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213 results for “electric field”
MMS 4 Electron Drift Instrument (EDI) Electric Field, Level 2 (L2), Survey Mode, 5 s Data
Electron Drift Instrument (EDI) Electric Field Survey, Level 2, 5 s Data. EDI has two scientific data acquisition modes, called electric field mode and ambient mode. In electric field mode, two coded electron beams are emitted such that they return to the detectors after one or more gyrations in the ambient magnetic and electric field. The firing directions and times-of-flight allow the derivation of the drift velocity and electric field. In ambient mode, the electron beams are not used. The detectors with their large geometric factors and their ability to adjust the field of view quickly allow continuous sampling of ambient electrons at a selected pitch angle and fixed but selectable energy. To find the beam directions that will hit the detector, EDI sweeps each beam in the plane perpendicular to B at a fixed angular rate of 0.22 °/ms until a signal has been acquired by the detector. Once signal has been acquired, the beams are swept back and forth to stay on target. Beam detection is not determined from the changes in the count-rates directly, but from the square of the beam counts divided by the background counts from ambient electrons, i.e., from the square of the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This quantity is computed from data provided by the correlator in the Gun-Detector Electronics that also generates the coding pattern imposed on the outgoing beams. If the squared SNR ratio exceeds a threshold, this is taken as evidence that the beam is returning to the detector. The thresholds for SNR are chosen dependent on background fluxes. They represent a compromise between getting false hits (induced by strong variations in background electron fluxes) and missing true beam hits. The basic software loop that controls EDI operations is executed every 2 ms. As the times when the beams hit their detectors are neither synchronized with the telemetry nor equidistant, EDI data have no fixed time-resolution. Data are reported in telemetry slots. In Survey, using the standard packing mode 0, there are eight telemetry slots per second and Gyn Detector Unit (GDU). The last beam detected during the previous slot will be reported in the current slot. If no beam has been detected, the data quality will be set to zero. In Burst telemetry there are 128 slots per second and GDU. The data in each slot consists of information regarding the beam firing directions (stored in the form of analytic gun deflection voltages), times-of-flight (if successfully measured), quality indicators, time stamps of the beam hits, and some auxiliary correlator-related information. Whenever EDI is not in electron drift mode, it uses its ambient electron mode. The mode has the capability to sample at either 90 degrees pitch angle or at 0/180 degrees (field aligned), or to alternate between 90 degrees and field aligned with selectable dwell times. While all options have been demonstrated during the commissioning phase, only the field aligned mode has been used in the routine operations phase. The choices for energy are 250 eV, 500 eV, and 1 keV. The two detectors, which are facing opposite hemispheres, are looking strictly into opposite directions, so while one detector is looking along B the other is looking antiparallel to B (corresponding to pitch angles of 180 and 0 degrees, respectively). The two detectors switch roles every half spin of the spacecraft as the tip of the magnetic field vector spins outside the field of view of one detector and into the field of view of the other detector. This is the primary data product generated from data collected in electric field mode. The science data generated are drift velocity and electric field data in various coordinate systems. They are derived from triangulation and/or time-of-flight analysis. Where both methods are applicable, their results will be combined using a weighting approach based on their relative errors. The EDI instrument paper can be found at: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11214-015-0182-7. The EDI instrument data products guide can be found at https://lasp.colorado.edu/mms/sdc/public/datasets/fields/.
MMS 3 Electron Drift Instrument (EDI) Electric Field, Level 2 (L2), Survey Mode, 5 s Data
Electron Drift Instrument (EDI) Electric Field Survey, Level 2, 5 s Data. EDI has two scientific data acquisition modes, called electric field mode and ambient mode. In electric field mode, two coded electron beams are emitted such that they return to the detectors after one or more gyrations in the ambient magnetic and electric field. The firing directions and times-of-flight allow the derivation of the drift velocity and electric field. In ambient mode, the electron beams are not used. The detectors with their large geometric factors and their ability to adjust the field of view quickly allow continuous sampling of ambient electrons at a selected pitch angle and fixed but selectable energy. To find the beam directions that will hit the detector, EDI sweeps each beam in the plane perpendicular to B at a fixed angular rate of 0.22 °/ms until a signal has been acquired by the detector. Once signal has been acquired, the beams are swept back and forth to stay on target. Beam detection is not determined from the changes in the count-rates directly, but from the square of the beam counts divided by the background counts from ambient electrons, i.e., from the square of the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This quantity is computed from data provided by the correlator in the Gun-Detector Electronics that also generates the coding pattern imposed on the outgoing beams. If the squared SNR ratio exceeds a threshold, this is taken as evidence that the beam is returning to the detector. The thresholds for SNR are chosen dependent on background fluxes. They represent a compromise between getting false hits (induced by strong variations in background electron fluxes) and missing true beam hits. The basic software loop that controls EDI operations is executed every 2 ms. As the times when the beams hit their detectors are neither synchronized with the telemetry nor equidistant, EDI data have no fixed time-resolution. Data are reported in telemetry slots. In Survey, using the standard packing mode 0, there are eight telemetry slots per second and Gyn Detector Unit (GDU). The last beam detected during the previous slot will be reported in the current slot. If no beam has been detected, the data quality will be set to zero. In Burst telemetry there are 128 slots per second and GDU. The data in each slot consists of information regarding the beam firing directions (stored in the form of analytic gun deflection voltages), times-of-flight (if successfully measured), quality indicators, time stamps of the beam hits, and some auxiliary correlator-related information. Whenever EDI is not in electron drift mode, it uses its ambient electron mode. The mode has the capability to sample at either 90 degrees pitch angle or at 0/180 degrees (field aligned), or to alternate between 90 degrees and field aligned with selectable dwell times. While all options have been demonstrated during the commissioning phase, only the field aligned mode has been used in the routine operations phase. The choices for energy are 250 eV, 500 eV, and 1 keV. The two detectors, which are facing opposite hemispheres, are looking strictly into opposite directions, so while one detector is looking along B the other is looking antiparallel to B (corresponding to pitch angles of 180 and 0 degrees, respectively). The two detectors switch roles every half spin of the spacecraft as the tip of the magnetic field vector spins outside the field of view of one detector and into the field of view of the other detector. This is the primary data product generated from data collected in electric field mode. The science data generated are drift velocity and electric field data in various coordinate systems. They are derived from triangulation and/or time-of-flight analysis. Where both methods are applicable, their results will be combined using a weighting approach based on their relative errors. The EDI instrument paper can be found at: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11214-015-0182-7. The EDI instrument data products guide can be found at https://lasp.colorado.edu/mms/sdc/public/datasets/fields/.
Wind Plasma and Radio Waves (WAVES) Electric Field Intensities and Electron Plasma Densities, Key Parameter (K0), 3 min Data
Wind Waves instrument, Plasma and Radio Wave Key Parameter data: electric field average intensity in dB above background at 76 log-spaced frequencies from 250 Hz to 9.4 MHz that is determined from neural network analysis of the in situ electron plasma frequency, Fpe, line.
THEMIS-E (P4), Electric Field Instrument (EFI) Spacecraft measured Electric Field
THEMIS-E: Electric Field Instrument, EFI, Electric Field Measurements. The L2 Product is a 3D Estimate of the perpnedicular Electric Field, Eperp, derived from the Spin Plane E-Field Measurements assuming E ⋅ B = 0, using relevant Flux-Gate Magnetometer, FGM, Data. This Data Product includes Spin-Averaged, and Fast Survey Field Data. The Spin-Averaged Data, EFS_DOT0, has approximately 3 s Time Resolution. Fast Survey, EFF_DOT0, Data has 0.125 s Time Resolution.
MMS 4 Electron Drift Instrument (EDI) Electric Field, Level 2 (L2), Burst Mode, 0.9765625 ms Data
Electron Drift Instrument (EDI) Electric Field Burst Survey, Level 2, 0.0009765625 s Data (1024 samples/s). EDI has two scientific data acquisition modes, called electric field mode and ambient mode. In electric field mode, two coded electron beams are emitted such that they return to the detectors after one or more gyrations in the ambient magnetic and electric field. The firing directions and times-of-flight allow the derivation of the drift velocity and electric field. In ambient mode, the electron beams are not used. The detectors with their large geometric factors and their ability to adjust the field of view quickly allow continuous sampling of ambient electrons at a selected pitch angle and fixed but selectable energy. To find the beam directions that will hit the detector, EDI sweeps each beam in the plane perpendicular to B at a fixed angular rate of 0.22 °/ms until a signal has been acquired by the detector. Once signal has been acquired, the beams are swept back and forth to stay on target. Beam detection is not determined from the changes in the count-rates directly, but from the square of the beam counts divided by the background counts from ambient electrons, i.e., from the square of the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This quantity is computed from data provided by the correlator in the Gun-Detector Electronics that also generates the coding pattern imposed on the outgoing beams. If the squared SNR ratio exceeds a threshold, this is taken as evidence that the beam is returning to the detector. The thresholds for SNR are chosen dependent on background fluxes. They represent a compromise between getting false hits (induced by strong variations in background electron fluxes) and missing true beam hits. The basic software loop that controls EDI operations is executed every 2 ms. As the times when the beams hit their detectors are neither synchronized with the telemetry nor equidistant, EDI data have no fixed time-resolution. Data are reported in telemetry slots. In Survey, using the standard packing mode 0, there are eight telemetry slots per second and Gyn Detector Unit (GDU). The last beam detected during the previous slot will be reported in the current slot. If no beam has been detected, the data quality will be set to zero. In Burst telemetry there are 128 slots per second and GDU. The data in each slot consists of information regarding the beam firing directions (stored in the form of analytic gun deflection voltages), times-of-flight (if successfully measured), quality indicators, time stamps of the beam hits, and some auxiliary correlator-related information. Whenever EDI is not in electron drift mode, it uses its ambient electron mode. The mode has the capability to sample at either 90 degrees pitch angle or at 0/180 degrees (field aligned), or to alternate between 90 degrees and field aligned with selectable dwell times. While all options have been demonstrated during the commissioning phase, only the field aligned mode has been used in the routine operations phase. The choices for energy are 250 eV, 500 eV, and 1 keV. The two detectors, which are facing opposite hemispheres, are looking strictly into opposite directions, so while one detector is looking along B the other is looking antiparallel to B (corresponding to pitch angles of 180 and 0 degrees, respectively). The two detectors switch roles every half spin of the spacecraft as the tip of the magnetic field vector spins outside the field of view of one detector and into the field of view of the other detector. This is the primary data product generated from data collected in electric field mode. The science data generated are drift velocity and electric field data in various coordinate systems. They are derived from triangulation and/or time-of-flight analysis. Where both methods are applicable, their results will be combined using a weighting approach based on their relative errors. The EDI instrument paper can be found at: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11214-015-0182-7. The EDI instrument data products guide can be found at https://lasp.colorado.edu/mms/sdc/public/datasets/fields/.
MMS 1 Electron Drift Instrument (EDI) Electric Field, Level 2 (L2), Burst Mode, 0.9765625 ms Data
Electron Drift Instrument (EDI) Electric Field Burst Survey, Level 2, 0.0009765625 s Data (1024 samples/s). EDI has two scientific data acquisition modes, called electric field mode and ambient mode. In electric field mode, two coded electron beams are emitted such that they return to the detectors after one or more gyrations in the ambient magnetic and electric field. The firing directions and times-of-flight allow the derivation of the drift velocity and electric field. In ambient mode, the electron beams are not used. The detectors with their large geometric factors and their ability to adjust the field of view quickly allow continuous sampling of ambient electrons at a selected pitch angle and fixed but selectable energy. To find the beam directions that will hit the detector, EDI sweeps each beam in the plane perpendicular to B at a fixed angular rate of 0.22 °/ms until a signal has been acquired by the detector. Once signal has been acquired, the beams are swept back and forth to stay on target. Beam detection is not determined from the changes in the count-rates directly, but from the square of the beam counts divided by the background counts from ambient electrons, i.e., from the square of the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This quantity is computed from data provided by the correlator in the Gun-Detector Electronics that also generates the coding pattern imposed on the outgoing beams. If the squared SNR ratio exceeds a threshold, this is taken as evidence that the beam is returning to the detector. The thresholds for SNR are chosen dependent on background fluxes. They represent a compromise between getting false hits (induced by strong variations in background electron fluxes) and missing true beam hits. The basic software loop that controls EDI operations is executed every 2 ms. As the times when the beams hit their detectors are neither synchronized with the telemetry nor equidistant, EDI data have no fixed time-resolution. Data are reported in telemetry slots. In Survey, using the standard packing mode 0, there are eight telemetry slots per second and Gyn Detector Unit (GDU). The last beam detected during the previous slot will be reported in the current slot. If no beam has been detected, the data quality will be set to zero. In Burst telemetry there are 128 slots per second and GDU. The data in each slot consists of information regarding the beam firing directions (stored in the form of analytic gun deflection voltages), times-of-flight (if successfully measured), quality indicators, time stamps of the beam hits, and some auxiliary correlator-related information. Whenever EDI is not in electron drift mode, it uses its ambient electron mode. The mode has the capability to sample at either 90 degrees pitch angle or at 0/180 degrees (field aligned), or to alternate between 90 degrees and field aligned with selectable dwell times. While all options have been demonstrated during the commissioning phase, only the field aligned mode has been used in the routine operations phase. The choices for energy are 250 eV, 500 eV, and 1 keV. The two detectors, which are facing opposite hemispheres, are looking strictly into opposite directions, so while one detector is looking along B the other is looking antiparallel to B (corresponding to pitch angles of 180 and 0 degrees, respectively). The two detectors switch roles every half spin of the spacecraft as the tip of the magnetic field vector spins outside the field of view of one detector and into the field of view of the other detector. This is the primary data product generated from data collected in electric field mode. The science data generated are drift velocity and electric field data in various coordinate systems. They are derived from triangulation and/or time-of-flight analysis. Where both methods are applicable, their results will be combined using a weighting approach based on their relative errors. The EDI instrument paper can be found at: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11214-015-0182-7. The EDI instrument data products guide can be found at https://lasp.colorado.edu/mms/sdc/public/datasets/fields/.
MMS 3 Electron Drift Instrument (EDI) Electric Field, Level 2 (L2), Burst Mode, 0.9765625 ms Data
Electron Drift Instrument (EDI) Electric Field Burst Survey, Level 2, 0.0009765625 s Data (1024 samples/s). EDI has two scientific data acquisition modes, called electric field mode and ambient mode. In electric field mode, two coded electron beams are emitted such that they return to the detectors after one or more gyrations in the ambient magnetic and electric field. The firing directions and times-of-flight allow the derivation of the drift velocity and electric field. In ambient mode, the electron beams are not used. The detectors with their large geometric factors and their ability to adjust the field of view quickly allow continuous sampling of ambient electrons at a selected pitch angle and fixed but selectable energy. To find the beam directions that will hit the detector, EDI sweeps each beam in the plane perpendicular to B at a fixed angular rate of 0.22 °/ms until a signal has been acquired by the detector. Once signal has been acquired, the beams are swept back and forth to stay on target. Beam detection is not determined from the changes in the count-rates directly, but from the square of the beam counts divided by the background counts from ambient electrons, i.e., from the square of the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This quantity is computed from data provided by the correlator in the Gun-Detector Electronics that also generates the coding pattern imposed on the outgoing beams. If the squared SNR ratio exceeds a threshold, this is taken as evidence that the beam is returning to the detector. The thresholds for SNR are chosen dependent on background fluxes. They represent a compromise between getting false hits (induced by strong variations in background electron fluxes) and missing true beam hits. The basic software loop that controls EDI operations is executed every 2 ms. As the times when the beams hit their detectors are neither synchronized with the telemetry nor equidistant, EDI data have no fixed time-resolution. Data are reported in telemetry slots. In Survey, using the standard packing mode 0, there are eight telemetry slots per second and Gyn Detector Unit (GDU). The last beam detected during the previous slot will be reported in the current slot. If no beam has been detected, the data quality will be set to zero. In Burst telemetry there are 128 slots per second and GDU. The data in each slot consists of information regarding the beam firing directions (stored in the form of analytic gun deflection voltages), times-of-flight (if successfully measured), quality indicators, time stamps of the beam hits, and some auxiliary correlator-related information. Whenever EDI is not in electron drift mode, it uses its ambient electron mode. The mode has the capability to sample at either 90 degrees pitch angle or at 0/180 degrees (field aligned), or to alternate between 90 degrees and field aligned with selectable dwell times. While all options have been demonstrated during the commissioning phase, only the field aligned mode has been used in the routine operations phase. The choices for energy are 250 eV, 500 eV, and 1 keV. The two detectors, which are facing opposite hemispheres, are looking strictly into opposite directions, so while one detector is looking along B the other is looking antiparallel to B (corresponding to pitch angles of 180 and 0 degrees, respectively). The two detectors switch roles every half spin of the spacecraft as the tip of the magnetic field vector spins outside the field of view of one detector and into the field of view of the other detector. This is the primary data product generated from data collected in electric field mode. The science data generated are drift velocity and electric field data in various coordinate systems. They are derived from triangulation and/or time-of-flight analysis. Where both methods are applicable, their results will be combined using a weighting approach based on their relative errors. The EDI instrument paper can be found at: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11214-015-0182-7. The EDI instrument data products guide can be found at https://lasp.colorado.edu/mms/sdc/public/datasets/fields/.
THEMIS-C (P2/ARTEMIS-P2), Electric Field Instrument (EFI) Spacecraft measured Electric Field
THEMIS-C: Electric Field Instrument, EFI, Electric Field Measurements. The L2 Product is a 3D Estimate of the perpnedicular Electric Field, Eperp, derived from the Spin Plane E-Field Measurements assuming E ⋅ B = 0, using relevant Flux-Gate Magnetometer, FGM, Data. This Data Product includes Spin-Averaged, and Fast Survey Field Data. The Spin-Averaged Data, EFS_DOT0, has approximately 3 s Time Resolution. Fast Survey, EFF_DOT0, Data has 0.125 s Time Resolution.
Impact of thermal treatment, pulsed electric fields, and high-pressure processing on the transcriptome of Escherichia coli ATCC 8739
GEO Series GSE283248. Escherichia coli. 21 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Transcriptional responses by human skin cells to high-voltage electric field: Sham vs. SE-14000 stimulation
GEO Series GSE110830. Homo sapiens. 9 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Hand-powered interfacial electric-field-enhanced water disinfection system
GEO Series GSE305452. Escherichia coli. 6 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Microsecond pulsed electric fields induce myocardial ablation by damaging mitochondria
GEO Series GSE214387. Rattus norvegicus. 18 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Bio-Electric Field Enhancement: The Influence on MDA-MB231 Cells in Vitro
GEO Series GSE92320. Homo sapiens. 4 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Gene expression induced by Nanosecond pulsed electric fields
GEO Series GSE4106. Homo sapiens. 12 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Non-invasive electric magnetic fields: Effects on keratinocyte migration and proliferation
GEO Series GSE11181. Homo sapiens. 2 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
THEMIS-E: Probe Electric Field Instrument and Search Coil Magnetometer Instrument, Digital Fields Board - digitally computed Filter Bank spectra and E12 peak and average in HF band (FBK).
The Filter Bank is part of the Digital fields board and provides band-pass filtering for EFI and SCM spectra as well as E12HF peak and average value calculations. The Filter Bank provides band-pass filtering for less computationally and power intensive spectra than the FFT would provide. The process is as follows: Signals are fed to the Filter Bank via a low-pass FIR filter with a cut-off frequency half that of the original signal maximum. The output is passed to the band-pass filters, is differenced from the original signal, then absolute value of the data is taken and averaged. The output from the low-pass filter is also sent to a second FIR filter with 2:1 decimation. This output is then fed back through the system. The process runs through 12 cascades for input at 8,192 samples/s and 13 for input at 16,384 samples/sec (EAC input only), reducing the signal and computing power by a factor 2 at each cascade. At each cascade a set of data is produced at a sampling frequency of 2^n from 2 Hz to the initial sampling frequency (frequency characteristics for each step are shown below in Table 1). The average from the Filter Bank is compressed to 8 bits with a pseudo-logarithmic encoder. The data is stored in sets of six frequency bins at 2.689 kHz, 572 Hz, 144.2 Hz, 36.2 Hz, 9.05 Hz, and 2.26 Hz. The average of the coupled E12HF signal and it's peak value are recorded over 62.5 ms windows (i.e. a 16 Hz sampling rate). Accumulation of values from signal 31.25 ms windows is performed externally. The analog signals fed into the FBK are E12DC and SCM1. Sensor and electronics design provided by UCB (J. W. Bonnell, F. S. Mozer), Digital Fields Board provided by LASP (R. Ergun), Search coil data provided by CETP (A. Roux). Table 1: Frequency Properties. Cascade Frequency content of Input Signal Low-pass Filter Cutoff Frequency Freuency Content of Low-pass Output Signal Filter Bank Frequency Band 0* 0 - 8 kHz 4 kHz 0 - 4 kHz 4 - 8 kHz 1 0 - 4 kHz 2 kHz 0 - 2 kHz 2 - 4 kHz 2 0 - 2 kHz 1 kHz 0 - 1 kHz 1 - 2 kHz 3 0 - 1 kHz 512 Hz 0 - 512 Hz 512 Hz - 1 kHz 4 0 - 512 Hz 256 Hz 0 - 256 Hz 256 - 512 Hz 5 0 - 256 Hz 128 Hz 0 - 128 Hz 128 - 256 Hz 6 0 - 128 Hz 64 Hz 0 - 64 Hz 64 - 128 Hz 7 0 - 64 Hz 32 Hz 0 - 32 Hz 32 - 64 Hz 8 0 - 32 Hz 16 Hz 0 - 16 Hz 16 - 32 Hz 9 0 - 16 Hz 8 Hz 0 - 8 Hz 8 - 16 Hz 10 0 - 8 Hz 4 Hz 0 - 4 Hz 4 - 8 Hz 11 0 - 4 Hz 2 Hz 0 - 2 Hz 2 - 4 Hz 12 0 - 2 Hz 1 Hz 0 - 1 Hz 1 - 2 Hz *Only available for 16,384 Hz sampling.
THEMIS-D: Probe Electric Field Instrument and Search Coil Magnetometer Instrument, Digital Fields Board - digitally computed Filter Bank spectra and E12 peak and average in HF band (FBK).
The Filter Bank is part of the Digital fields board and provides band-pass filtering for EFI and SCM spectra as well as E12HF peak and average value calculations. The Filter Bank provides band-pass filtering for less computationally and power intensive spectra than the FFT would provide. The process is as follows: Signals are fed to the Filter Bank via a low-pass FIR filter with a cut-off frequency half that of the original signal maximum. The output is passed to the band-pass filters, is differenced from the original signal, then absolute value of the data is taken and averaged. The output from the low-pass filter is also sent to a second FIR filter with 2:1 decimation. This output is then fed back through the system. The process runs through 12 cascades for input at 8,192 samples/s and 13 for input at 16,384 samples/sec (EAC input only), reducing the signal and computing power by a factor 2 at each cascade. At each cascade a set of data is produced at a sampling frequency of 2^n from 2 Hz to the initial sampling frequency (frequency characteristics for each step are shown below in Table 1). The average from the Filter Bank is compressed to 8 bits with a pseudo-logarithmic encoder. The data is stored in sets of six frequency bins at 2.689 kHz, 572 Hz, 144.2 Hz, 36.2 Hz, 9.05 Hz, and 2.26 Hz. The average of the coupled E12HF signal and it's peak value are recorded over 62.5 ms windows (i.e. a 16 Hz sampling rate). Accumulation of values from signal 31.25 ms windows is performed externally. The analog signals fed into the FBK are E12DC and SCM1. Sensor and electronics design provided by UCB (J. W. Bonnell, F. S. Mozer), Digital Fields Board provided by LASP (R. Ergun), Search coil data provided by CETP (A. Roux). Table 1: Frequency Properties. Cascade Frequency content of Input Signal Low-pass Filter Cutoff Frequency Freuency Content of Low-pass Output Signal Filter Bank Frequency Band 0* 0 - 8 kHz 4 kHz 0 - 4 kHz 4 - 8 kHz 1 0 - 4 kHz 2 kHz 0 - 2 kHz 2 - 4 kHz 2 0 - 2 kHz 1 kHz 0 - 1 kHz 1 - 2 kHz 3 0 - 1 kHz 512 Hz 0 - 512 Hz 512 Hz - 1 kHz 4 0 - 512 Hz 256 Hz 0 - 256 Hz 256 - 512 Hz 5 0 - 256 Hz 128 Hz 0 - 128 Hz 128 - 256 Hz 6 0 - 128 Hz 64 Hz 0 - 64 Hz 64 - 128 Hz 7 0 - 64 Hz 32 Hz 0 - 32 Hz 32 - 64 Hz 8 0 - 32 Hz 16 Hz 0 - 16 Hz 16 - 32 Hz 9 0 - 16 Hz 8 Hz 0 - 8 Hz 8 - 16 Hz 10 0 - 8 Hz 4 Hz 0 - 4 Hz 4 - 8 Hz 11 0 - 4 Hz 2 Hz 0 - 2 Hz 2 - 4 Hz 12 0 - 2 Hz 1 Hz 0 - 1 Hz 1 - 2 Hz *Only available for 16,384 Hz sampling.
DE 1 Plasma Wave Instrument (PWI) Low Frequency Correlator Electric and Magnetic Field Spectral Density
Two Dynamics Explorer (DE) spacecraft were launched August 3, 1981, and placed into coplanar polar orbits with DE-1 in a highly elliptical orbit and DE-2 in a lower more circular orbit. The primary objective of the DE program was to investigate magnetosphere-ionosphere-atmosphere coupling processes. The DE mission provided a wealth of new information on a wide variety of magnetospheric plasma wave phenomena including auroral kilometric radiation, auroral hiss, Z mode radiation, narrow-band electromagnetic emissions associated with equatorial upper hybrid waves, whistler mode emissions, wave-particle interactions stimulated by ground VLF transmitters, equatorial ion cyclotron emissions, ion Bernstein mode emissions, and electric field turbulence along the auroral field lines. These files contain calibrated, full resolution, data from the DE-1 Plasma Wave Instrument (PWI). This instrument was designed and built by the plasma wave group at The University of Iowa, Department of Physics and Astronomy, in collaboration with investigators at Stanford University's STAR Laboratory. It measured plasma wave phenomena and quasi-static electric fields using paired combinations of five PWI sensors: a 200m tip-to-tip long wire electric antenna deployed in the spacecraft spin plane, a 9m tip-to-tip tubular electric antenna deployed along the spacecraft spin axis, a short 0.6m electric antenna, mounted on the boom and oriented parallel to the long wire antenna, a magnetic loop antenna mounted on the boom and oriented to measure the component of the magnetic field parallel to the long wire antenna, and a magnetic search coil antenna, also mounted on a boom and oriented to measure the magnetic field parallel to the spacecraft spin axis. The PWI main electronics unit consisted of a Step Frequency Correlator (SFC), a Low Frequency Correlator (LFC), a Wideband Analog Receiver (WBR) and a Linear Wave Receiver (LWR). Only the LFC data are included in these files. The SFC data were provided in a companion fileset. A dataset containing available high rate WBR LWR data may be provided in future archive products. The LFC consisted of two receivers (LFR-A and LFR-B) with 8 analog channels each. The analog channels were centered at 1.78, 3.12, 5.62, 10.0, 17.8, 31.2, 56.2 and 100 Hz. Each channel's band-edge was at +/-15% of the center value. Each LFR in the LFC could be connected to either the Ex, Es, Ez, or H antenna during an 8 second major frame. In addition, the Low Frequency Correlator provided in-phase and quadrature-phase correlations of signals from any selected antenna pair. Phase data are not provided in this file set.
MMS 4 Digital Signal Processor (DSP) Double Probe (ADP, SDP), Electric Field Power Spectral Density, Level 2 (L2), Slow Mode, 16 s Data
The MMS electric field power spectral density (EPSD) is computed onboard by the Digital Signal Processor (DSP). The fast Fourier transform (FFT) calculation is performed on a digitized version of analog signals from the Axial Double Probe (ADP) and Spin-Plane Double Probe (SDP). This data product is computed in space from individual components that are not synchronized to the 1 second pulse. Therefore, the timing between channels can be inaccurate by a fraction of a second. The samples times are interval start times taken from the x component. The spectra are calculated via a 1024-point FFT algorithm on piecewise continuous sets of waveform data. Nine signals can be processed simultaneously. Six of the twelve DC-coupled E, DC-coupled V, or SCM signals (16384 samples/s) are selected for spectral processing at 100% duty cycle. In addition, the three AC-coupled signals (262,144 kS/s) each can be processed at 6.25% duty cycle. Each of the nine signals has 16, 1024-point FFT operations every second; the field-programmable gate array (FPGA) performs 144 FFTs per second. The FFT is performed by an arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which is controlled by a state machine. Both are hard-coded into the FPGA. The operation starts by applying a 1024-point Hanning window onto a waveform. Next, an FFT is implemented. The FFT is broken into a series of "butterfly" operations performed by the ALU. The result has real and imaginary data. Power spectra are calculated by taking the sum of squares of real and imaginary values (the ALU includes a multiplier), which produces a power spectrum with 512 frequency bins. The frequency bins are then combined to give pseudo-logarithmic frequency spacing (del f)/f. The spectra are reduced to 56 frequency bins with (del f)/f between 6% and 12% when possible. Narrow-band emissions can be fit to an accuracy of (del f)/f ~3%, allowing for an accurate determination of plasma density. The spectra can be averaged in time. The fastest reporting rate of any signal is 16 spectra per second. Reporting rates can be as slow a one spectra every 16 s (averaging 256 spectra). The averaging process has 48-bit accuracy to maximize the dynamic range. The amplitudes undergo a pseudo-logarithmic compression to an 8-bit number representing over 120 dB of dynamic range at ~5% precision.
THEMIS-A: On Board Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) power spectra of Electric (EFI) and Magnetic (SCM) field measurements, for particle and wave burst survey modes.
On Board Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) power spectra of Electric (EFI) and Magnetic (SCM) field measurements for particle and wave burst survey modes. Spectra are produced only in Particle Burst and Wave Burst modes; only a preselected four of the signals listed in Table 1 are input at any time. Data fed through the FFT while not in Particle or Wave Burst modes is automatically disgarded. The FFTs (Cooley-Tukey algorithm) are conducted as an integral part of the power spectrum calculation by the Field Programable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). A CORDIC algorithm is used for sine/cosine calculations. The data has raw resolution of 1024 pts for 8,192 sample/sec signals and 2048 pts for 16,384 sample/sec signals (EAC measurements only). Signals at 8,192 samples/sec are handled by 1024-point FFTs, while those at 16,384 samples/sec go through 2048-point FFTs. Past and current signal configurations for specific spacecraft are listed bellow in Table 2. The spectra are arranged into log spaced frequency bins in steps of 16, 32, or 64. Cadence is adjusted to keep packet size constant (i.e. increasing the fequency resolution by a factor of 2 decreases the sampling rate by 1/2). The frequency bins cover a range of 0 Hz to 4 kHz. Table 1: FFT Input Signals. Signal Description SCMX, SCMY, SCMZ: Three axis magnetic fiend from SCM V1 through V6: Probe-spacecraft voltage for all six EFI sensors E12DC, E34DC, E56DC: DC-coupled electric field measured from opposing EFI sensors E12AC, E34AV, E56AC: AC-coupled electric field measured from opposing EFI sensors E12HF: High frequency electric field from EFI Table 2: Spacecraft specific configurations. All probes were initially set to use EDC34, EDC56, SCM2, and SCM3 signals for both particle and wave burst modes. Output was set to 16 frequency bins at 4 Hz. Configuration Changes: 9 June 2008: Particle burst spectra resolution increased from 16 to 64 bins and cadence slowed from 4 Hz to 1 Hz for closer analysis of spectral features. N/A: Particle burst spectra on all probes reconfigured to 64 bins at 1 Hz. 15 Aug 2008: E34DC and E56DC inputs switched to E34AC and E56AC to reduce impact of wake fields on FFT spectral measurements. 15 Oct 2008: Particle burst spectra resolution reduced from 64 to 32 bins and the rate increased from 1 Hz to 2 Hz; a response to noise from plasma wake fields in the 64 bin spectra. Table 3: Instrument-Spacecraft Physical Configuration Instrument Alignment in Spacecraft Geometric coordinates (SPG). See THEMIS website for coordinate system details and mechanical drawings. EFI boom 1: Along positive X-axis EFI boom 2: Along negative X-axis EFI boom 3: Along positive Y-axis EFI boom 4: Along negative Y-axis EFI boom 5: Along positive Z-axis EFI boom 6: Along negative Z-axis SCM *The SCM uses an instrument specific set of axes; an orthogonal system centered instrument with the X-axis 12.1 degrees from the SPG X-axis.
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