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161 results for “forest restoration”
Using multiple seedlots in restoration planting enhances genetic diversity compared to natural regeneration in fragmented tropical forests
<p>Catastrophic degradation of forests is ongoing worldwide and leads to severe forest fragmentation. Restoration plantings are often necessary to restore fragmented forests, complementing the limited natural regeneration. High genetic diversity is critical for the long-term viability of restored forests. However, there is limited knowledge of whether planted populations capture a genetic variation comparable to natural populations. We measured the efficiency of two forest restoration strategies using the common tropical oak <em>Quercus bambusifolia</em>. The multi-seedlot planting was established over ten years by collecting seeds from several locations in fragmented secondary forests of Hong Kong, while the single seedlot planting was established in just one year with seeds from a single natural location. We analysed the genetic diversity and genetic structure from both plantings and compared them with natural populations. The multi-seedlot planting exhibited a higher rate of genetic recovery, greater genetic diversity (He = 0.69), and higher effective population size (Ne_p = 86.5) compared to natural populations (He = 0.66, Ne_p = 64.3, on average) and the single seedlot planting (He = 0.50, Ne_p = 30.8). The multi-seedlot planting erased the effect of seed shadows which was detected in natural populations while the single seedlot planting strengthened the effect. We conclude that capturing high levels of genetic diversity in the collection of propagules is a standard requirement to ensure the long-term viability of forest restoration. Propagule collection over multiple years is required when only a few parental trees are available to avoid founder effects.</p>
Positive long-term impacts of restoration on soils in an experimental urban forest
<p>As urbanization increases worldwide, so too are investments in nature-based solutions that aim to mitigate urban stressors and counter the impacts of global climate change. Tree planting on degraded urban lands—or afforestation—is one form of nature-based solution that has been increasingly implemented in cities around the world. The benefits of afforestation are, however, contingent on the capacity of soils to support the growth of planted trees, which poses a challenge in some urban settings where unfavorable soil conditions limit tree performance. Soil-focused site treatments could help urban areas overcome impediments to afforestation, yet few studies have examined the long-term (> 5 years) effects of site treatments on soils and other management objectives. We analyzed the impacts of compost amendments, interplanting with shrubs, and tree species composition (six species vs. two species) on soil conditions and associated tree growth in 54 experimental afforestation plots in New York City, USA. We compared baseline soil conditions to conditions after six years and examined changes in the treatment effects from one to six years. Site treatments and tree planting increased soil microbial biomass, water holding capacity, and total carbon and nitrogen and reduced soil pH and bulk density relative to baseline conditions. These changes were most pronounced in compost-amended plots, and the effects of the shrub and species composition treatments were minimal. In fact, compost was key to sustaining long-term changes in soil carbon stocks, which increased by 17% in compost-amended plots but declined in unamended plots. Plots amended with compost also had 59% more nitrogen than unamended plots, which was associated with a 20% increase in the basal area of planted trees. Improvements in soil conditions after six years departed from the initial trends observed after one year, highlighting the importance of longer-term studies to quantify restoration success. Altogether, our results show that site treatments and tree planting can have long-lasting impacts on soil conditions and that these changes can support multiple urban land management objectives.</p>
Data from: Towards more effective integration of tropical forest restoration and conservation
Conservation and restoration interventions can be mutually reinforcing and are converging through an increased focus on social dimensions. This paper examines how to more effectively integrate the complementary goals of conservation and restoration of tropical forests. Forest conservation and restoration interventions are integral components of a broad approach to forest ecosystem and landscape management that aims to maintain and restore key ecological processes and enhance human well-being, while minimizing biodiversity loss. The forest transition model provides a useful framework for understanding the relative importance of forest conservation and restoration interventions in different regions. Harmonizing conservation and restoration presents serious challenges for forest policy in tropical countries, particularly regarding the use and management of secondary forests, fallow vegetation, and forests degraded by logging and fire. Research to implement restoration more effectively in tropical regions can be stimulated by transforming questions that initially focused on conservation issues. Examination of papers published in Biotropica from 2000–2018 shows that most studies relevant to tropical forest conservation do not address forest restoration issues. Forest restoration studies, on the other hand, show a consistent association with conservation issues. There is much scope for further integration of conservation and restoration in research, practice, and policy. Securing a sustainable future for tropical forests requires developing and applying integrated approaches to landscape management that effectively combine knowledge and tools from multiple disciplines with practical experience and engagement of local stakeholders.
Optimizing Forest Restoration: a holistic spatial approach to deliver Nature's Contributions to People with minimal trade-offs and maximal equity
<p>The datasets in this repository are the results of the study titled "Optimizing Forest Restoration: a holistic spatial approach to deliver Nature's Contributions to People (NCP) with minimal trade-offs and maximal equity". The study shows that forest restoration plans aimed at joint achievement of multiple NCP have minimal trade-offs between the NCP, optimize areas evenly across the potential restoration area considered and have maximal equity considering socioeconomically disadvantaged people in India, when compared to single NCP forest restoration plans. There are 3 NCP considered- climate change mitigation (MtC), biodiversity value NCP (number of forest depenend mamm species of 56 forest mammals considered, who restoration area target will be met)) and people NCP (number of people to whom livelihoods, energy and housing contruction material will be delivered). Single NCP forest restoration plans aim at only one of the three NCP considered at a time while the integrated plan is aimed at joint achievement of all three NCP. The peer-reviewed publication will be linked here after the peer-review process. <br><br>There are 5 datasets in this repository. The first titled opportunearea_10km_resample.tif is the potential forest restoration area considered in this study. The pixel values indicate the amount of potential forest restoration area within that pixel in sqm. The remaining 4 datasets are zipped files indicating each of the forest restoration plans considered. In each zipped file there are 100 raster files (.tif format). Each of the rasters provide the forest restoration area (first dataset) optimized for the respective type of forest restoration plan in 1% increments of the total potential restoration area. The naming format followed for each of these rasters is Y_NCPtype_optimality.tif, where Y is 1-100 and NCPType is either Biodiveristy, People, Carbon or Integrated. The pixel values in each of the rasters have a range of 0-1, where 0 means that restoration area (pixel) is not optimized for delivery of the respective NCP for that increment of total potential restoration area and 1 means the entire restoration area (pixel) has been optimized for delivery of the respective NCP. Proportional pixel values indicate that the respective proportion of the restoration area is optimal. <br><br>All rasters have pixel dimensions of 10 km x 10k (333, 325, 1 (nrow, ncol, nlyr)) with raster extent 7590450, 10840450, 902100, 4232100 (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax) and WGS 1984 Psuedo Mercator (EPSG: 3857) coordinate reference system.</p>
Data from: Restoration of forest resilience to fire from old trees is possible across a large Colorado dry-forest landscape by 2060, but only under the Paris 1.5 deg. C goal
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Data from: Towards more effective integration of tropical forest restoration and conservation
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Data from: Tropical forest restoration: fast resilience of plant biomass contrasts with slow recovery of stable soil C stocks
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Using multiple seedlots in restoration planting enhances genetic diversity compared to natural regeneration in fragmented tropical forests
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Positive long-term impacts of restoration on soils in an experimental urban forest
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Data from: Species wood density and the location of planted seedlings drive early-stage seedling survival during tropical forest restoration
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Data from: Seed dispersal limitations shift over time in tropical forest restoration
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Data from: Factors explaining variability in woody above-ground biomass accumulation in restored tropical forest
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Data from: Landscape Context Mediates Avian Habitat Choice in Tropical Forest Restoration
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Data from: Disentangling relationships between plant diversity and decomposition processes under forest restoration
Biodiversity has been elucidated to be one of the major factors sustaining ecosystem functioning. The vast majority of studies showing a relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning have come from experiments, and this knowledge has not yet been applied to most real-world cases of conservation and management. This is especially true in forest ecosystems, characterized by the dominance of long-lived organisms (trees) and high levels of structural complexity and environmental heterogeneity. To apply biodiversity–function relationships to actual forest management, there are several issues to be considered. These include employing a cross-taxon perspective, as some functions (e.g. soil biogeochemical processes) cannot be maintained by a narrow set of organisms, as is usually the case with experimental systems. More specifically, although the interaction between above- and below-ground diversity is important for many functions in forests, there are few studies that evaluated the roles of diversity in both subsystems in a manner that could be informative in practice. To evaluate the roles of above- and below-ground diversity to support natural soil ecosystem functions, we conducted a decomposition experiment in the northern forests of Japan, which are currently under restoration management. The restoration area consists of mosaics of different vegetation types by various revegetation activities and establishment of ungulate exclosures. Using structural equation modelling and linear mixed-effects models, we assessed direct and indirect pathways from diversity to functions by focusing on both of taxonomic and functional diversity indices. To put our findings into practice, we utilized a trait-based approach, which provides a link between the functional consequences of human influences and ecosystem structure. We found little direct effects of tree diversity on below-ground functions such as decomposition rate and litter stabilization. However, once the diversities of understorey herbaceous plants and soil fungi were considered as a possible mediating explanatory factor, we found a significant effect of tree diversity to indirectly support these functions by supporting these other types of biodiversity. Particularly, we found that the models based on functional trait diversity, rather than on taxonomic species richness, best explained the variation in below-ground processes. Synthesis and applications. Forest restoration in the northern forests of Japan has had no explicit objective to restore soil functions. Nevertheless, afforestation, and the associated increase in tree diversity as a measure of forest restoration, was, although often unintentionally, proven effective for the maintenance of multiple ecosystem functions, such as soil biogeochemical processes. This finding suggests a great potential for management to make local tree assemblages functionally dissimilar and diverse for the sake of supporting and enhancing fundamental ecosystem functions in forests.
Biodiversity benefits of China's 20-year efforts in forest restoration
<p>China has become the global leader in forest restoration, through unprecedented investment and various large-scale programs since 2000. Nevertheless, the overall biodiversity outcomes of these efforts remain to be resolved. Here, using 402 non-migratory forest bird species as indicators, we assessed biodiversity changes from 2000 to 2020 at a national scale, controlling for the effects of climate change by using an ecological niche modeling framework. We found substantial biodiversity benefits linked to the expansion of forest extent and the improvement in forest structure, with 73.6% of avian species experiencing habitat expansion and mean species richness increasing by 2.886 ± 8.418. Protection-focused and afforestation-dominated restoration programs both effectively enhanced biodiversity, with planted forests performing similarly to natural forests over this period. Key factors facilitating this enhancement included tree cover and canopy structural complexity. Our findings suggest that restoring planted forests in degraded landscapes can provide substantial biodiversity benefits, although this should incorporate mixed tree species silviculture practices to enhance the structural complexity of planted forests. This study highlights China’s achievements but also the potential risks involved in forest and biodiversity restoration, and provides general insights for the optimization of future restoration policy and management in China and beyond.</p>
Figure 1 from: Osorio-Beristain M, Rodríguez A, Martínez-Garza C, Alcalá RE (2018) Relating flight initiation distance in birds to tropical dry forest restoration. Zoologia 35: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e12642
Figure 1 Mean (± SE) flight initiation distance scored in the three avian species evaluated.
Data from: Disentangling relationships between plant diversity and decomposition processes under forest restoration
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Recovery of seedling community attributes during passive restoration of a tropical moist forest in Uganda
<p><strong>Aim: </strong>There has been a debate about the effectiveness of passive restoration for recovering tropical forests, but few studies quantify the success of passive restoration. The aim of this study was to better understand tropical forest succession under a passive restoration scenario. We compared floristic and functional attributes of seedlings in a passively-restored and an old-growth forest, and assessed the effect of restoration age and distance from the old-growth forest on seedling attributes.</p> <p><strong>Location:</strong> Kibale National Park, western Uganda</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> We measured seedlings in a passively-restored and an old‐growth forest in 2011, 2014 and 2017. We determined species diversity, structure and composition and searched the literature for functional traits. We used generalized linear mixed-effects models to compare seedling attributes between the restored and old-growth forest and determine the influence of restoration age and distance from the old-growth forest.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Seedling species abundance, evenness, basal area and height were similar between the restored and old-growth forest. Wood density and abundance of seedlings of different dispersal modes, habitat types, fruit size categories, and regeneration strategies were also similar between the restored and old-growth forest. However, richness, diversity and composition of seedlings were different. We found a positive effect of restoration age on species abundance and abundance of non-zoochorous, medium-fruited, forest-dependent, non-pioneer light demander and shade-tolerant species, and a negative effect on evenness, wood density, abundance of pioneers and compositional dissimilarity. Basal area of seedlings and the abundance of zoochorous and forest-dependent species declined while compositional dissimilarity increased with distance from the old-growth forest.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Our results provide empirical evidence on the potential of passive restoration to recover the structure and functionality of tropical forests in a relatively short period of time. We demonstrate that the effect of restoration age and distance from the old-growth forest is not straightforward and depends on the attributes measured.</p>
Hydrologic Impacts of Forest Disturbance, Conversion and Restoration
<p>A global database comparing the impacts of disturbance, conversion, and restoration of native forests on hydrological processes of great importance for water security. The database is focused on local comparisons or a limited number of hydrological processes and land-use types, spanning 1049 cases from 287 primary studies in 58 countries and 12 biomes. The database includes changes in six hydrological processes (i.e. interception, overland flow, evapotranspiration -total and as a share of rainfall, infiltration, and streamflow, and land-use types (logged, degraded, burned, clear-cut, and restored native forests, monoculture tree plantations, orchards/agroforestry areas, pasturelands, and croplands). Even this database is not focused on evaluating water balances or considers water closure regimes, values on these processes can be used as indicators of changes in water processes across native forest cover and other land use types.</p>
Dataset for Water Resource / Forest Restoration Modeling in Tahoe-Central Sierra Region
<p>This dataset includes materials related to a water resource modeling project in the Tahoe-Central Sierra Initiative (TCSI) region. The project used the DHSVM and LANDIS-II models to predict the potential hydrological impacts of various forest management scenarios related to partial or full restoration of the historic forest disturbance return interval.</p> <p>This dataset includes:</p> <ol> <li>Folders for each figure in the submitted manuscript, including data and scripts needed to reproduce the figures.</li> <li>Model results, including CSV files of raw streamflow outputs from DHSVM, a combined CSV file of mass/energy balance outputs from DHSVM, and geoTIFF rasters of various snowpack states from DHSVM. Additionally, post-processed data are included, such as aggregated streamflow products and comparisons between management scenarios.</li> <li>Ancillary data related to the model setup, calibration, and scenario implementation, including meteorology, configuration files, watershed boundaries, output vegetation maps from LANDIS-II used as inputs to DHSVM, and calibration reference data.</li> </ol>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.