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193 results for “ectomycorrhizal”
Figure 6 from: Meidl P, Furneaux B, Tchan KI, Kluting K, Ryberg M, Guissou M-L, Soro B, Traoré A, Konomou G, Yorou NS, Rosling A (2021) Soil fungal communities of ectomycorrhizal dominated woodlands across West Africa. MycoKeys 81: 45-68. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.66249
Figure 6 Taxonomic composition to family level of ECM fungi in gallery forest and woodlands. Abundance measured as fraction of reads (A) and richness measured as fraction of species hypotheses (SH) (B).
Figure 3 from: Meidl P, Furneaux B, Tchan KI, Kluting K, Ryberg M, Guissou M-L, Soro B, Traoré A, Konomou G, Yorou NS, Rosling A (2021) Soil fungal communities of ectomycorrhizal dominated woodlands across West Africa. MycoKeys 81: 45-68. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.66249
Figure 3 Species accumulation curves for each plot. Curves are based on SHs, by sequencing depth (A) and number of trees sampled (B), presented separately for three gallery forest sites (left panels) and six woodland sites (right panels). Points represent the observed species richness at the actual sequencing depth and trees sampled in A, B respectively. Thin lines represent the accumulation curve calculated by rarefaction (darker) and extrapolation (lighter); shaded regions represent the associated 95% confidence intervals. Dotted lines represent the asymptotic estimate for each site.
Figure 4 from: Meidl P, Furneaux B, Tchan KI, Kluting K, Ryberg M, Guissou M-L, Soro B, Traoré A, Konomou G, Yorou NS, Rosling A (2021) Soil fungal communities of ectomycorrhizal dominated woodlands across West Africa. MycoKeys 81: 45-68. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.66249
Figure 4 NMDS ordination of fungal communities based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity of species hypothesis-based community composition, grouped into woodland (W) and gallery forests (GF) samples, for All fungi, axis 1–2 (A) and axis 2–3 (B), and for ECM fungi, axis 1–2 (C) and axis 3–4 (D). Stress value = 0.1902 for all fungi and 0.1723 for ECM fungi. Ellipses represent 95% confidence intervals around the mean of each vegetation type.
Figure 5 from: Meidl P, Furneaux B, Tchan KI, Kluting K, Ryberg M, Guissou M-L, Soro B, Traoré A, Konomou G, Yorou NS, Rosling A (2021) Soil fungal communities of ectomycorrhizal dominated woodlands across West Africa. MycoKeys 81: 45-68. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.66249
Figure 5 Fungal guild assignment of the soil fungal community in gallery forest and woodlands. Abundance measured as fraction of reads (A) and richness measured as fraction of species hypotheses (SH) (B) Guilds representing less than 2% of both abundance and richness are grouped together in "other".
Figure 2 from: Meidl P, Furneaux B, Tchan KI, Kluting K, Ryberg M, Guissou M-L, Soro B, Traoré A, Konomou G, Yorou NS, Rosling A (2021) Soil fungal communities of ectomycorrhizal dominated woodlands across West Africa. MycoKeys 81: 45-68. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.66249
Figure 2 NMDS ordination of tree communities based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarities between sites, based on total basal areas of each ECM trees species separately and all non-ECM trees combined. The nine sites were classified into two distinct woodland types, woodlands in red and gallery forests in blue. Site abbreviations: Bissandougou Forest Reserve (BISS-W), Moussaya Forest Reserve (MOUS-W), Kota Waterfall (KOTA-G and KOTA-W), Kouadianikro Forest Reserve (KDNK-W), Kou Forest Reserve (KOUF-G), Niangoloko Forest Reserve (NIAN-W) and Farako Forest Reserve (FA01-W and FA15-W). ECM tree species abbreviations: Afzelia africana (Aa), Ac: Anthonotha crassifolia (Ac), Bg: Berlinia grandiflora (Bg), Id: Isoberlinia doka (Id), I. tomentosa (It), Monotes kerstingii (Mk), Uapacaguineensis (Ug) and Uapaca togoensis (Ut).
Figure 1 from: Meidl P, Furneaux B, Tchan KI, Kluting K, Ryberg M, Guissou M-L, Soro B, Traoré A, Konomou G, Yorou NS, Rosling A (2021) Soil fungal communities of ectomycorrhizal dominated woodlands across West Africa. MycoKeys 81: 45-68. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.66249
Figure 1 Sampling sites of the West African Centre for Tropical Mycology's 2018 National Geographic Explorer Grant expedition. Shapes and colors separate the different woodland types with blue circles for gallery forests and red triangles for woodlands. With site names (abbreviations): Bissandougou (BISS-W), Moussaya (MOUS-W), Kota (KOTA-G and KOTA-W), Kouadianikro (KDNK-W), Kou (KOUF-G), Niangoloko (NIAN-W) and Farako (FA01-W and FA15-W). The dotted line represents the route taken on the sampling trip, beginning on the coast of Benin and concluding in Ivory Coast. Ecoregions are from White (1983), digitized in Olson et al. (2001).
Data from: Janzen-Connell patterns can be induced by fungal-driven decomposition and offset by ectomycorrhizal fungi accumulated under a closely related canopy
1. Seedlings near a conspecific adult might suffer increased mortality due to pressure from enemies such as belowground pathogenic fungi (Janzen-Connell Hypothesis), however variation exists among taxa such that some experience low levels of mortality. We hypothesized that seedlings close to adults might profit, rather than suffer, from belowground fungi, notably from mycorrhiza or decomposers, in particular near large adult trees and under a closely related canopy. 2. We planted oak seedlings in a temperate forest at different distances from adults and followed seedling mortality, budburst (early budburst permitting photosynthesis during the best light conditions) and leaf herbivory. We applied fungicide on half of the seedlings for 2 years to identify the net effect of belowground fungi on seedlings. We quantified seedling mycorrhization and fungal-driven decomposition of a neighbourhood-specific and an unspecific substrate, local oak leaves and cellulose, respectively. Finally, we related mycorrhization and decomposition to seedling performance. 3. We found that, in seedlings planted close to conspecific adults, belowground fungi had a negative net effect on seedlings: elimination of fungi, surprisingly, decreased herbivory. This effect could be due to oak leaf decomposition, which related to increased seedling herbivory and was higher near a conspecific adult. Under a closely related canopy, however, the net effect of belowground fungi on nearby seedlings became positive: elimination of fungi delayed budburst. This effect could be due to colonization by the ectomycorrhizal fungus Cortinarius sp., which related to accelerated budburst and was higher near a conspecific under a closely related canopy. Effects of belowground fungi on nearby seedlings were not dependent on the size of the conspecific and were species- but not lineage-specific. 4. Overall, our results suggest that a Janzen-Connell-like pattern, i.e. increased mortality of seedlings near conspecific adult, can be (i) induced by specialist decomposers increasing the nutritional quality of conspecific seedlings to herbivores, and (ii) offset by ectomycorrhizal fungal mutualists under a closely related canopy. Coexistence among closely related adult trees appears to change interactions between adults and nearby conspecific seedlings from conspecific inhibition to conspecific facilitation.
Data from: Into and out of the tropics: global diversification patterns in a hyper-diverse clade of ectomycorrhizal fungi
Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, symbiotic mutualists of many dominant tree and shrub species, exhibit a biogeographic pattern counter to the established latitudinal diversity gradient of most macroflora and fauna. However, an evolutionary basis for this pattern has not been explicitly tested in a diverse lineage. In this study, we reconstructed a mega-phylogeny of a cosmopolitan and hyper-diverse genus of ECM fungi, Russula, sampling from annotated collections and utilizing publically available sequences deposited in GenBank. Metadata from molecular operational taxonomic unit cluster sets were examined to infer the distribution and plant association of the genus. This allowed us to test for differences in patterns of diversification between tropical and extratropical taxa, as well as how their associations with different plant lineages may be a driver of diversification. Results show that Russula is most species-rich at temperate latitudes and ancestral state reconstruction shows that the genus initially diversified in temperate areas. Migration into and out of the tropics characterizes the early evolution of the genus, and these transitions have been frequent since this time. We propose the 'generalized diversification rate' hypothesis to explain the reversed latitudinal diversity gradient pattern in Russula as we detect a higher net diversification rate in extratropical lineages. Patterns of diversification with plant associates support host switching and host expansion as driving diversification, with a higher diversification rate in lineages associated with Pinaceae and frequent transitions to association with angiosperms.
Supplementary material 1 from: Moyano J, Chiuffo MC, Policelli N, Nuñez MA, Rodriguez-Cabal MA (2019) The interplay between propagule pressure, seed predation and ectomycorrhizal fungi in plant invasion. NeoBiota 42: 45-58. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.42.30978
: Data type: multimedia
Data from: Changes in ectomycorrhizal fungal community composition and declining diversity along a 2-million-year soil chronosequence
Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal communities covary with host plant communities along soil fertility gradients, yet it is unclear whether this reflects changes in host composition, fungal edaphic specialization or priority effects during fungal community establishment. We grew two co-occurring ECM plant species (to control for host identity) in soils collected along a 2-million-year chronosequence representing a strong soil fertility gradient and used soil manipulations to disentangle the effects of edaphic properties from those due to fungal inoculum. Ectomycorrhizal fungal community composition changed and richness declined with increasing soil age; these changes were linked to pedogenesis-driven shifts in edaphic properties, particularly pH and resin-exchangeable and organic phosphorus. However, when differences in inoculum potential or soil abiotic properties among soil ages were removed while host identity was held constant, differences in ECM fungal communities and richness among chronosequence stages disappeared. Our results show that ECM fungal communities strongly vary during long-term ecosystem development, even within the same hosts. However, these changes could not be attributed to short-term fungal edaphic specialization or differences in fungal inoculum (i.e. density and composition) alone. Rather, they must reflect longer-term ecosystem-level feedback between soil, vegetation and ECM fungi during pedogenesis.
Figure 1 from: Rosenblad MA, Martín MP, Tedersoo L, Ryberg M, Larsson E, Wurzbacher C, Abarenkov K, Nilsson RH (2016) Detection of signal recognition particle (SRP) RNAs in the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) of three lineages of ectomycorrhizal fungi (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota). MycoKeys 13: 21-33. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.13.8579
Figure 1 - Schematic illustration of the fungal ITS region and neighboring rDNA genes. The subregions ITS1, 5.8S, and ITS2 of the ITS region are indicated along with the SRP RNA in the first part of the ITS1. The absolute positions of the subregions and the SRP RNA are provided in Suppl. material 2.
Fine-resolution global maps of root biomass carbon colonized by arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal fungi
<p><span>Despite the recognized importance of mycorrhizal associations in ecosystem functioning, the actual abundance patterns of mycorrhizal fungi belowground are still unknown. This information is key for better quantification of mycorrhizal impacts on ecosystem processes and for incorporating mycorrhizal pathways into global biogeochemical models. Here we present the first high-resolution maps of fine root stocks colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi (MgC ha−1). The maps were assembled by combining multiple open-source databases holding information on root biomass carbon, the proportion of AM and EcM tree biomass, plot-level relative abundance of plant species and intensity of AM and EcM root colonization. We calculated root-associated AM and EcM abundance in 881 spatial units, defined as the combination of ecoregions and land cover types across six continents. These maps serve as a basis for future research where continuous spatial estimates of root mycorrhizal stocks are needed.</span></p>
Data from: The effect of drought and season on root life span in temperate arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal tree species
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Data from: Contrasting effects of ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal tropical tree species on soil nitrogen cycling: the potential mechanisms and corresponding adaptive strategies
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Isotopic data from: Coupled shifts in ectomycorrhizal communities and plant uptake of organic nitrogen along a soil gradient: an isotopic perspective
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Data from: Decay rates of leaf litters from arbuscular mycorrhizal trees are more sensitive to soil effects than litters from ectomycorrhizal trees
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Data from: Beech roots are simultaneously colonized by multiple genets of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria amethystina clustered in two genetic groups
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Fine-resolution global maps of root biomass carbon colonized by arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal fungi
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Data from: Measuring ectomycorrhizal fungal dispersal: macroecological patterns driven by microscopic propagules
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Data from: Woodland ectomycorrhizal fungi benefit from large-scale reduction of nitrogen deposition in the Netherlands
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