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opennotspecifiedJul 2020View details →

FIGURE 5 in A new species of freshwater mussel in the genus Popenaias Frierson, 1927, from the Gulf coastal rivers of central Mexico (Bivalvia: Unionida: Unionidae) with comments on the genus

FIGURE 5. Right valve external views of Popenaias berezai n. sp. (A–F). (A) Holotype (CNMO 8037, ex. INHS 90397.5), 73 mm length, from the Río Valles, Estación Micos, 20 km NW of Ciudad Valles, San Luis Potosí, Mexico; (B) Paratype (INHS 90397.1), 62 mm, from the locality same as A; (C) Paratype (INHS 90183.3), 59 mm, from the Río Tampaón (Río Pánuco) Álvaro Obregón (Pujal), at confluence of the ríos Valles and Tampaón; (D) Paratype (INHS 90183.1), 67 mm length, from the locality same as C; (E) Paratype (INHS 90175.3), 53 mm, from the Río Tancuilin, 0.5 km south of Jalpilla, San Luis Potosí, Mexico; (F) Paratype (INHS 90175.2), 50 mm, from the locality same as E. White bar denotes 1 cm scale.

opencc-zeroJan 2021View details →

Genetic diversity in the threatened freshwater mussel Lampsilis powellii

North America is home to the greatest share of the world's freshwater mussel diversity; however, over 70% of its ~300 species are endangered or threatened. Lampsilis powellii, the Arkansas Fatmucket, is endemic to Arkansas and now restricted to upstream reaches of the Ouachita and Saline rivers, but the species is declining within this small range. Conservation actions such as augmenting or reintroducing populations may be necessary, but they require knowledge of the distribution of genetic variation within and among extant populations. We analyzed population structure between the South Fork Ouachita River and Saline River using a 607 base pair region of the mitochondrial COI gene and 14 microsatellites designed for Lampsilis abrupta. COI sequences showed little variation and the most common haplotype was present in both rivers. Our mtDNA sequences were indistinguishable from those of L. siliquoidea deposited on GenBank, but we were unable to make conclusions about the taxonomic distinctiveness of L. powellii. Microsatellites showed heterozygote deficiency for most loci and revealed little evidence of population structure between the two rivers. Overall, our results show low genetic diversity in L. powellii, which may reflect its small population size due to its long history of geographic isolation compounded by anthropogenic habitat destruction and fragmentation. Further genetic analyses of lampsiline taxa is needed to establish species limits for Lampsilis in the Interior Highlands.

opencc-zeroDec 2012View details →

Data from: Phylogeographic and population genetic analyses reveal Pleistocene isolation followed by high gene flow in a wide- ranging, but endangered, freshwater mussel

Freshwater organisms of North America have had their contemporary genetic structure shaped by vicariant events, especially Pleistocene glaciations. Life history traits promoting dispersal and gene flow continue to shape population genetic structure. Cumberlandia monodonta, a widespread but imperiled (IUCN listed as endangered) freshwater mussel, was examined to determine genetic diversity and population genetic structure range-wide. MtDNA sequences and microsatellite loci were used to measure genetic diversity and simulate demographic events during the Pleistocene using approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) to test explicit hypotheses explaining the evolutionary history of current populations. A phylogeny and molecular clock suggested past isolation created two mtDNA lineages during the Pleistocene that are now widespread. Two distinct groups were also detected with microsatellites. ABC simulations indicated the presence of two glacial refugia and post-glacial admixture of them followed by simultaneous dispersal throughout the current range of the species. The Ouachita population is distinct from others and has the lowest genetic diversity, indicating that this is a peripheral population of the species. Gene flow within this species has maintained high levels of genetic diversity in northern populations, however, all population have experienced fragmentation. Extirpation from the center of its range likely has isolated remaining populations due to the geographic distances among them.

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

Data from: Past climate change drives current genetic structure of an endangered freshwater mussel species

Historical-to-recent climate change and anthropogenic disturbance affect species distributions and genetic structure. The Rio Grande watershed of the United States and Mexico encompasses ecosystems that are intensively exploited, resulting in substantial degradation of aquatic habitats. While significant anthropogenic disturbances in the Rio Grande are recent, inhospitable conditions for freshwater organisms likely existed prior to such disturbances. A combination of anthropogenic and past climate factors may contribute to current distributions of aquatic fauna in the Rio Grande basin. We used mitochondrial DNA and 18 microsatellite loci to infer evolutionary history and genetic structure of an endangered freshwater mussel, Popenaias popeii, throughout the Rio Grande drainage. We estimated spatial connectivity and gene flow across extant populations of P. popeii and used ecological niche models (ENMs) and approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) to infer its evolutionary history during the Pleistocene. structure results recovered regional and local population clusters in the Rio Grande. ENMs predicted drastic reductions in suitable habitat during the last glacial maximum. ABC analyses suggested that regional population structure likely arose in this species during the mid-to-late Pleistocene and was followed by a late Pleistocene population bottleneck in New Mexico populations. The local population structure arose relatively recently, perhaps due to anthropogenic factors. Popenaias popeii, one of the few freshwater mussel species native to the Rio Grande basin, is a case study for understanding how both geological and anthropogenic factors shape current population genetic structure. Conservation strategies for this species should account for the fragmented nature of contemporary populations.

opencc-zeroDec 2012View details →

Data from: Comparison of population genetic patterns in two widespread freshwater mussels with contrasting life histories in western North America

We investigate population genetic structuring in Margaritifera falcata, a freshwater mussel native to western North America, across the majority of its geographical range. We find shallow rangewide genetic structure, strong population-level structuring and very low population diversity in this species, using both mitochondrial sequence and nuclear microsatellite data. We contrast these patterns with previous findings in another freshwater mussel species group (Anodonta californiensis/A. nuttalliana) occupying the same continental region and many of the same watersheds. We conclude that differences are likely caused by contrasting life history attributes between genera, particularly host fish requirements and hermaphroditism. Further, we demonstrate the occurrence of a 'hotspot' for genetic diversity in both groups of mussels, occurring in the vicinity of the lower Columbia River drainage. We suggest that stream hierarchy may be responsible for this pattern and may produce similar patterns in other widespread freshwater species.

opencc-zeroDec 2010View details →

Data from: No evidence for host specialization or host-race formation in the European bitterling (Rhodeus amarus), a fish that parasitizes freshwater mussels

Coevolutionary relationships between parasites and hosts can elevate the rate of evolutionary changes due to reciprocal adaptations between coevolving partners. Such relationships can result in the evolution of host specificity. Recent methodological advances have permitted the recognition of cryptic lineages, with important consequences for our understanding of biological diversity. We used the European bitterling (Rhodeus amarus), a freshwater fish that parasitizes unionid mussels, to investigate host specialization across regions of recent and ancient sympatry between coevolving partners. We combined genetic data (12 microsatellite and 2 mitochondrial markers) from five populations with experimental data for possible mechanisms of host species recognition (imprinting and conditioning). We found no strong evidence for the existence of cryptic lineages in R. amarus, though a small proportion of variation among individuals in an area of recent bitterling-mussel association was statistically significant in explaining host specificity. No other measures supported the existence of host-specific lineages. Behavioural data revealed a weak effect of conditioning that biased behavioural preferences toward specific host species. Host imprinting had no effect on oviposition behaviour. Overall, we established that populations of R. amarus show limited potential for specialization, manifested as weak effects of host conditioning and genetic within-population structure. Rhodeus amarus is the only species of mussel-parasitizing fish in Europe, which contrasts with the species-rich communities of bitterling in eastern Asia where several host-specific bitterling occur. We discuss costs and constraints on the evolution of host-specific lineages in our study system and more generally.

FIGURE 7 in Taxonomic reassessment of the freshwater mussel genus Unio (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in Russia and Ukraine based on morphological and molecular data

FIGURE 7. Disposition of species samplings into hypothetic genera and subgenera in the space of the first two roots of the discriminant analysis, including parameters B/H and H/L. A, species of Unio s. str.; B, species of U. (Tumidiana); C, species of Crassiana (fide Bogatov & Kijashko, 2016); D, disposition of samplings of the polymorphic species belonging to Unio in the space of the first two roots of the discriminant analysis.

FIGURE 5 in Taxonomic reassessment of the freshwater mussel genus Unio (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in Russia and Ukraine based on morphological and molecular data

FIGURE 5. Anatomical features of mussels with right valve removed: A, U. pictorum (INREC-UP603); B, U. tumidus (INREC-UT700); C, U. crassus (INREC-UC516). D–G, close up of apertures in life mussel: D, General sagittal view (INREC- UP617); E, U. pictorum (INREC-UP618); F, U. tumidus (above INREC-UT3; below INREC-UT4); G, U. crassus (above ZSU- UC1; below ZSU-UC32). Abbreviations: aam, anterior adductor muscle; exa, excurrent aperture; f, foot; ia, incurrent aperture; ig, inner gill; lp, labial palps; m, mantle; og, outer gill; pam, posterior adductor muscle; p ia, papillae in incurrent aperture; pg exa, pigmentation of excurrent aperture; sa, supra-anal aperture. Scale bar 1 cm.

FIGURE 6 in Taxonomic reassessment of the freshwater mussel genus Unio (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in Russia and Ukraine based on morphological and molecular data

FIGURE 6. Variation of morphometric indexes in relation shell length for samples from Ukraine (U), European Russia (ER) and Transbaikalia (T). A, Unio (Unio) s. str.; B, U. (Tumidiana); C, Crassiana. Names of genera and subgenera according to Bogatov & Kijashko (2016) (see Table 1).

FIGURE 8 in Taxonomic reassessment of the freshwater mussel genus Unio (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in Russia and Ukraine based on morphological and molecular data

FIGURE 8. Left: phylogenetic tree for Unio species obtained by Bayesian Inference analysis of the COI fragment. Support values above and below the branch lengths represent BI posterior probability and ML bootstrap support, respectively. Russian and Ukrainian specimens are marked with an asterisk '*'. Right: COI haplotype networks showing the relationships within each Unio clade. Circle size is proportional to the observed haplotype frequencies, black dots represent unobserved haplotypes.

FIGURE 4 in Taxonomic reassessment of the freshwater mussel genus Unio (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in Russia and Ukraine based on morphological and molecular data

FIGURE 4. Overview of pseudocardinal and lateral teeth: A, Unio pictorum (above INREC-UP2; below ZSU-U2); B, U. tumidus (above INREC-UT6; below INREC-UT8); C, U. crassus (above ZISP-UC199; below ZSU-U11). Features of pseudocardinal teeth morphology of left valve: d–g, U. pictorum (INREC: UP1, UP3, UP15, UP311); h–o, U. tumidus (INREC: UT3, UT4, UT11, UT19, UT172, UT296, UT297, UT698); p–s, U. crassus (INREC: UC1a, UC131, UC516). Generic names according to Zhadin's system. Scale bar 1 cm.

FIGURE 1 in Taxonomic reassessment of the freshwater mussel genus Unio (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in Russia and Ukraine based on morphological and molecular data

FIGURE 1. Regions of study and localities of collection of Unio species. A, overview map of Eurasia. B, the Ukraine. C, European Russia. Symbols: U = Ukraine, ER = European Russia, T = Transbaikalian refuge.

opencc-zeroFeb 2024View details →

Obovaria olivaria maf filtered vcf file from: RAD-tag and mitochondrial DNA sequencing reveal the genetic structure of a widespread and regionally imperiled freshwater mussel, Obovaria olivaria (Bivalvia: Unionidae)

Obovaria olivaria is a species of freshwater mussel native to the Mississippi River and Laurentian Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River drainages of North America. This mussel has experienced population declines across large parts of its distribution and is imperiled in many jurisdictions. Obovaria olivaria uses the similarly imperiled Acipenser fulvescens (Lake Sturgeon) as a host for its glochidia. We employed mitochondrial DNA sequencing and Restriction-site Associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) to assess patterns of genetic diversity and population structure of O. olivaria from 19 collection locations including the St. Lawrence River drainage, the Great Lakes drainage, the Upper Mississippi River drainage, the Ohioan River drainage and the Mississippi Embayment. Heterozygosity was highest in Upper Mississippi and Great Lakes populations, followed by a reduction in diversity and relative effective population size in the St. Lawrence populations. Pairwise FST ranged from 0.00 to 0.20, and analyses of genetic structure revealed two major ancestral populations, one including all St. Lawrence River/Ottawa River sites and the other including remaining sites; however, significant admixture and isolation by river distance across the range were evident. The genetic diversity and structure of O. olivaria is consistent with the existing literature on Acipenser fulvescens and suggest that, although northern and southern O. olivaria populations are genetically distinct, genetic structure in O. olivaria is largely clinal rather than discrete across its range. Conservation and restoration efforts of O. olivaria should prioritize the maintenance and restoration of locations where O. olivaria remain, especially in northern rivers, and to ensure connectivity that will facilitate dispersal of Acipenser fulvescens and movement of encysted glochidia.

Figure 4 in Mitogenomic phylogeny and fossil-calibrated mutation rates for all F- and M-type mtDNA genes of the largest freshwater mussel family, the Unionidae (Bivalvia)

Figure 4. Phylogenetic tree of the Unionidae+Margaritiferidae estimated from 28 concatenated individual mtDNA gene sequences, i.e. 14 from female-type (12 protein-coding and 2 rRNA genes) and 14 (12 protein-coding and 2 rRNA genes) from male-type mitochondria. Values for branch support above each node represent Bayesian posterior probabilities percentage/ maximum likelihood bootstrap.

Figure 3 in Mitogenomic phylogeny and fossil-calibrated mutation rates for all F- and M-type mtDNA genes of the largest freshwater mussel family, the Unionidae (Bivalvia)

Figure 3. Phylogenetic tree of the Unionidae+Margaritiferidae estimated from 14 concatenated individual mtDNA gene sequences (12 protein-coding and 2 rRNA genes). Values for branch support above each node represent Bayesian posterior probabilities percentage/maximum likelihood bootstrap support. *Supported values ≥ 95 are represented by an asterisk.

Figure 1 in Mitogenomic phylogeny and fossil-calibrated mutation rates for all F- and M-type mtDNA genes of the largest freshwater mussel family, the Unionidae (Bivalvia)

Figure 1. Recent multi-locus phylogenetic hypotheses on Gonideinae sensu Pfeiffer et al. (2019). Vertical bars indicate subfamilies recognized in respective publications. Note that Froufe et al. (2020) adopted a new systematic framework with three instead of two family-group levels, and thus, traditional tribes (ending -ini) are considered subtribes (ending -ina) in that study.

Figure 6 in Mitogenomic phylogeny and fossil-calibrated mutation rates for all F- and M-type mtDNA genes of the largest freshwater mussel family, the Unionidae (Bivalvia)

Figure 6. Relationship between (A) mean Ka/Ks and substitution rate (μ) per female-type (full circles) and male-type (empty circles) mtDNA protein-coding gene; and (B) differences between male- and female-type K a /K s and μ per proteincoding mtDNA gene.

Figure 2 in Mitogenomic phylogeny and fossil-calibrated mutation rates for all F- and M-type mtDNA genes of the largest freshwater mussel family, the Unionidae (Bivalvia)

Figure 2. Gene maps of the F- and M-type mitochondrial genomes of Lens contradens, Physunio superbus, Hyriopsis bialata and Rectidens sumatrensis. Genes positioned inside the circle are encoded on the heavy strand, and genes outside the circle are encoded on the light strand. Colour codes: small and large ribosomal RNAs (red); transfer RNAs (purple); M-orf, F-specific open reading frame (yellow); M-orf, M-specific open reading frame (yellow); protein-coding genes (green).

Figure 5 in Mitogenomic phylogeny and fossil-calibrated mutation rates for all F- and M-type mtDNA genes of the largest freshwater mussel family, the Unionidae (Bivalvia)

Figure 5. Fossil-calibrated ultrametric chronogram of the Unionidae calculated under a lognormal relaxed clock model and a Yule process speciation implemented in BEAST v.1.10.1 and obtained for the complete F-type mitogenome data set. The newly sequenced tribe-level taxa are coloured red. An outgroup sample (Margaritiferidae) has been removed for better visualization (but see original BEAST tree in Supporting Information, Fig. S1A). Bars indicate 95% confidence intervals of the estimated divergence times between lineages (Mya). Black numbers near nodes are mean ages (Mya). Colour labels indicate the F-mtDNA gene order (UF1, UF2, and UF3). Stratigraphic chart according to the International Commission on Stratigraphy v.2018/08 (www.stratigraphy.org). Abbreviations: J, Jurassic; K, Cretaceous; N, Neogene; Pg, Palaeogene; Q, Quaternary.