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22,445 results for “diversity”
Agriculture - General: biological diversity 5
<p>Dataset of Invasive species - initial compilation of aquatic invasive species National Biodiversity Data Centre (2016). National Invasive Species Database. Occurrence dataset <a href="https://doi.org/10.15468/pkjqbk">https://doi.org/10.15468/pkjqbk</a> accessed via GBIF.org</p>
Bioinformatic pipeline: Genomic diversity landscape of the honey bee gut microbiota
<p>This data-set describes the full bioinformatic pipeline used to analyze 54 metagenomic samples of the honey bee gut microbiota. Each sample was isolated from an individual honey bee, and all samples originate from two colonies of the Engel laboratory at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland. The full raw data-set is available from the sequence-read archive: SRP150166.</p> <p>A publication based on this analysis is currently under review, with the title: "Genomic diversity landscape of the honey bee gut microbiota", and an upload to Biorxiv is also underway.</p> <p>The data-set contains tar-balls for the different main workflows of the analysis. Dowload and unpack to view the contents (tar -zxvf filename.tar.gz). For each workflow, all directories contain README.txt files, describing the contents of the directory. Due to size constraints, some intermediate files have been omitted, and some workflows are demonstrated for a subset of the data. However, the full analysis can be reproduced from the raw data, using the provided scripts.</p> <p>Scripts are included within workflow directories, and are also provided as a separate tar-ball for convenience. All perl-scripts come with documentation, which can be viewed by typing: "perl script_name.pl -h". For R scripts, the usage is indicated as a comment in the top lines of each script. Note that many of the scripts require specific input-files to be present in the run-directory. Their usage is demonstrated within the workflow directories in bash-scripts (*.sh). Commands used for generating plots and some statistics are given within workflow directories in text-files "R.commands" when applicable.</p> <p>Aside from custom code, the pipeline also utilizes various open-source Software packages, which are detailed in the file "software_dependencies.txt". Note, while many of the scripts will run fast on any computer, some steps of the pipeline are computationally demanding, and will require significant computing time, as well as storage space. When scripts are known to be time-consuming, this is indicated in the script help message.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Data and Code for "Cell Type-specific Genome Scans of DNA Methylation Diversity Indicate an Important Role for Transposable Elements"
<p>This is a release of the gitlab repository "meta-methylome" (https://gitlab.com/okartal/meta-methylome.git) that, in addition to the code, also contains the resulting genomic data.</p> <p>Extract the directory on the command line using</p> <pre><code class="language-bash">$ tar -xhzvf meta-methylome.tar.gz</code></pre> <p>to preserve the symbolic links.</p>
D-PLACE dataset derived from Jenkins et al. 2013 'Global patterns of terrestrial vertebrate diversity and conservation'
<p>Cite the source of the dataset as:</p> <blockquote> <p>Jenkins CN, Pimm SL, Joppa LN. Global patterns of terrestrial vertebrate diversity and conservation. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2013;110: E2602–E2610.</p> </blockquote>
DATA: Diversity of extracellular vesicles derived from calli, cell culture and apoplastic fluid of tobacco
<p><span>The data includes .jpg files with fluorescence readings and .csv files with results of concentration and size measurements.</span></p>
Nairobi_Street_Trees_Distribution_Diversity
<p>Input data and code to accompany the paper:</p> <p>Alice Gerow, Vivian Kathambi, Dexter Locke, Mark Ashton, Craig Brodersen. Street tree communities reflect socioeconomic inequalities and legacy effects of colonial planning in Nairobi, Kenya. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128530">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128530</a></p> <p>The input data consists in street tree observations collected during a field survey conducted between June and August 2023 in Nairobi, Kenya. The code includes descriptive tables and plots, statistical tests, and alpha and beta diversity metrics and visualizations used to compare ecological communities across social groups.</p>
Ensemble projections (+ uncertainties) of contemporary (2012-2031) and future (2081-2100) mean annual plankton/phytoplankton/zooplankton species diversity (and species turn-over in time) for the global surface open ocean.
<p><em><strong>Gridded spatial fields (raster objects) containing the species distribution models (SDMs) projections of mean annual plankton total plankton, phytoplankton and zooplankton species diversity from Benedetti et al. (2021). </strong></em></p> <p>The present .grd file ('rasterStack' object in R) contain the fields of mean annual surface plankton/phytoplankton/zooplankton species diversity for the contemporary (2012-2031) and future (2081-2100) conditions of the global open ocean (i.e., data underlying those maps in Figure 1 and Figure 3 of Benedetti et al., 2021). Layers quantifying the uncertainty (i.e., the variablity across models projections estimated through the standard deviation) in ensemble projections were also added (i.e., data underlying the maps in Supplementary Figure 4). See the Methods section of Benedetti et al. (2021) for a full description of the methodology and the ensemble SDMs forecasting framework. The raster layers follow the 1°x1° cell grid of the World Ocean Atlas (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/).</p> <p>In short, we empirically modelled the monthly and mean annual diversity patterns stemming from the distribution of 860 plankton species (336 phytoplankton, 524 zooplankton) spanning 13 phyla, 71 orders and 324 genera through an ensemble approach based on SDMs. The considered species cover a wide range of traits and functions, representing 10 major plankton functional groups (PFGs; three phytoplankton and seven zooplankton groups). We compiled the species occurrence records from various data sources (available here: https://zenodo.org/record/5101349#.YO7Dqm469lM) and aggregated them onto a monthly-resolved 1°x1° grid, excluding observations from regions where the seafloor is shallower than 200 m. We matched these binned open ocean records with observation-based climatologies of environmental predictors (temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, solar irradiance, macronutrients concentration, chlorophyll a concentration) that reflect the climatic and biogeochemical conditions of the surface open ocean. Four types of SDMs (generalized linear models, generalized additive models, artificial neural networks, and random forests) were fitted to model the species’ current environmental habitat suitability patterns. For each SDMs, we used four alternative pools of predictors. Assuming niche conservatism, we projected each of the 16 resulting species-level habitat suitability models into the future using outputs from five ESMs belonging to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) that were forced by the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) scenario of high greenhouse gas concentrations. To this end, we first computed the modelled monthly climatologies of the selected predictors for the 2012-2031 and 2081-2100 periods, and derive the future monthly anomalies from the differences between these two time periods. These anomalies were added to the observation-based monthly climatologies (i.e., those used to train the SDMs) to estimate the future environmental conditions of the ocean, and projected the SDMs in these future conditions. Finally, we estimated the mean annual present and future alpha diversity (species richness; SR) and beta diversity (species turnover through time) patterns for both trophic levels, for each cell, from the ensemble of SDMs. SR ensembles are estimated as the sum of all species’ habitat suitability patterns averaged across all 80 possible combinations (i.e., "ensemble members") of SDMs (n = 4), ESMs (n = 5) and predictor pools (n = 4). To assess the uncertainties of our diversity projections based on the ensemble members, we compute the interquartile range of the 80 ensemble members SR projections. We calculate species turnover as the change in mean annual species composition between present and future time based on Jaccard’s dissimilarity index and by decomposing this total turnover into the true species turnover (ST, also known as species replacement) and the nestedness (SR change) components. Numerous tests are conducted to ensure the robustness of the results with regard to the spatially and temporally highly uneven sampling effort as well as with regard to the relative role of different predictors.</p> <p><strong>This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 862923. This output reflects only the author’s view, and the European Union cannot be held responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.</strong></p>
Data for "Diversity of Non-Equilibrium Patterns and Emergence of Activity in Confined Electrohydrodynamically Driven Liquids"
<p>Raw data (microscopy videos and image sequences) and scripts used for the analysis for the publication "Diversity of Non-Equilibrium Patterns and Emergence of Activity in Confined Electrohydrodynamically Driven Liquids", Science Advances 7 (38), eabh1642</p>
Molecular characterization and genetic diversity of four undescribed novel oleaginous Mortierella alpina strains from Libya
<p>A large number of undiscovered fungal species still exist on earth, which can be useful for bioprospecting, particularly for single cell oil (SCO) production. <em>Mortierella</em> is one of the significant genera in this field and contains about hundred species. Moreover, <em>M. alpina </em>is the main single cell oil producer / arachidonic acid producer at commercial scale under this genus.</p>
A unified genealogy of modern and ancient genomes: Unified, inferred tree sequences of 1000 Genomes, Human Genome Diversity, and Simons Genome Diversity Projects
<p>Unified, inferred tree sequences built from the 1000 Genomes phase 3, Human Genome Diversity, and Simons Genome Diversity Projects. Each tree sequence is the arm of an autosome (the short arm of acrocentric chromosomes are not included). Tree sequences were inferred using <a href="https://tsinfer.readthedocs.io/">tsinfer</a> version 0.2.1, dated using <a href="https://tsdate.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">tsdate</a> version 0.1.4 and compressed using <a href="https://tszip.readthedocs.io/en/stable/">tszip</a>. All data is in GRCh38.</p> <p>The full data pipeline used to generate these tree sequences and associated metadata is available on <a href="https://github.com/awohns/unified_genealogy_paper">GitHub</a>. A description can be found in the Supplementary Material of <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.16.431497v2">Wohns et al. (2021)</a>.</p> <p>Tree sequences can be decompressed as follows:</p> <pre><code>$ tsunzip hgdp_tgp_sgdp_chr1_p.dated.trees.tsz</code></pre> <p>Once decompressed, trees files can be loaded and processed in Python using <a href="https://tskit.readthedocs.io/">tskit</a>. </p> <pre><code>import tskit ts = tskit.load("hgdp_tgp_sgdp_chr1_p.dated.trees") # ts is an instance of tskit.TreeSequence print("The short arm of chromosome 1 contains {} trees".format(ts.num_trees))</code></pre> <p>Metadata associated with nodes contain the mean and variance of tsdate's posterior distribution on node time. To access these values, we can use:</p> <pre><code>import json node = ts.node(10000) metadata_dict = json.loads(node.metadata) print("The mean of the posterior distribution on the age of node 10000 is {} generations".format(metadata_dict["mn"])) print("The variance of the posterior distribution on the age of node 10000 is {} generations".format(metadata_dict["vr"]))</code></pre> <p>Age estimates for each variant site can be derived from the mean of the age estimates of the upper and lower bounding nodes of the oldest mutation associated with a site. tsdate includes <a href="https://tsdate.readthedocs.io/en/latest/python-api.html?highlight=sites_time_from_ts#tsdate.sites_time_from_ts">a function to find the age estimates of all sites in the tree sequence</a>:</p> <pre><code>import tsdate site_times = tsdate.sites_time_from_ts(ts, node_selection='arithmetic')</code></pre> <p>This returns a numpy array which has a length equal to the number of sites.</p> <p>Accessing variant sites in the tree sequence provides the position and id of variants:</p> <pre><code>site = ts.site(1000) site_metadata = json.loads(site.metadata) print("The position of site 1000 is {} and its ID is {}.".format(site.position, site_metadata["ID"]))</code></pre> <p>Metadata associated with individuals and populations was derived from the original sources (<a href="http://ftp.1000genomes.ebi.ac.uk/vol1/ftp/technical/working/20130606_sample_info/20130606_g1k.ped">TGP</a>, <a>HGDP</a>, and <a href="https://sharehost.hms.harvard.edu/genetics/reich_lab/sgdp/SGDP_metadata.279public.21signedLetter.samples.txt">SGDP</a>) and converted to JSON form. For example, to access individual metadata we can use:</p> <pre><code>ind = ts.individual(0) metadata_dict = json.loads(ind.metadata)</code></pre> <p>The metadata_dict variable will now contain all the metadata for the individual with ID 0 as a dictionary. Metadata associated with populations can be found in a similar way. Population IDs are associated with individuals via their constituent nodes. For example,</p> <pre><code>pop_metadata = [json.loads(pop.metadata) for pop in ts.populations()] ind_node = ts.node(ind.nodes[0]) ind_pop_metadata = pop_metadata[ind_node.population]</code></pre> <p>After this, the ind_pop_metadata variable will contain the population level metadata for individual ID 0.</p>
Data from: Flattening the curve: approaching complete sampling for diverse beetle communities
<p><strong>DATA FROM:</strong></p> <p>Burner, R., J. Åstrom, T. Birkemoe, A. Sverdrup-Thygeson. 2021. Flattening the curve: approaching complete sampling for diverse beetle communities. <em>Insect Conservation and Diversity</em> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/icad.12540">https://doi.org/10.1111/icad.12540</a> </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS</strong></p> <p>This research was funded by the Norwegian Environment Directorate as part of an ‘Agreement on monitoring hollow oaks and insects in hollow oaks’. The Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) workshop designed and produced the cross-pane flight intercept traps. Thanks to Sindre Ligaard for identifying the beetle species, and to Lindsay Burner, Ruben Roos, and Ross Wetherbee for assistance in the field. High-performance computing resources were provided by Frederick H. Sheldon and Louisiana State University (LSU HPC).</p> <p><strong>INFORMATION</strong></p> <p>This dataset contains all data necessary to reproduce the analysis in the resulting manuscript. Briefly, 110 insect traps were set for 3 months in a single forest stand in Ås, Norway in 2020. This dataset includes trap locations, number of individuals of each species captured in each trap, trap type, and forest covariates collected around the traps.</p> <p>For more detailed information see manuscript and README file.</p> <p>From abstract of manuscript:</p> <ol> <li>Insects are a hyper diverse and ecologically important group. Their high diversity, however, presents challenges in sampling methodology, because rare species are unreliably detected with low sampling effort. However, the relationship between effort and species detections, critical for effective monitoring and evaluation of population trends, is too seldom quantified.</li> <li>We sampled forest beetles for three months in a 4-ha stand of mixed deciduous forest in southeastern Norway using 110 flight intercept (four types) and Malaise traps, the highest trap density (29 traps/ha) that we have seen reported. We examined species accumulation curves to quantify the benefits of each additional trap, compared capture rates among several trap designs and trap emptying frequencies, and tested for spatial autocorrelation.</li> <li>In total we captured 566 beetle taxa (19,854 individuals) from 52 families, yet our species accumulation curve was only beginning to flatten. Trap types differed considerably in their effectiveness. Nevertheless, twenty of our most effective window traps detected 75% of all taxa in our dataset. We found no evidence of spatial correlation within the scale of the study (100 m radius), nor did trap-level forest covariates (5 m radius) explain much variation.</li> <li>This implies that low to moderate sampling effort dramatically underestimates species richness, but that a limited number of effective traps can nonetheless achieve relatively thorough sampling for some applications. Immediate trap surroundings and spacing appeared unimportant. But, insect ecologists should take particular care in selecting trap types and be cautious comparing studies that employed different trap types.</li> </ol> <p> </p>
Data from: Moth species richness and diversity decline in a 30-year time series in Norway, irrespective of species' latitudinal range extent and habitat
<p>Data from:</p> <p>Burner, R., V. Selås, S. Kobro, R. Jacobsen, A. Sverdrup-Thygeson. 2021. Moth species richness and abundance decline in a 30-year time series, irrespective of species’ latitudinal range extent and habitat. <em>Journal of Insect Conservation</em><br> </p> <p>Current contact info for corresponding author: Ryan C. Burner, rburner[at]usgs.gov</p> <p> </p> <p>These data consist of a 30-year time series (1984 to 2013) of moth captures from a single site in southeast Norway, along with trait data for many of the species and climate data for the site. The moths were collected and identified by Sverre Kobro for the entire 30-year period and we are grateful for his efforts. </p> <p> </p> <p>Abstract from manuscript:</p> <p><strong>Introduction</strong></p> <p>Insects are reported to be in decline around the globe, but long-term datasets are rare. The causes of these trends are elusive, with land use change and climate change among the top candidates. Yet if species traits can predict rates of population change, this can help identify underlying mechanisms. If climate change is important, for example, northern species may decline as southern species expand. Land use changes, however, may impact species that rely on certain habitats.</p> <p><strong>Aims and Methods</strong></p> <p>We present 30 years of moth captures (comprising 85,149 individuals of 885 species) from a site in southeastern Norway to test for population trends that are correlated with species traits. We use time series analyses and joint species distribution models combined with local climate and habitat data.</p> <p><strong>Results and Discussion</strong></p> <p>Species richness and abundance declined by 10.1% and 13.8% per decade, respectively. Capture rates declined for 19% of species during this time as well, though 6% have increased. Annual summer weather is correlated with annual rates of abundance change for many species. But, opposite to a general expectation, many species in our study responded negatively to increasing summer temperatures. Surprisingly, neither species’ northern range limits nor the habitat in which their primary food plants grow are strong predictors of their rates of change, or their responses to climatic factors. However, species with more southerly distributions are less likely to be declining. Complex and indirect effects of both land use and climate change may play a role in these declines.</p> <p><strong>Implications for insect conservation</strong></p> <p>Our results provide additional evidence for long-term declines in insect abundance. The multifaceted causes of population changes may limit the ability of species traits to reveal which species are most at risk. </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS</strong></p> <p>Thanks to J. Fjelddalen, who helped with geometrid moth identifications. This project was supported by internal funding from the Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences.</p> <p> </p>
Supplementary data files for exploring a diverse world of effector domains and amyloid signaling motifs in fungal NLR proteins
<p>This dataset includes 20 supplementary data files for manuscript <em>Exploring a diverse world of effector domains and amyloid signaling motifs in fungal NLR proteins </em>by Jakub W. Wojciechowski, Emirhan Tekoglu, Marlena Gąsior-Głogowska, Virginie Coustou, Natalia Szulc, Monika Szefczyk, Marta Kopaczyńska, Sven J. Saupe, and Witold Dyrka (under revision). </p> <ul> <li>SF2. Profile HMMs of NLR effector domains. The file includes previously unpublished models.</li> <li>SF3. Multiple sequence alignments of N-termini clusters. </li> <li>SF4. Tabularized results of N-termini annotation.</li> <li>SF5. Structure prediction of HeLo-/Goodbye-/MLKL-like domains. Full AlphaFold2/ColabFold outputs.</li> <li>SF6. Structure prediction of previously unannotated domains. Full AlphaFold2/ColabFold outputs.</li> <li>SF7. PCFGs for BASS. The file includes previously unpublished grammars and a sample scanning configuration.</li> <li>SF8. Candidate short NLR N-termini with ASMs. The FASTA file includes sequences from clusters with high content of ASM-like sequences, according to the BASS PCFGs (SF7).</li> <li>SF9. Profile HMMs of ASMs found in short NLR N-termini.</li> <li>SF10. Profile HMM of HeLo-related HRAMs.</li> <li>SF11. Genomic neighbors of candidate short N-termini NLRs with ASMs The list includes accessions of proteins encoded by genes within the neighborhood of 20kbp of genes encoding the query proteins (SF8).</li> <li>SF12. Short C-termini of 200–400 aa long proteins genomically neighboring candidate short NLR N-termini with ASMs. The FASTA file concerns target proteins listed in SF11.</li> <li>SF13. Pairwise hits of the same ASMs in N-termini of NLRs and C-termini of genomically neighboring proteins. The table is based on SF8–9 and SF11–12. </li> <li>SF14. Lists of HMMER domain hits of effector domain profiles. The lists were obtained through iterative searches in NCBI “nr” starting from Pfam profiles of known NLR effector domains.</li> <li>SF15. Short C-termini of effector proteins. The FASTA file concerns target proteins listed in SF14.</li> <li>SF16. Short N-termini of Pfam NACHT and NB-ARC proteins. The FASTA file concerns proteins from NCBI “nr” associated with the two families in the Pfam database.</li> <li>SF17. Profile HMMs of ASMs found both in effector C-termini and NLR N-termini of genomically neighboring proteins.</li> <li>SF18. Genomic neighbors of candidate short N-termini Pfam NACHT and NB-ARC proteins. The list includes accessions of proteins encoded by genes within the neighborhood of 20kbp of genes encoding the query proteins (SF16).</li> <li>SF19. Pairwise hits of the same ASMs in N-termini of NACHT/NB-ARC NLRs and C-termini of genomically neighboring effector proteins. The table is based on SF15–18. </li> <li>SF20. Pairwise hits of the same ASMs in N-termini of NLRs and C-termini of genomically co-occurring effector proteins. The table is based on SF8–9 and SF15. </li> <li>SF21. BaMLKL homologs identified with hmmsearch in Basidiomycota. A FASTA file.</li> </ul>
Receptor exocytosis imaged with high temporal resolution for diverse receptor cargos
<p>Cells perceive and interact with their environment in part through the expression, activation, and regulation of receptors on their plasma membrane. These receptors are dynamically trafficked from the plasma membrane in a process called endocytosis and delivered to the plasma membrane via exocytosis. Different receptors take diverse routes through the cell before being delivered via exocytosis. The data in this project focuses on 3 prototypical plasma membrane receptors - the B2 adrenergic receptor, the µ opioid receptor, and the transferrin receptor. Using a pH-sensitive green fluorescent protein variant, we visualized these receptors in cells as they recycled to the plasma membrane. We subsequently hand-labeled a subset of the data in order to build an automated image analysis method that could be used to detect receptor exocytosis across diverse imaging conditions. This repository contains our primary microscopy data from these studies as well as the labeling for use in supervised machine learning.</p> <p>These data support <a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/2106.07623">Evans et al 2021</a> and subsequent publications.</p> <p><strong>Data Collection</strong><br> TIFF image stacks were collected using a Nikon Eclipse TiE Inverted Microscope using TIRF illumination with a solid state 488nm laser through a Nikon 60x/1.49NA TIRF objective and captured using an Andor iXon 897+ EMCCD camera. The camera was windowed to a 300x300 pixel view and images were collected with a 18.5ms exposures (~54Hz). Images were collected across two days, with two coverslips of each condition collected on day 1, and one coverslip collected on day 2.</p> <p><strong>DNA Constructs</strong><br> The 3 cargos imaged in these data are the transferrin receptor (TfR), the B2-adrenergic receptor (B2AR, B2), and the µ opioid receptor (MOR). Constructs encoding these receptors, tagged extracellularly with the ph-sensitive GFP variant Superecliptic pHluorin (SpH, <a href="https://www.cell.com/biophysj/fulltext/S0006-3495(00)76468-X">Sankaranarayanan et al. 2000</a>, have been previously described in <a href="http://www.nature.com/articles/nn1679">Yudowski et al. 2006</a> for B2AR, <a href="https://www.jneurosci.org/content/30/35/11703">Yu et al. 2010</a> for MOR, and <a href="https://www.molbiolcell.org/doi/10.1091/mbc.e08-08-0892">Yudowski et al. 2009</a> for TfR.</p> <p><strong>Cell Culture</strong><br> HEK293 cells were cultured in DMEM High Glucose (Hyclone) supplemented with 10% Heat Inactivated FBS (Gibco). Cells expressing B2 and MOR were stably selected from transient transfection using G418. Cells expressing TfR were transfected 3 days before the experiments presented here using Effectene following manufacturers' instructions. Before imaging, cells were transferred to 25mm diameter #1.5 glass coverslips (Electron Microscopy Sciences). Two days after plating, experiments began.</p> <p><strong>Imaging conditions</strong><br> Cells were imaged in L-15 minimal media supplemented with 1% FBS. For MOR and B2, cells were imaged for 1 minute at ~0.16Hz without perturbation. Then agonist was added (10µM DAMGO for MOR, 10µM isoproterenol for B2) to the media and cells were imaged for 5 minutes to ensure that receptors clustered and internalized. After internalization, cells were bleached with 100% laser power for 1 minute and then imaged at 54Hz to visualize exocytic events. exocytosis was captured for up to 20 minutes after initial treatment, one cell at a time. For TfR, a single frame was taken before bleaching to show receptor expression levels and then cells were bleached and imaged as described above.</p> <p><strong>Data blinding</strong><br> After collection, files were renamed as described in <em>map.md</em>. All metadata files and internalization imaging were separated into the 2 "extras" folders. The exocytosis movies were 'scrambled' to hide cargo identity using the included <em>scrambler.py</em> file. <em>OPP_scramble.log</em> described the mapping of scrambled filenames to the original imaging.</p> <p><strong>Human labeling</strong><br> A subset of the images (22, with roughly equal representation across cargos) were hand labeled for exocytic events. Images were viewed in FIJI <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/nmeth.2019">Schindelin et al. 2012</a> nad played back at 0.5x. When exocytic events were identified by eye, the playback was paused and the appearance of an event was found through manual advancing of the frames of the movie. The event was labeled using the Cell Counter plugin. Each movie was watched twice to identify as many events as possible. Labeled events are saved a <em><movie-name>-ZYW-1.xml</em> in this dataset.</p> <p><strong>Data organization</strong><br> All exocytic event movies and any matching human labeling are included in this base directory. All internalization movies and all metadata for all movies are included in the Extras folder for the day that movie was recorded. Coverslip and cargo identity are listed in <em>map.md</em> and the ground truth for cargo identity is in <em>OPP_scramble.log</em></p>
Diversity-Driven Unit Test Generation (Data Set)
<p>The goal of automated unit test generation tools is to create a set of test cases for the software under test that achieve the highest possible coverage for the selected test quality criteria. The most effective approaches for achieving this goal at the present time use meta-heuristic optimization algorithms to search for new test cases using fitness functions defined on existing sets of test<br> cases and the system under test. Regardless of how their search algorithms are controlled, however, all existing approaches focus on the analysis of exactly one implementation, the software under test, to drive their search processes, which is a limitation on the information they have available. In this paper we investigate whether the practical effectiveness of white box unit test generation tools can be increased by giving them access to multiple, diverse implementations of the functionality under test harvested from widely available Open Source software repositories. After presenting a basic implementation of such an approach, DivGen (Diversity-driven Generation), on top of the leading test generation tool for Java (EvoSuite), we assess the performance of DivGen compared to EvoSuite when applied in its traditional, mono-implementation oriented mode (MonoGen). The results show that while DivGen outperforms MonoGen in 33% of the sampled classes for mutation coverage (+16% higher on average), MonoGen outperforms<br> DivGen in 12.4% of the classes for branch coverage (+10% higher average).</p>
Experimental erosion of microbial diversity decreases soil CH4 consumption rates
<p>Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) experiments have predominantly focused on communities of higher organisms, in particular plants, with comparably little known to date about the relevance of biodiversity for microbially-driven biogeochemical processes. Methanotrophic bacteria play a key role in Earth’s methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) cycle by removing atmospheric CH<sub>4</sub> and reducing emissions from methanogenesis in wetlands and landfills. Here, we used a dilution-to-extinction approach to simulate diversity loss in a methanotrophic landfill cover soil community. Replicate samples were diluted 10<sup>1</sup> to 10<sup>7</sup>-fold, and pre-incubated under a high CH<sub>4</sub> atmosphere for the microbial communities to recover to approximately equal size. Then, the samples were incubated for 86 days at constant or diurnally-cycling temperature. Our hypotheses were that (1) CH<sub>4</sub> consumption would decrease as methanotrophic diversity was lost, and that (2) this effect would be more pronounced under variable environmental conditions (here: variable temperature). We followed net CH<sub>4</sub> consumption by gas chromatography. Microbial community composition was determined four times by DNA extraction and sequencing of amplicons specific to methanotrophs and bacteria (pmoA and 16S gene fragments). We found that the richness of operational taxonomic units (OTU) of methanotrophic and non-methanotrophic bacteria decreased approximately linearly with <em>log</em>-dilution. CH<sub>4</sub> consumption decreased with the number of taxonomic units lost. This effect was independent of community size, which we determined by quantitative PCR, and consistent over the study period. The temperature treatment (constant vs. cycling temperature) did not affect any of these results. The diversity effects we found occurred in relatively diverse communities, challenging the notion of high functional redundancy mediating high resistance to diversity erosion in natural microbial systems. The effects we report resemble the ones for higher organisms, suggesting that BEF-relationships are universal across taxa and spatial scales.</p>
Phenotypic diversity of root architecture and genotypic variation in durum wheat under salt stress
<p>Supplementary data consists of Principal Components values for traits detected under salt and control conditions (S1); Markers' locations onto the durum wheat reference genome associated with QTL (S2); Markers associated with genes from NCBI database (S4); PCR results and alleles distribrution</p>
ePol: Impacts of Diversity on Software Teams Dataset
<p>Data set that has all the records of the activities carried out in the ePol Project, with their respective attributes. Additionally, it also includes code that does a cleanup according to some criteria. After the cleaning performed by the aforementioned code, the results are also available in the "dataset_epol_result.csv" file.</p> <p>For more information read: SOUZA, NATAN. MASSONI, TIAGO. SARMENTO, CAMILLA. <strong>Impactos da Diversidade em Equipes de Software</strong>, 2023.</p>
Diversity Awareness in Software Engineering Participant Research
<p>This dataset contains the result of a classification of three ICSE venues namely, ICSE 2019, 2020, and 2021 technical tracks, as stated in the methodology of the paper “Diversity awareness in software engineering participant studies” by Dutta et al. (2023).</p>
Intermediate data for: Environment and shipping drive eDNA beta-diversity among commercial ports
<p>Intermediate data generated by Paul Czechowski as part of MEC-22-0945.R1 using code stored at <a href="https://github.com/macrobiotus/ships_and_bugs">GitHub</a>, most recently release with <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7600608">DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7600608 </a> . Pre-print with linked final manuscript version available at BioRxiv via <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.10.07.463538">DOI: 10.1101/2021.10.07.463538</a>. Please refer to the published manuscript for a full list of available digital resources associated with this work.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.