu River drainage in Brazil (Teleostei: Cichlidae)

FIGURE 8. Comparative morphometrics of species of Krobia. Plot of scores of sheared principal component II against sheared principal component III, based on distance data.

FIGURE 7 in Krobia xinguensis, a new species of cichlid fish from the Xingu River drainage in Brazil (Teleostei: Cichlidae)

FIGURE 7. Comparative morphometrics of species of Krobia. Body depth plotted against Standard Length.

FIGURE 5 in Krobia petitella, a new species of cichlid fish from the Berbice River in Guyana (Teleostei: Cichlidae)

FIGURE 5. Collection sites of Krobia petitella n. sp.. Type locality is represented by an empty circle. One point may represent more than one collection locality.

FIGURE 3 in Krobia petitella, a new species of cichlid fish from the Berbice River in Guyana (Teleostei: Cichlidae)

FIGURE 3. Diagrammatic representation of lateral band, vertical bars, and facial markings distinguishing Krobia species. a, K. petitella, n. sp.; b, K. xinguensis; from holotype photo (Kullander 2012); c, K. guianensis; from ROM 87784; d, K. itanyi from AUM 50759 and ANSP 189588 (posterior spot in hatch marks of bar 3 may be present or absent, see Kullander and Nijssen 1989); e, K. potaroensis; from holotype illustration (Eigenmann 1912, Plate LXVI, Fig.2) and descriptions from Kullander and Nijssen (1989); f, K. paloemeuensis; from holotype photo (Kullander and Nijssen 1989).

FIGURE 1 in Krobia petitella, a new species of cichlid fish from the Berbice River in Guyana (Teleostei: Cichlidae)

FIGURE 1. Diagrammatic representation of head markings, vertical bar patterns and counts, lateral band spot pattern and counts in Krobia. Abbreviations are as follows: ALS, anterolateral spot; CS, caudal spot; IOS, interorbital stripes; LLL, lower lateral line; MLS, mid-lateral spot; POB, postorbital band; POS, preorbital stripe; SOS, suborbital stripe; ULL, upper lateral line.

FIGURE 1 in Crenicichla gillmorlisi, a new species of cichlid fish (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from the Paraná river drainage in Paraguay

FIGURE 1. Crenicichla gillmorlisi, holotype, adult female, MNHNP 126, 76.2 mm SL. Río Acaray, dry arm below Lago Acaray.

FIGURE 3 in Crenicichla gillmorlisi, a new species of cichlid fish (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from the Paraná river drainage in Paraguay

FIGURE 3. Crenicichla gillmorlisi. Lower pharyngeal toothplate in occlusal, caudal, and lateral view. From MHNG 2730.058, 131.6 mm SL. Distance between tips of posterior processes 13.1 mm.

FIGURE 6 in Crenicichla gillmorlisi, a new species of cichlid fish (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from the Paraná river drainage in Paraguay

FIGURE 6. Map of eastern Paraguay showing geographical distribution of Crenicichla gillmorlisi, based on collecting localities, all in the río Acaray drainage in Paraguay.

FIGURE 2. Crenicichla gillmorlisi, paratypes. A. Juvenile, 30.4 in Crenicichla gillmorlisi, a new species of cichlid fish (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from the Paraná river drainage in Paraguay

FIGURE 2. Crenicichla gillmorlisi, paratypes. A. Juvenile, 30.4 mm SL, NRM 41828. B. Young, 41.6 mm SL, MNHNP 3686. C. Paratype, adult female, 73.9 mm SL, MNHNP 3686. D. adult female, 120.1 mm SL, MNHNG 2395.11. E. Adult male, 174.3 mm SL, NRM 42452.

FIGURE 4 in Crenicichla gillmorlisi, a new species of cichlid fish (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from the Paraná river drainage in Paraguay

FIGURE 4. Crenicichla gillmorlisi. Adult, probable male, 137.0 mm SL. MHNIB 0234. Yguazú Reservoir at José D. Ocampos. Freshly collected 28–29 Feb 2012. Photo by Walter A. Gill Morlis A.

FIGURE 6 in Retroculus acherontos, a new species of cichlid fish (Teleostei) from the Rio Tocantins basin

FIGURE 6. Epibranchial lobe on the first branchial arch of (A) Geophagus altifrons, MZUSP 8547, 148 mm SL, and (B) Retroculus acherontos, MZUSP 85826, 161.3 mm SL. Lateral view, anterior to left.

FIGURE 5 in Retroculus acherontos, a new species of cichlid fish (Teleostei) from the Rio Tocantins basin

FIGURE 5. Supracleithrum of Retroculus acherontos, MZUSP 85838. Lateral view, anterior to left. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 3 in Retroculus acherontos, a new species of cichlid fish (Teleostei) from the Rio Tocantins basin

FIGURE 3. Lachrymals and tubular infraorbitals of Retroculus acherontos, MZUSP 85838. Lateral view, anterior to right. Scale bar = 3 mm.

FIGURE 8 in Retroculus acherontos, a new species of cichlid fish (Teleostei) from the Rio Tocantins basin

FIGURE 8. Radiograph of (A) Retroculus acherontos holotype, MZUSP 85823, 112.5 mm SL, and (B) Retroculus lapidifer, MZUSP 40682, 138.5 mm SL. Arrows indicate the hypapophyses. Lateral view, anterior to left.

FIGURE 2 in Retroculus acherontos, a new species of cichlid fish (Teleostei) from the Rio Tocantins basin

FIGURE 2. Vomero-Palatine apparatus of (A) Retroculus acherontos, MZUSP 85826, 161.3 mm SL, (B) R. xinguensis, MZUSP 40682, 78.2 mm SL, and (C) R. septentrionalis, paratype, MZUSP 38947, 106.2 mm SL. Ventral view, anterior to top. Arrows indicate the lateral depressions. V indicate the ventral projection of vomer.