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Figure 4 in Diplopoda in the world fossil record
Figure 4. New records of Diplopoda from Mexican amber, Simojovel Formation, Upper Oligocene-Lower Miocene. A. CPAL.121: Trichopolydesmidae (Polydesmida). B. CPAL.130: Sphaeriodesmidae (Polydesmida). C. CPAL.150: Trichopolydesmidae (Polydesmida). D. CPAL.125.1: Polydesmida indet. E. CPAL.137: Polydesmida indet. F. CPAL.138: Pyrgodesmidae (Polydesmida). Scale bars: A, E = 0.5 mm; B, F = 1.0 mm; C–D = 0.2 mm.
Figure 2 in Diplopoda in the world fossil record
Figure 2. Stratocladogram of the class Diplopoda showing the fossil record from the Middle Silurian to the Upper Pleistocene. Time scale adapted from the ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart. Phylogenetic position of the higher taxa, including those extinct, follows Wilson (2006), Sierwald & Bond (2007), and Shear & Edgecombe (2010). Range extension is indicated by bold lines and ghost lineages by narrow lines. Taxa are shown on the branches by a number associated with the taxonomic list. Bold lines indicate range extension. Narrow lines represent ghost lineages. Incertae sedis are indicated by dotted lines. A dagger denotes extinct groups. Abrevations: E—Eocene; EP—Paleocene; MI—Miocene; OL—Oligocene; PL—Pliocene; PE—Pleistocene.
Text-fig. 5. Size comparison of lion p4 and m1 from Za Hájovnou Cave with close relative forms from European sites (black: Panthera fossilis, grey: Panthera cf. fossilis or Panthera fossilis – spelaea; f = female, old c. = old collection). Data source: Wojtusiak 1953, Thenius 1972, Schütt and Hemmer 1978, Argant 1988, 1991, García 2003, Baryshnikov and Tsoukala 2010). in Panthera Fossilis (Reichenau, 1906) (Felidae, Carnivora) From Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, The Czech Republic): A Fossil Record From 1987-2007
Text-fig. 5. Size comparison of lion p4 and m1 from Za Hájovnou Cave with close relative forms from European sites (black: Panthera fossilis, grey: Panthera cf. fossilis or Panthera fossilis – spelaea; f = female, old c. = old collection). Data source: Wojtusiak 1953, Thenius 1972, Schütt and Hemmer 1978, Argant 1988, 1991, García 2003, Baryshnikov and Tsoukala 2010).
Text-fig. 4. Hindlimb bones of Panthera fossilis (REICHENAU, 1906) from Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, the Czech Republic), Middle Pleistocene. a – left patella (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,> MIS 9), anterior view; b – fragment of left fibula (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,> MIS 9), anterior view; c – right calcaneus (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,> MIS 9), dorsal view; d – right astragalus (Chodba naděje, layer 4, ≤ MIS 9), distal end view; e – left Mt IV (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,> MIS 9), medial view; f – proximal phalanx of the first digit (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,> MIS 9), dorsal view; g – proximal phalanx with gnaw marks (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,> MIS 9), plantar view. in Panthera Fossilis (Reichenau, 1906) (Felidae, Carnivora) From Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, The Czech Republic): A Fossil Record From 1987-2007
Text-fig. 4. Hindlimb bones of Panthera fossilis (REICHENAU, 1906) from Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, the Czech Republic), Middle Pleistocene. a – left patella (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,> MIS 9), anterior view; b – fragment of left fibula (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,> MIS 9), anterior view; c – right calcaneus (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,> MIS 9), dorsal view; d – right astragalus (Chodba naděje, layer 4, ≤ MIS 9), distal end view; e – left Mt IV (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,> MIS 9), medial view; f – proximal phalanx of the first digit (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,> MIS 9), dorsal view; g – proximal phalanx with gnaw marks (Narozeninová chodba, layer 5,> MIS 9), plantar view.
Text-fig. 2. Taphonomic and pathological phenomena of bear bones from Middle Pleistocene deposits from Vykopaná chodba in Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, the Czech Republic). a – fragment of left mandibula with pathological condylar process; b – thoracic vertebra with pathological rib facet; c – Mc III dext. with exostoses; d – fragment of juvenile right ulna with bite marks; e – gnawed right tibia with bite marks on proximal part; f – gnawed left calcaneus with bite marks. in Basic Population And Taphonomic Analysis Of Bear Assemblages From Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, The Czech Republic): A Fossil Record From 1987-2007
Text-fig. 2. Taphonomic and pathological phenomena of bear bones from Middle Pleistocene deposits from Vykopaná chodba in Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, the Czech Republic). a – fragment of left mandibula with pathological condylar process; b – thoracic vertebra with pathological rib facet; c – Mc III dext. with exostoses; d – fragment of juvenile right ulna with bite marks; e – gnawed right tibia with bite marks on proximal part; f – gnawed left calcaneus with bite marks.
Text-fig. 5. Distribution of age classes of deningeri bears from Middle Pleistocene deposits from Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, the Czech Republic) based on wear stage of M2 dext. and m2 dext. (I–III: juveniles, IV–VII: prime adults, VIII–IX: senile adults; according to Stiner 1998). Juveniles distinctly outnumber adults. in Basic Population And Taphonomic Analysis Of Bear Assemblages From Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, The Czech Republic): A Fossil Record From 1987-2007
Text-fig. 5. Distribution of age classes of deningeri bears from Middle Pleistocene deposits from Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, the Czech Republic) based on wear stage of M2 dext. and m2 dext. (I–III: juveniles, IV–VII: prime adults, VIII–IX: senile adults; according to Stiner 1998). Juveniles distinctly outnumber adults.
Text-fig. 4. Taphonomic and pathological phenomena of bear bones from Middle Pleistocene deposits from Spojovací chodba – Narozeninová chodba in Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, the Czech Republic). a – Mc V sin. with a pathological phenomenon on the metapodial distal part (tuberosity/exostosis?); b – gnawed juvenile ulna; c – right tibia gnawed by a large rodent (porcupine?) with detail. in Basic Population And Taphonomic Analysis Of Bear Assemblages From Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, The Czech Republic): A Fossil Record From 1987-2007
Text-fig. 4. Taphonomic and pathological phenomena of bear bones from Middle Pleistocene deposits from Spojovací chodba – Narozeninová chodba in Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, the Czech Republic). a – Mc V sin. with a pathological phenomenon on the metapodial distal part (tuberosity/exostosis?); b – gnawed juvenile ulna; c – right tibia gnawed by a large rodent (porcupine?) with detail.
Text-fig. 3. Taphonomic and pathological phenomena of bear bones from Middle Pleistocene deposits from Chodba naděje in Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, the Czech Republic). a – gnawed lumbar vertebra with a bite mark on the body head; b – fragment of pelvis with a bite mark; c – femur head with a bite mark; d – Mc II dext. with a pathological phenomenon on the metapodial proximal part (tuberosity/exostosis?). in Basic Population And Taphonomic Analysis Of Bear Assemblages From Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, The Czech Republic): A Fossil Record From 1987-2007
Text-fig. 3. Taphonomic and pathological phenomena of bear bones from Middle Pleistocene deposits from Chodba naděje in Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, the Czech Republic). a – gnawed lumbar vertebra with a bite mark on the body head; b – fragment of pelvis with a bite mark; c – femur head with a bite mark; d – Mc II dext. with a pathological phenomenon on the metapodial proximal part (tuberosity/exostosis?).
Fig. 3 in The oldest fossil record of the megamouth shark from the late Eocene of Denmark, and comments on the enigmatic megachasmid origin
Fig. 3. Priabonian (late Eocene) paleogeographic map (after Smith et al. 1994: 29) showing the fossil record of "applegatei-grade" Megachasma (i.e., M. alisonae sp. nov., M. applegatei, or M. cf. M. applegatei) from Eocene, Oligocene, and Miocene–?Pliocene deposits as well as "pelagios-grade" Megachasma (i.e., M. pelagios or M. cf. M. pelagios) from post-Oligocene deposits. Asterisk indicates inferred taxonomic identification (see text). Localities: 1, Priabonian of Denmark (this study); 2, Chattian of Oregon, USA; 3, Chattian of California, USA; 4, Aquitanian of Oregon, USA; 5, Aquitanian of California, USA (Shimada et al. 2014); 6, Aquitanian of Mexico (Gonzalez-Barba and Thies 2000); 7, "early Miocene (?)"–"early Pliocene (?)" of Belgium (De Schutter 2009); 8, Zanclean of North Carolina, USA (Purdy et al. 2001); 9, "Neogene" of Florida, USA (De Schutter 2009); 10, "Upper Miocene" of Chile (Cappetta 2012); 11, Tortonian of Greece (Keupp and Bellas 2002; De Schutter 2009; Cappetta 2012); 12, Zanclean of Italy (Spadini and Manganelli 2015); 13, "late Miocene"–"early Pleistocene" of Okinawa, Japan (Tomita and Yokoyama 2015).
Fig. 2 in The oldest fossil record of the megamouth shark from the late Eocene of Denmark, and comments on the enigmatic megachasmid origin
Fig. 2. Tooth of megamouth shark Megachasma alisonae sp. nov. (NHMUK PV P73711) from the Pyt Member (mid-Priabonian) of the upper Eocene Søvind Marl Formation of Moesgård Strand, Denmark. A. Photograph in labial (A 1), lingual (A 2), basal (A 3), distal (A 4), mesial (A5), and apical (A6) views. B. Line drawing showing crown (light gray) and root (dark gray) as well as missing portions (white). C. Scatter plots between CH/CW ratios and RL/RW ratios comparing NHMUK PV P73711 with extant M. pelagios (n = 23) and type series of M. applegatei from Aquitanian (early Miocene) of California, USA (n = 67) (after Shimada et al. 2014: fig. 6B). Abbreviations: CH, crown height; CW, crown width; RL, root length; RW, root width.
Fig. 4 in New Miocene sulid birds from Peru and considerations on their Neogene fossil record in the Eastern Pacific Ocean
Fig. 4. Sulid bird Ramphastosula aguirrei sp. nov. from Poza Negra, Sacaco Sur (Peru), Pisco Formation, Late Miocene. A Holotype MUSM 665. Skull in lateral (A1), posterior (A2), dorsal (A3), and ventral (A4) views. Left quadrate in (A5) anterior and (A6) posterior views. B. Section of rostrum at its midlength showing differences in the outline of Ramphastosula and other sulids. C–E. Comparison of the ear region in ventral view in the Peruvian booby Sula variegata DPV AM P8 (C) from Isla Lobos de Afuera, Lambayaque (Peru), Recent; R. ramirezi MUSM 264 (D) from Poza Roja, Sacaco Sur (Peru), Messinian (Late Miocene); and R. aguirrei MUSM 665 (E) from Poza Negra, Sacaco Sur (Peru), Messinian (Late Miocene).
Fig. 3 in New Miocene sulid birds from Peru and considerations on their Neogene fossil record in the Eastern Pacific Ocean
Fig. 3. Sulid bird Sula figueroae sp. nov. from Cerro Colorado locality, Peru, Pisco Formation, early Late Miocene. A. Holotype MUSM 2501. Skull in lateral (A1), posterior (A2), dorsal (A4), and ventral (A5) views. Isolated lacrimal in lateral view (A3). Left carpometacarpus in ventral view (A6). Synsacrum and pelvis in ventral (A7) and lateral (A8) views. B. Paratype MUSM 2502. Sternum in lateral (B1) and ventral (B2) views. Coracoid in (B3) dorsal view. Left scapula in (B4) lateral view. Right humerus in anterior (B5), lateral (B6), and posterior (B7) views. Proximal portion of ulna in ventral view (B8). Right femur in anterior view (B9). Right tibiotarsus in anterior view (B10). Right tarsometatarsus in anterior (B11) and plantar (B12) views.
Fig. 1 in New Miocene sulid birds from Peru and considerations on their Neogene fossil record in the Eastern Pacific Ocean
Fig. 1. Maps of the Ocucaje (A) and Sacaco (B, modified from Brand 2001) areas, southestern Peru, indicating the type localities of fossil sulids described in this paper.
Fig. 1 in The completeness of the fossil record of plesiosaurs, marine reptiles from the Mesozoic
Fig. 1. Two of the three different morphotypes used in Plesiosauria in this analysis, demonstrating the different regions used in skeletal completeness metrics. A. Cryptoclidus, a "plesiosauromorph". B. Liopleurodon, a "pliosauromorph". Skeletal regions: i, skull and mandible; ii, cervical vertebrae and ribs; iii, dorsal and sacral vertebrae and ribs; iv, pectoral girdle; v, fore limbs; vi, pelvic girdle; vii, hind limbs; viii, caudal vertebrae and ribs. Outlines modified from O'Keefe (2002). Not to scale.
Fig. 5 in The completeness of the fossil record of plesiosaurs, marine reptiles from the Mesozoic
Fig. 5. Box-and-whisker plots showing the distribution of CCM2 and SCM2 data for several major clades of Mesozoic tetrapods. A. Comparison of SCM2 and CCM2 data for plesiosaurs. B. Comparison of CCM2 data for plesiosaurs, sauropodomorphs (from Mannion and Upchurch 2010), birds (from Brocklehurst et al. 2012), and pterosaurs (from Dean et al. 2016). C. Comparison of SCM2 data for plesiosaurs, ichthyosaurs (from Cleary et al. 2015), and sauropodomorphs (from Mannion and Upchurch 2010). All silhouettes are from phylopic.org, and are credited to Adam Stuart Smith (Plesiosaurus), Scott Hartman (Brachiosaurus), T. Michael Keesey (Archaeopteryx), and Gareth Monger (Pterodactylus, Ichthyosaurus). Abbreviations: CCM, character completeness metric; SCM, skeletal completeness metric (for detailed explanation of terms see Completeness metrics in Methods section).
Fig. 6. Plesiosaur completeness and discovery through historical time. A in The completeness of the fossil record of plesiosaurs, marine reptiles from the Mesozoic
Fig. 6. Plesiosaur completeness and discovery through historical time. A. Plesiosaur CCM compared to the year in which the species was named. B. Plesiosaur SCM compared to the year in which the species was named. C. Collector's curve of the accumulation of valid plesiosaur species through time. Abbreviations: CCM, character completeness metric; SCM, skeletal completeness metric.
Fig. 4 in The completeness of the fossil record of plesiosaurs, marine reptiles from the Mesozoic
Fig. 4. Changes in skeletal completeness through time. A. Plesiosaur SCM2 and ichthyosaur SCM2. B. Plesiosaur CCM2 and pterosaur CCM2. C. Plesiosaur CCM2 and Mesozoic bird CCM2. Silhouettes are from phylopic.org, and are credited to Adam Stuart Smith (Plesiosaurus), T. Michael Keesey (Archaeopteryx), and Gareth Monger (Pterodactylus, Ichthyosaurus). Abbreviations: CCM, character completeness metric; SCM, skeletal completeness metric (for detailed explanation of terms see Completeness metrics in Methods section).
Fig. 3 in The completeness of the fossil record of plesiosaurs, marine reptiles from the Mesozoic
Fig. 3. Scatterplots comparing generalised differenced (GD) plesiosaur CCM2 and SCM2 to GD data for other time series. A. Plesiosaur CCM2 versus species richness. A weak but significant correlation between the two is driven largely by an influential data point, the Aalenian. B. Plesiosaur SCM2 versus fossiliferous marine formations (FMFs). A weak but significant correlation between the two is driven largely by an influential data point, the Aalenian. The scatterplot for CCM2 versus FMFs (not shown) shows a largely identical pattern. C. Plesiosaur SCM2 versus ichthyosaur SCM2. Silhouettes are from phylopic.org, and are credited to Adam Stuart Smith (Plesiosaurus) and Gareth Monger (Ichthyosaurus). Abbreviations: CCM, character completeness metric; FMF, fossiliferous marine formations; GD, generalised differenced; SCM, skeletal completeness metric (for detailed explanation of terms see Completeness metrics in Methods section).
Fig. 2 in The oldest record of Juniperoxylon, a cupressaceous fossil wood from the Middle Triassic of Argentina
Fig. 2. Cupressaceous wood Juniperoxylon zamunerae (Bodnar, Ruiz, Artabe, Morel, and Ganuza, 2015) comb. nov. (holotype PBSJ 828, A; PBSJ 829, B), Cortaderita Formation, Middle Triassic of Argentina. A1, growth rings (white arrowheads) and axial parenchyma (black arrowheads), TS; A2, torus (arrowheads), TS; A3, A4, uniseriate or rarely biseriate radial pitting on tracheid walls (arrowheads), RLS; A5, cupressoid cross-field pits (black arrowheads) and nodular end walls of ray parenchyma (white arrowheads), RLS; A6, A7, detail of cross-field pits, RLS; A8, general view of ray parenchyma cells walls distinctly pitted (arrowheads), RLS; A9, A10, different ray parenchyma cells (arrowheads), RLS; A11, occasional biseriation on part of a ray (white arrowhead) and axial parenchyma (black arrowhead), TLS; A12, radial pits with torus (arrowheads), TLS; A13, cross-field with cupressoid pits, RLS. B1, B2, ray parenchyma walls distinctly pitted (arrowheads), RLS.
Fig. 1. A in The oldest record of Juniperoxylon, a cupressaceous fossil wood from the Middle Triassic of Argentina
Fig. 1. A. Geographic location of study area at San Juan Province, Argentina. C. Geologic map showing the sampled locality (asterisk) at Cortaderita and La Tinta creeks, near Barreal town. Taken from Bodnar et al. (2018).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.