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562 results for “genetic divergences”
standard with together) corner left bottom (analysis genetic the in included species among bold gene in shown oxidase-I are SE cytochrome and species the within at) % (divergence divergence sequence average The . pairwise) corner showing right upper (Matrix) %;. SE 4 ABLE (T error in Description of a new species of the Rhinolophus trifoliatus-group (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) from Southeast Asia
standard with together) corner left bottom (analysis genetic the in included species among bold gene in shown oxidase-I are SE cytochrome and species the within at) % (divergence divergence sequence average The . pairwise) corner showing right upper (Matrix) %;. SE 4 ABLE (T error
Data from: Ecological speciation in sympatric palms: 3. genetic map reveals genomic islands underlying species divergence in Howea
Although it is now widely accepted that speciation can occur in the face of continuous gene flow, with little or no spatial separation, the mechanisms and genomic architectures that permit such divergence are still debated. Here, we examined speciation in the face of gene flow in the Howea palms of Lord Howe Island, Australia. We built a genetic map using a novel method applicable to long-lived tree species, combining it with double digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing of multiple individuals. Based upon various metrics, we detected 46 highly differentiated regions throughout the genome, some of which contained genes with functions that are particularly relevant to the speciation scenario for Howea, specifically salt and drought tolerance.
Data from: "A cleaner break": genetic divergence between geographic groups and sympatric phenotypes revealed in ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta)
<p>Capture and long-distance translocation of cleaner fish to control lice infestations on marine salmonid farms has the potential to influence wild populations via overexploitation in source regions, and introgression in recipient regions. Knowledge of population genetic structure is therefore required. We studied the genetics of ballan wrasse, a phenotypically diverse and extensively used cleaner fish, from 18 locations in Norway and Sweden, and from Galicia, Spain. We detected two very distinct genetic groups in Scandinavia, northwest and southeast. These groups were split by a stretch of sandy beaches in southwest Norway, representing a habitat discontinuity for this rocky shore associated benthic egg laying species. The Galician sample was highly differentiated from all Scandinavian samples, but overall closer to northwestern samples. . Distinct genetic differences were observed between sympatric spotty and plain phenotypes in Galicia, but not in Scandinavia. The mechanisms underlying the geographical patterns between phenotypes are discussed, but not identified. We conclude that extensive aquaculture-mediated translocation of ballan wrasse from Sweden and southern Norway, to western and middle Norway, has the potential to mix genetically distinct populations. These results question the sustainability of the current cleaner fish practice.</p>
Phylogeography and population genetics of pine butterflies: sky islands increase genetic divergence
<p>The sky islands of southeastern Arizona (AZ) mark a major transition zone between tropical and temperate biota and are considered a neglected biodiversity hotspot. Dispersal ability and host plant specificity are thought to impact the history and diversity of insect populations across the sky islands. We aimed to investigate the population structure and phylogeography of two pine-feeding pierid butterflies, the pine white (<i>Neophasia menapia</i>) and the Mexican pine white (<i>N. terlooii</i>), restricted to these "islands" at this transition zone. Given their dependence on pines as the larval hosts, we hypothesized that habitat connectivity affects population structure and is at least in part responsible for their allopatry. We sampled DNA from freshly collected butterflies from 17 sites in the sky islands and adjacent high-elevation habitats and sequenced these samples using ddRADSeq. Up to 15,399 SNPs were discovered and analyzed in population genetic and phylogenetic contexts with Stacks and pyRAD pipelines. Low genetic differentiation in <i>N. menapia</i> suggests that it is panmictic. Conversely, there is strong evidence for population structure within <i>N. terlooii</i>. Each sky island likely contains a population of <i>N. terlooii</i>, and clustering is hierarchical, with populations on proximal mountains being more related to each other. The <i>N. menapia</i> habitat, which is largely contiguous, facilitates panmixia, while the <i>N. terlooii</i> habitat, restricted to the higher elevations on each sky island, creates distinct population structure. Phylogenetic results corroborate those from population genetic analyses. The historical climate-driven fluxes in forest habitat connectivity have implications for understanding the biodiversity of fragmented habitats.</p>
FIGURE 23 in Disentangling vines: a study of morphological crypsis and genetic divergence in vine snakes (Squamata: Colubridae: Ahaetulla) with the description of five new species from Peninsular India
FIGURE 23. Habitat of Ahaetulla travancorica sp. nov. in the upper reaches of Podhigai hills, a part of the Agasthyamalai Ranges, Southern Western Ghats (in Tirunelveli district, Tamil Nadu State, India) showing montane shola grasslands.
FIGURE 22 in Disentangling vines: a study of morphological crypsis and genetic divergence in vine snakes (Squamata: Colubridae: Ahaetulla) with the description of five new species from Peninsular India
FIGURE 22. Images of Ahaetulla travancorica sp. nov. Images of BNHS 3592 (CESS075). (a) Head lateral, (b) Head dorsal, (c) Ventral section, (d) Whole specimen Live uncollected individual from Kalakkadu Mundunthurai, (e) Head Dorso-lateral, (f) Head lateral, (g) Threat display (Photos: Vivek Philip Cyrac) (Images a & b to scale, other images not to scale).
FIGURE 25 in Disentangling vines: a study of morphological crypsis and genetic divergence in vine snakes (Squamata: Colubridae: Ahaetulla) with the description of five new species from Peninsular India
FIGURE 25. Habitat of Ahaetulla perroteti, Mukurthi Hills, in the upper Nilgiris (in the Nilgiri district, Tamil Nadu State, India) showing montane shola grasslands.
FIGURE 19 in Disentangling vines: a study of morphological crypsis and genetic divergence in vine snakes (Squamata: Colubridae: Ahaetulla) with the description of five new species from Peninsular India
FIGURE 19. Images of Ahaetulla borealis sp. nov. Images of holotype BNHS 3590 (CESS421). (a) Head lateral, (b) Head dorsal, (c) Ventral section, (d–e) Everted hemipenis, (f) Whole specimen. Live uncollected individual from Siddapur (Jog Falls), (g) Threat display of CESS104 from Matheran and (h) Head lateral of CESS103 from Matheran (Images a & b; d & e to scale, other images not to scale).
FIGURE 21 in Disentangling vines: a study of morphological crypsis and genetic divergence in vine snakes (Squamata: Colubridae: Ahaetulla) with the description of five new species from Peninsular India
FIGURE 21. Images of Ahaetulla dispar. Live uncollected individual from High Wavy Mts.(a) Head lateral, (b) Head Dorsolateral, (c) Full body image (live) from High Wavy, (d) Threat display of CESS188 from Anamudi Hills, (e) Habitat of A. dispar, Eravikulam.
FIGURE 20 in Disentangling vines: a study of morphological crypsis and genetic divergence in vine snakes (Squamata: Colubridae: Ahaetulla) with the description of five new species from Peninsular India
FIGURE 20. Habitat of Ahaetulla borealis sp. nov. Khandala, Northern Western Ghats (in Pune district, Maharashtra State, India) showing moist deciduous and semi-evergreen forest vegetation type.
FIGURE 18 in Disentangling vines: a study of morphological crypsis and genetic divergence in vine snakes (Squamata: Colubridae: Ahaetulla) with the description of five new species from Peninsular India
FIGURE 18. Habitat of Ahaetulla farnsworthi sp. nov. in Agumbe, Central Western Ghats (in Shimoga district, Karnataka State, India) showing tropical rainforest vegetation type.
FIGURE 15 in Disentangling vines: a study of morphological crypsis and genetic divergence in vine snakes (Squamata: Colubridae: Ahaetulla) with the description of five new species from Peninsular India
FIGURE 15. Images of Ahaetulla malabarica sp. nov. Images of Holotype BNHS 3586 (CESS090). (a) Head lateral, (b) Head dorsal, (c) Ventral section, (d–f) Everted Hemipenis. Whole specimen (CESS090). Head lateral images of different colour morphs (live), (g) CESS090 from Brahmagiri, (h) CESS144 from Siruvani, (i) CESS143 from Poochipara, (j) CESS090 from Brahmagiri. Image of a live, uncollected individual, (k) Whole animal from Brahmagiri Hills (Images a & b; d & e to scale, other images not to scale).
FIGURE 17 in Disentangling vines: a study of morphological crypsis and genetic divergence in vine snakes (Squamata: Colubridae: Ahaetulla) with the description of five new species from Peninsular India
FIGURE 17. Images of Ahaetulla farnsworthi sp. nov.. Images of Holotype BNHS 3588 (CESS288). (a) Head lateral, (b) Head dorsal, (c) Ventral section, (d–f) Dissected hemipenis, (g) Whole specimen. Head lateral images of different individuals (live), (h) CESS158 from Kudremukh, (i) CESS157 from Kudremukh, (j) Body section showing interscalar colouration (CESS158), (k) Image of a live, uncollected individual from Agumbe (Photo: Shreeram M.V.) (Images a & b; d, e & f to scale, other images not to scale).
FIGURE 6 in Disentangling vines: a study of morphological crypsis and genetic divergence in vine snakes (Squamata: Colubridae: Ahaetulla) with the description of five new species from Peninsular India
FIGURE 6. Ahaetulla lineages in Peninsular India and Sri Lanka showing side-by-side comparison of their superficial head morphology and maxillary dentition. (From the top) (a) Ahaetulla farnsworthi sp. nov. (b) A. isabellina comb. nov. (c) A. malabarica sp. nov. (d) A. borealis sp. nov. (e) A. nasuta (f) A. oxyrhyncha comb. nov. (g) A. sahyadrensis nom. nov. (h) A. travancorica sp. nov. (i) A. dispar & A. travancorica sp. nov. (j) A. perroteti (1) Ahaetulla farnsworthi sp. nov. (2) A. isabellina comb. nov. (3) A. malabarica sp. nov. (4) A. borealis sp. nov. (5) A. nasuta (6) A. oxyrhyncha comb. nov. (7) A. pulverulenta (8) A. sahyadrensis nom. nov. (9) A. dispar (10) A. travancorica sp. nov. (11) A. perroteti.
FIGURE 14 in Disentangling vines: a study of morphological crypsis and genetic divergence in vine snakes (Squamata: Colubridae: Ahaetulla) with the description of five new species from Peninsular India
FIGURE 14. Habitat of Ahaetulla isabellina comb. nov., near Valparai, Anamalai Hills, Southern Western Ghats (Tirupur district, Tamil Nadu State, India) showing evergreen and semi-evergreen forest vegetation types.
FIGURE 10 in Disentangling vines: a study of morphological crypsis and genetic divergence in vine snakes (Squamata: Colubridae: Ahaetulla) with the description of five new species from Peninsular India
FIGURE 10. Images of Ahaetulla oxyrhyncha comb. nov. Head lateral images of (a) CESS211, (b) CESS244, (d) CESS506, & (c) dorso-lateral of a live specimen (from the CESS244 population). Images of a live, uncollected individual from Coimbatore. Tamil Nadu (e) showing threat display, (f) Full animal, (g) Habitat (images not to scale).
FIGURE 3 in Disentangling vines: a study of morphological crypsis and genetic divergence in vine snakes (Squamata: Colubridae: Ahaetulla) with the description of five new species from Peninsular India
FIGURE 3. PCA plot shows quantitative morphological space shared by Western Ghats Ahaetulla spp.. In the figure, members of the Ahaetulla nasuta species complex with lineages L3—A. borealis sp. nov. (dark blue crosses), L4—A. farnsworthi sp. nov. (green filled squares), L5—A. isabellina comb. nov. (brown cross) and L6—A. malabarica sp. nov. (black squares) from the Western Ghats are clustered together and share morphological space. The PCA plots correspond to the scores and loadings presented in Appendix IV (D, E & F).
FIGURE 5 in Disentangling vines: a study of morphological crypsis and genetic divergence in vine snakes (Squamata: Colubridae: Ahaetulla) with the description of five new species from Peninsular India
FIGURE 5. Phylogenetic reconstruction of Ahaetulla species revealing the cladistic relationships and lineage diversity. Gray bar depicts species-level entities, some of which are numbered and depicted adjacent to their cluster.
FIGURE 4 in Disentangling vines: a study of morphological crypsis and genetic divergence in vine snakes (Squamata: Colubridae: Ahaetulla) with the description of five new species from Peninsular India
FIGURE 4. Maps showing the distribution of lineages in the Western Ghats (in Peninsular India) and Sri Lanka. (A) Map showing our study's point locations of Ahaetulla farnsworthi sp. nov., A. isabellina comb. nov., A. malabarica sp. nov., A. borealis sp. nov., A. nasuta & A. oxyrhyncha comb. nov.. (B) Map showing our study's point locations of Ahaetulla perroteti, A. dispar & A. travancorica sp. nov..
FIGURE 13 in Disentangling vines: a study of morphological crypsis and genetic divergence in vine snakes (Squamata: Colubridae: Ahaetulla) with the description of five new species from Peninsular India
FIGURE 13. Images of Ahaetulla isabellina comb. nov. Images of holotype BNHS 3584 (CESS183). (a) Head lateral, (b) Head Dorsal, (c) Ventral section, (d–f) Dissected hemipenis, (g) Whole specimen. Images of live individuals, (h) BNHS 3584 (CESS183) head lateral, (i) head lateral of CESS182, (j) body section of CESS182. Image of a live, uncollected individual from Valparai, (k) showing threat display (Images a & b; d, e & f to scale, other images not to scale).
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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OpenNeuro
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