Find research datasets worth reusing

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2022View details →

Costs and Benefits of Energy Communities - Collection of Literature

<p>The files contain references to studies of different impacts of energy communities, based on the collection reviewed in Berka & Creamer (2018) and with some additions. The typology of impacts differs from that used by Berka and Creamer.</p>

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2022View details →

Morpho-anatomical traits explain the effects of bacterial-feeding nematodes on soil bacterial community composition and plant growth and nutrition

<p>Soil Bacterial populations</p> <p>V3-V4, of the 16S rRNA gene using the primers 341F CCTAYGGGRBGCASCAG and 806R GGACTACNNGGGTATCTAAT.</p>

BVNA Community Informatics Project Dataset I

<p>This collection comprises geospatial datasets used to create the Beaverdam Valley Neighborhood Association community map and the resulting map in pdf and jpeg formats. This scope of the map covers the borders of Buncombe County, North Carolina, the city limits of Asheville, NC, and the three registered neighborhoods of the Beaverdam Valley (Beaverdam Valley, Hills of Beaverdam, and Beaverdam Run). The geospatial data includes the following layers and associated files:  </p> <ul> <li>"AVL City Limits.geojson": City of Asheville GIS municipal boundary data</li> <li>"AVL City Limits.qmd": QGIS metadata file for the above </li> <li>"AVL Neighborhoods.geojson": City of Asheville GIS registered neighborhood data</li> <li>"AVL Neighborhoods.qmd": QGIS metadata file for the above</li> <li>"Buncombe_County_Parcels.geojson": Buncombe County GIS parcel data. </li> <li>"Buncombe_County_Parcels.qmd": QGIS metadata file for the above</li> <li>"BV Boundaries.geojson": Beaverdam Valley Neighborhood boundaries. </li> <li>"BV Boundaries.qmd": QGIS metadata file for the above</li> <li>"BV Parcel Intersection.geojson": Intersection of the Beverdam Valley Neighborhood boundaries with the Buncombe County Parcel data.</li> <li>"BV Parcel Intersection.qmd": QGIS metadata file for the above</li> <li>"BVNA_Map_2022_v2.pdf": BVNA CIP Community Map</li> <li>"BVNA_Map_2022_v2_825.jpg": BVNA CIP Community Map</li> <li>"City Limits.geojson": Buncombe county boundaries and city limits boundaries witin the county. </li> <li>"QGIS BVNA CIP.zip": Zip file containing the above layers in a QGIS project folder and file.</li> </ul> <p>About the Project: The Beaverdam Valley Neighborhood Association (BVNA) Community Informatics Project aims to gain deeper understanding of the  Beaverdam Valley community and to work towards gathering and sharing information about the community and its history. This collection represents a deliverable produced under the 2022-2023 City of Asheville Neighborhood Matching Grant program. </p>

Psychological Sense of Community: Inhaltsvalidität von Testverfahren in Abhängigkeit von Bezugsgemeinschaften

<p>The data set supplements the doctoral dissertation:</p> <p>Krumbholz, F. (2025). <em>Psychological Sense of Community: Inhaltsvalidität von Testverfahren in Abhängigkeit von Bezugsgemeinschaften</em> [Psychological Sense of Community: Content validity of tests in dependence of reference communities]. Wiesbaden: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-47919-0</p>

BVNA Community Informatics Project StoryMap

<p>This collection represents the Annexation History StoryMap created for the Beaverdam Valley Neighborhood Association Community Informatics Project, containing the associated geojson, pdf, and tiff files. The StoryMap describes the annexation history of Beaverdam Valley (including the registered neighborhoods of Beaverdam Valley, Hills of Beaverdam, and Beaverdam Run) in Asheville, North Carolina from 1929 until August 2023 with the most recent annexation being in 2005. The collection includes the following associated files:  </p> <ul> <li>"<a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/53a59d4e-6f52-4b69-a634-f468c4fcce7c/Annex%201929-1960.tiff?versionId=4f2e551a-975a-461b-9c7d-9632ab598fa1">Annex 1929-1960.tiff</a>": image file showing Annexations in Beaverdam Valley through 1960</li> <li>"<a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/53a59d4e-6f52-4b69-a634-f468c4fcce7c/Annex%201929-1964.tiff?versionId=063b677a-45a1-4b14-8586-884f91be865a">Annex 1929-1964.tiff</a>": image file showing Annexations in Beaverdam Valley through 1964</li> <li>"<a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/53a59d4e-6f52-4b69-a634-f468c4fcce7c/Annex%201929-1980.tiff?versionId=9388d5e7-75e4-4025-8e9c-e661a7cf46f1">Annex 1929-1980.tiff</a>": image file showing Annexations in Beaverdam Valley through 1980</li> <li>"<a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/53a59d4e-6f52-4b69-a634-f468c4fcce7c/Annex%201929-1991.tiff?versionId=e0f49d03-59b9-4ba3-95e4-a31ce5991603">Annex 1929-1991.tiff</a>" image file showing Annexations in Beaverdam Valley through 1991</li> <li>"<a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/53a59d4e-6f52-4b69-a634-f468c4fcce7c/Annex%201929-1995.tiff?versionId=4412d044-aae1-4cc3-8826-7429519c9358">Annex 1929-1995.tiff</a>": image file showing Annexations in Beaverdam Valley through 1995</li> <li>"<a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/53a59d4e-6f52-4b69-a634-f468c4fcce7c/Annex%201929-2005.tiff?versionId=0469a2e7-7132-46cd-b5df-5769be0082f2">Annex 1929-2005.tiff</a>": image file showing Annexations in Beaverdam Valley through 2005</li> <li>"<a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/53a59d4e-6f52-4b69-a634-f468c4fcce7c/Annex%201929.tiff?versionId=d0666b27-80b8-48bd-b4cf-a43cedde1f32">Annex 1929.tiff</a>": image file showing Annexation in Beaverdam Valley in 1929 </li> <li>"Asheville_Annexation_History.geojson": City of Asheville GIS Annexation history</li> <li>"Asheville_Annexation_History.qmd": QGIS metadata for the above</li> <li>"Beaverdam_Annexation_Storymap_Final.pdf": pdf of StoryMap</li> </ul> <p>About the Project: The Beaverdam Valley Neighborhood Association (BVNA) Community Informatics Project aims to gain deeper understanding of the  Beaverdam Valley community and to work towards gathering and sharing information about the community and its history. This collection represents a deliverable produced under the 2022-2023 City of Asheville Neighborhood Matching Grant program. </p>

data for Hogan et al. 2023: "Functional consequences of animal community changes in managed grasslands: An application of the CAFE approach"

<p>Data to accompany the following publication:</p> <div> <div> <div> <div>Hogan, K. F. E., Jones, H. P., Savage, K., Burke, A. M., Guiden, P. W., Hosler, S. C., Rowland‐Schaefer, E., & Barber, N. A. (2023). Functional consequences of animal community changes in managed grasslands: An application of the CAFE approach. <em>Ecology</em>, e4192. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.4192">https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.4192</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <p>Please see README for description of data. </p> <p>Paper abstract: In the midst of an ongoing biodiversity crisis, much research has focused on species losses and their impacts on ecosystem functioning. The functional consequences (ecosystem response) of shifts in communities are shaped not only by changes in species richness, but also by compositional shifts that result from species losses and gains. Species differ in their contribution to ecosystem functioning, so species identity underlies the consequences of species losses and gains on ecosystem functions. Such research is critical to better predict the impact of disturbances on communities and ecosystems. We used the ‘Community Assembly and the Functioning of Ecosystems’ (CAFE) approach, a modification of the Price equation to understand the functional consequences and relative effects of richness and composition changes in small non-volant mammal and dung beetle communities as a result of two common disturbances in North American prairie restorations – prescribed fire and reintroduction of large grazing mammals. Previous research in this system shows dung beetles are critically important decomposers, while small mammals modulate much energy in prairie food webs.  We found that dung beetle communities were more responsive to bison reintroduction and prescribed fires than small non-volant mammals.  Dung beetle richness increased after bison reintroduction, with higher dung beetle community biomass resulting from changes in remaining species (context-dependent component) rather than species turnover (richness components); prescribed fire caused a minor increase in dung beetle biomass for the same reason. For small mammals, bison reintroduction reduced energy transfer through the loss of species, while prescribed fire had little impact on either small mammal richness or energy transfer. The CAFE approach demonstrates how bison reintroduction controls small non-volant mammal communities by increasing prairie food web complexity, and increases dung beetle populations with possible benefits for soil health through dung mineralization and soil bioturbation. Prescribed fires, however, have little effect on small mammals and dung beetles, suggesting a resilience to fire. These findings illustrate the key role of re-establishing historical disturbance regimes when restoring endangered prairie ecosystems and their ecological function.</p>

openCC (other)Nov 2021View details →

Environmental and ecological controls of coral community metabolism on Palmyra Atoll

These data sets describe Palmyra Atoll coral reef Environmental and ecological controls of coral community metabolism. Data was collected between August—October 2012. Data in this package was published under: Koweek, D., R. Dunbar, J. Rogers, G. Williams, N. Price, D. Mucciarone, and L. Teneva, Environmental and ecological controls of coral community metabolism on Palmyra Atoll Coral Reefs. There are six data files associated with Koweek et al. This data was originally published at NOAA’s National Center for Environmental Information. See Data Provenance section for more details.

openCC (other)Apr 2023View details →

Submersed Aquatic Vegetation community multi-year data from the Sacramento - San Joaquin Delta in California

Since 2007, field data have been collected in the Sacramento - San Joaquin Delta in northern California for the purpose of training and validating invasive species maps derived from remote sensing imagery over the Delta. The field crew collected submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) species location data. For each point they noted attributes such as species name(s), location, cover estimates, and patch size. In addition, a thatching rake tethered to a rope was thrown off the side of the boat and pulled back out of the water; Secchi depth was measured using a Secchi disk and depth to the SAV mat was estimated by the field crew. Points were collected in patches larger than 9 square meters (3 m x 3 m). Point locations were measured using high precision (sub-meter accuracy) Trimble DGPS units (Trimble Navigation Limited, Sunnyvale, California) with Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) differential correction. All data points were exported as ArcGIS shapefiles and projected to UTM Zone 10N, Datum WGS-84 however this dataset includes the Latitude and Longitude of each point in decimal degrees. The spatial and attribute data quality was checked by examining photos of the data points and confirming the identify of the documented species.

Journey North - Red-winged blackbird observations by volunteer community scientists across Central and North America (1999-2020)

This data package contains Red-winged Blackbird migration data consisting of 9,352 total observational reports from 1999 - 2020 across North and Central America. These data were collected by 4,647 community scientists for Journey North, a crowdsourced participatory science program of the University of Wisconsin-Madison Arboretum. The Journey North Red-winged Blackbird Project is an ongoing study of Red-winged Blackbird phenology conducted at broad spatial and temporal scales. Since 1999, community scientists have tracked first arrival dates and breeding and feeding behavior as well as the onset of fall migration and presence of Red-winged blackbird species throughout the winter months in the United States. The focal species is the Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus). Observers also provide estimates of the number of birds sighted. However, observers do not follow standardized methods for counting species observed. Observers do not observe at set times of the day, do not repeat observations regularly, and are not required to provide the length of time during which a specified number of species observed were counted. Therefore, it is recommended that this dataset be analyzed to indicate presence not abundance. Researchers are encouraged to read the rich information provided by volunteers in their comments. These comments provide qualitative information about observational reports. Researchers are also encouraged to refer to submitted photographs that also provide context for observational reports. The Journey North Red-winged Blackbird Project dataset is hosted by the University of Wisconsin-Madison Shared Web Hosting Service.

Journey North - American Robin observations by volunteer community scientists across Central and North America (1996-2020)

This data package contains American Robin migration data consisting of 39,260 total observational reports from 1996 - 2020 across North and Central America. These data were collected by 17,619 community scientists for Journey North, a crowdsourced participatory science program of the University of Wisconsin-Madison Arboretum. The Journey North American Robin Project is an ongoing study of American Robin phenology conducted at broad spatial and temporal scales. Since 1996, community scientists have tracked first arrival dates and breeding and feeding behavior as well as the onset of fall migration and presence of American Robin species throughout the winter months in the United States. The focal species is the American Robin (Turdus migratorius). Observers also provide estimates of the number of birds sighted. However, observers do not follow standardized methods for counting species observed. Observers do not observe at set times of the day, do not repeat observations regularly, and are not required to provide the length of time during which a specified number of species observed were counted. Therefore, it is recommended that this dataset be analyzed to indicate presence not abundance. Researchers are encouraged to read the rich information provided by volunteers in their comments. These comments provide qualitative information about observational reports. Researchers are also encouraged to refer to submitted photographs that also provide context for observational reports. The Journey North American Robin Project dataset is hosted by the University of Wisconsin-Madison Shared Web Hosting Service.

Journey North - Barn Swallow observations by volunteer community scientists across Central and North America (2000-2020)

This data package contains Barn Swallow migration data consisting of 3,836 total observational reports from 2000 - 2020 across North America and Central America. These data were collected by 1,320 community scientists for Journey North, a crowdsourced participatory science program of the University of Wisconsin-Madison Arboretum. The Journey North Barn Swallow Project is an ongoing study of Barn Swallow phenology conducted at broad spatial and temporal scales. Since 2000, community scientists have tracked first arrival dates of Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica) in the United States. Observers also provide estimates of the number of birds sighted. However, observers do not follow standardized methods for counting species observed. Observers do not observe at set times of the day, do not repeat observations regularly, and are not required to provide the length of time during which a specified number of species observed were counted. Therefore, it is recommended that this dataset be analyzed to indicate presence not abundance. Researchers are encouraged to read the rich information provided by volunteers in their comments. These comments provide qualitative information about observational reports. Researchers are also encouraged to refer to submitted photographs that also provide context for observational reports. The Journey North Barn Swallow Project dataset is hosted by the University of Wisconsin-Madison Shared Web Hosting Service.

Journey North - Tulip observations by volunteer community scientists across North America (1996-2020)

This data package contains tulip phenology data consisting of 21,148 total observational reports from 1996 - 2020 across North America. These data were collected by 6,645 community scientists for Journey North, a crowdsourced participatory science program of the University of Wisconsin-Madison Arboretum. The Journey North Tulip Test Garden Project is an ongoing study of tulip phenology conducted at broad spatial and temporal scales. Since 1996, community scientists have tracked planting, emergence, and blooming of tulips (Tulipa L.) in the United States. Most observations should be of the Red Emperor Tulip, but not all observations can be validated as this species. Researchers are encouraged to read observer comments to confirm tulip species. Observers also provide estimates of the number of tulips sighted. However, observers do not follow standardized methods for counting species observed. Observers do not observe at set times of the day, do not repeat observations regularly, and are not required to provide the length of time during which a specified number of species observed were counted. Therefore, it is recommended that this dataset be analyzed to indicate broad phenological information. Researchers are encouraged to read the rich information provided by volunteers in their comments. These comments provide qualitative information about observational reports. Researchers are also encouraged to refer to submitted photographs that also provide context for observational reports. The Journey North Tulip Test Garden Project dataset is hosted by the University of Wisconsin-Madison Shared Web Hosting Service.

Summer water chemistry, phytoplankton and zooplankton community composition, size structure, and biomass in a shallow, hypereutrophic reservoir in southwestern Iowa, USA (2019).

This data product contains data for Green Valley Lake, a hypereutrophic reservoir in southwest Iowa (USA) from the summer of 2019. We sampled and quantified zooplankton, phytoplankton, and nutrient concentrations (total N, total P, soluble reactive P, nitrate) in the lake weekly with the primary aim of assessing consumer nutrient cycling, specifically zooplankton nutrient cycling, in a hypereutrophic reservoir. Weekly plankton sampling included quantifying zooplankton and phytoplankton biomass, community composition, and size structure. Phytoplankton size was measured as the greatest axial linear distance which would be approached by a zooplankton grazer. Allometric equations from the literature were applied to the zooplankton size measurements to estimate zooplankton community excretion of N and P. We found that the estimated contribution of zooplankton excretion to the dissolved P pool was substantial in the spring. Further, we found evidence that zooplankton affected phytoplankton size distributions through selective grazing of smaller phytoplankton cells likely affecting nutrient uptake and storage by phytoplankton.

openCC0Dec 2022View details →

The recovery of plant community composition following passive restoration across spatial scales, Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve, 1983-2016

1. Human impacts have led to dramatic biodiversity change which can be highly scale-dependent across space and time. A primary means to manage these changes is via passive (here, the removal of disturbance) or active (management interventions) ecological restoration. The recovery of biodiversity, following the removal of disturbance is often incomplete relative to some kind of reference target. The magnitude of recovery of ecological systems following disturbance depend on the landscape matrix, as well as the temporal and spatial scales at which biodiversity is measured. 2. We measured the recovery of biodiversity and species composition over 27 years in 17 temperate grasslands abandoned after agriculture at different points in time, collectively forming a chronosequence since abandonment from one to eighty years. We compare these abandoned sites with known agricultural land-use histories to never-disturbed sites as relative benchmarks. We specifically measured aspects of diversity at the local plot-scale (α-scale, 0.5m2) and site-scale (γ-scale, 10m2), as well as the within-site heterogeneity (β-diversity) and among-site variation in species composition (turnover and nestedness). 3. At our α-scale, sites recovering after agricultural abandonment only had 70% of the plant species richness (and ~30% of the evenness), compared to never-ploughed sites. Within-site β-diversity recovered following agricultural abandonment to around 90% after 80 years. This effect, however, was not enough to lead to recovery at our γ-scale. Richness in recovering sites was ~65% of that in remnant never-ploughed sites. The presence of species characteristic of the never disturbed sites increased in the recovering sites through time. Forb and legume cover declines in years since abandonment, relative to graminoid cover across sites. 4. Synthesis. We found that, during the 80 years after agricultural abandonment, old-fields did not recover to the level of biodiversity in remnant never-plough

openCC0Mar 2023View details →

Submersed aquatic vegetation community composition in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta integrated across four surveys

Submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) has become widespread in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (Delta), and the diverse SAV assemblage is dominated by non-native species. SAV negatively impacts this estuarine ecosystem by impeding flows needed for water delivery and flood control, degrading habitat needed by native species, increasing breeding habitat for disease-vectoring mosquitoes, harboring non-native predatory fish, and hindering water recreation. The goal of this published integrated dataset is to facilitate study of these impacts. This data set includes four surveys conducted in the region during 2008-2021. Two of these are short-term special studies that have been completed, and two are ongoing long-term annual surveys. The nearshore survey of SAV and largemouth bass was conducted by the University of California-Davis (UC-Davis) at sites across the Delta during 2008-2010. The Aquatic Weed Control Action was completed by the Department of Water Resources as part of the Delta Smelt Resiliency Strategy and included monthly surveys of four sites during 2017-2018. The ongoing survey of Franks Tract is conducted annually by the SePRO corporation and the Division of Boating and Waterways, and available data are from 2014-2021. The ongoing annual survey conducted by the UC-Davis Center for Spatial Technologies and Remote Sensing covers many areas of the Delta and spans 2007-2008 and 2014-2021. Additional data from these ongoing surveys and data from other surveys will be added in subsequent versions of this data set.

openCC (other)Apr 2023View details →

Understory plant community data from repeated plot sampling (1978-2019) in old-growth northern hardwood forest, northern Michigan (Dukes RNA, Hiawatha National Forest)

This data-set includes long-term, permanent-plot-based data for understory plant communities in old-growth mixed northern hardwood-hemlock forest and forested peatland in the Upper Great Lakes region. Data for over 900 understory quadrats (all associated with long-term canopy data from larger permanent plots) included multiple (2-5) remeasurements over 23-40 years, with longest periods and most remeasurements for upland forest types. The Dukes Research Natural Area (RNA) (https://www.fs.usda.gov/research/nrs/rnas/locations/dukes) in the Hiawatha National Forest (Marquette Co., MI) includes ca. 100 ha of largely unlogged, original forest. Publications cited below include more detailed information about the site. About half of the RNA supports upland forests intergrading from hemlock (Tsuga candensis) dominance to mixtures of hemlock and northern hardwoods species. Sugar maple (Acer saccharum) is dominant over much of the upland area, with, locally, significant admixtures of beech (Fagus grandifolia), yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis), and red maple (Acer rubrum). Topographic relief is very slight with total elevational change within the RNA only about 10 m. The stand is within a few km of the western limit of the continuous range of beech. In 1935, 248 continuing forest inventory (CFI) plots (circular, 0.2 acre) were established on a regular grid throughout the RNA, and these have been the subject of repeated sampling through 2018-2019 and support continuing long-term study addressing canopy tree communities (canopy data to be deposited in a separate project). Examples of resulting publications are cited elsewhere in metadata, and can provide more detailed information about the RNA. In 1978-80, U.S. Forest Service researchers, directed by Jan Schultz and Frederick Metzger, initiated studies of understory communities, including herbaceous species and woody seedlings. Data were derived from four sub-quadrats within each of the CFI plots. These quadrats were re-estab

openCC0Sep 2023View details →

Density-dependent effects of exotic brook trout on aquatic communities in mountain lakes revealed by environmental DNA and morphological taxonomy

Invasion of non-native fishes threatens freshwater biodiversity worldwide. Yet, detailed estimates of population demography for invasive species, that estimate population size and body size of the invasive species, are rarely integrated in evaluating aquatic community responses. Our study capitalized on detailed brook trout population demographic data collected for a replicated whole lake ecosystem experiment involving experimental harvesting of exotic brook trout in nine mountain lakes. We applied environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding and morphological taxonomy to examine the response of crustacean zooplankton and macroinvertebrate communities to gradients in brook trout effective density and lake elevation. Density-dependent effects of brook trout on crustacean zooplankton and macroinvertebrate communities were detected even decades after their first introductions (between 1926 and 1980). However, they were moderated by environmental factors such as elevation, lake maximum depth and dissolved organic carbon. Elevation was important in structuring crustacean zooplankton and macroinvertebrate community composition. While there were differences in explanatory variables when describing communities characterized by eDNA metabarcoding and morphological taxonomy, the principal environmental factors that structured the communities were similar. Our paper highlights persisting density-dependent impacts of exotic trout on invertebrate communities even decades after first introduction, and it considers the conservation implications for lake restoration.

openCC0Feb 2024View details →

Dreissenid mussel shell deposition, and benthic community data in the Rouge and Huron Rivers, Southeastern, MI., USA.

This data package was assembled and accompanies a project entitled "Investigating the effects of Dreissenid mussel shells in streams post-invasion," carried out in the Rouge and Huron Rivers in Southeastern, MI., USA in 2017. We assessed the impacts of Dreissenid shells on macroinvertebrates and fish communities. This package includes dreissenid shell density data, water quality data during macroinvertebrate sampling, macroinvertebrate data, water quality data during fish sampling in spring, fish data from spring, water quality data during fall sampling, and fish data from fall. All data tables feature rivers, identifiers, GPS coordinates, and sample dates.

openCC (other)Dec 2023View details →

Bird Communities in Fragmented, Non-Native Pine Plantations in the Oak Openings Region of Northwest Ohio

Comprehensive surveys, while preferred, are not always feasible due to time, logistical, and funding constraints. However, limited surveys of focal taxa, such as birds, coupled with vegetation surveys, can provide critical information to guide land management. In the 1930s non-native conifers were planted in the Oak Openings Region of northwestern Ohio, a biodiversity hotspot. The stands are declining, and management is needed, but restoration to native habitat is time consuming and expensive. Our research utilized an avian perspective of ecological function of introduced pine plantations versus native remnants to guide management. We surveyed bird activity May through July 2020 with point-counts in nine sites (1.3-2.3 ha) with three each of white pine, red pine, and oak forest sites. At each site, we estimated bird richness, abundance, and diversity, as well as structural characteristics (e.g., canopy cover), composition (e.g., vegetation types), and landscape context (e.g., landcover). Superficially, the pine sites appear to be beneficial as pine habitat for breeding birds, with high Simpson’s indices (up to 0.89) and high species richness compared to oak sites. However, our results reveal that the pines are not truly functioning as pine habitat for birds based on the limited occurrence of pine specialist species, proportion of generalists to pine specialists, and landscape context. Simple measures of diversity with no consideration as to species identity and without the environmental context fail to provide reliable measures of ecological value. Instead, we recommend selective sampling and consideration of landscape context, vegetation structure, and species classification to guide management.