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394 results for “hazard”
Numerical investigation for hazardous gas cloud form and dissipation behavior of hydrogen blended natural gas in a confined space
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A global map of species at risk of extinction due to natural hazards
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Global coastal wind hazard maps from the CHAZ tropical cyclone model
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Exposure, hazard and vulnerability all contribute to Schistosoma haematobium re-infection in northern Senegal
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Resource selection by New York City deer reveals the effective interface between wildlife, zoonotic hazards, and humans
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Livestock and kangaroo grazing have little effect on biomass and fuel hazard in semi-arid woodlands
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100-Year Flood Hazard Map with Municipal Boundaries Overlay
<p>100-Year Flood Hazard Map with Municipal Boundaries Overlay</p>
FIGURE 4. Pages 86 and 87 in The hazards of Nomenclatural Archaeology? The Diptera names of Theodorus van Swinderen in his 1822 Index Rerum Naturalium quae conservantur in Museo Academico Groningano
FIGURE 4. Pages 86 and 87 from Swinderen's Index Rerum Animalium (1822) listing the Diptera in the museum. Source: Biodiversity Heritage Library.
FIGURE 3. Pages 84 and 85 in The hazards of Nomenclatural Archaeology? The Diptera names of Theodorus van Swinderen in his 1822 Index Rerum Naturalium quae conservantur in Museo Academico Groningano
FIGURE 3. Pages 84 and 85 from Swinderen's Index Rerum Animalium (1822) listing the Diptera in the museum. Source: Biodiversity Heritage Library.
FIGURE 1–2. 1 in The hazards of Nomenclatural Archaeology? The Diptera names of Theodorus van Swinderen in his 1822 Index Rerum Naturalium quae conservantur in Museo Academico Groningano
FIGURE 1–2. 1. Portrait of Theodorus van Swinderen in 1843 (at 59 years of age). Source: Wikimedia. 2. Title page of Swinderen's Index Rerum Animalium (1822). Source: Biodiversity Heritage Library.
Data from: Geologic and geomorphic controls on rockfall hazard: how well do past rockfalls predict future distributions?
To evaluate the geospatial hazard relationships between recent (contemporary) rockfalls and their prehistoric predecessors, we compare the locations, physical characteristics, and lithologies of rockfall boulders deposited during the 2010-2011 Canterbury earthquake sequence (CES) (n=185) with those deposited prior to the CES (n=1093). Population ratios of pre-CES to CES boulders at two study sites vary spatially from ~5:1 to 8.5:1. This is interpreted to reflect (i) variations in CES rockfall flux due to intra- and inter-event spatial differences in ground motions (e.g. directionality) and associated variations in source cliff responses, (ii) possible variations in the triggering mechanism(s), frequency, flux, record duration, boulder size distributions, and post-depositional mobilization of pre-CES rockfalls relative to CES rockfalls, and (iii) geological variations in the source cliffs of CES and pre-CES rockfalls. On interfluves, CES boulders traveled approximately 100 to 250 m further downslope than prehistoric (pre-CES) boulders, interpreted to reflect reduced resistance to CES rockfall transport due to preceding anthropogenic hillslope de-vegetation. Volcanic breccia boulders are more dimensionally equant, rounded, larger, and traveled further downslope than coherent lava boulders, illustrating clear geological control on rockfall hazard. In valley bottoms, the furthest-traveled pre-CES boulders are situated further downslope than CES boulders due to (i) remobilization of pre-CES boulders by post-depositional processes such as debris flows, and (ii) reduction of CES boulder velocities and travel distances by collisional impacts with pre-CES boulders. A considered earth-systems approach is required when using preserved distributions of rockfall deposits to predict the severity and extents of future rockfall events.
Data from: Quantification of avian hazards to military aircraft and implications for wildlife management
Collisions between birds and military aircraft are common and can have catastrophic effects. Knowledge of relative wildlife hazards to aircraft (the likelihood of aircraft damage when a species is struck) is needed before estimating wildlife strike risk (combined frequency and severity component) at military airfields. Despite annual reviews of wildlife strike trends with civil aviation since the 1990s, little is known about wildlife strike trends for military aircraft. We hypothesized that species relative hazard scores would correlate positively with aircraft type and avian body mass. Only strike records identified to species that occurred within the U.S. (n = 36,979) and involved United States Navy or United States Air Force aircraft were used to calculate relative hazard scores. The most hazardous species to military aircraft was the snow goose (Anser caerulescens), followed by the common loon (Gavia immer), and a tie between Canada goose (Branta canadensis) and black vulture (Coragyps atratus). We found an association between avian body mass and relative hazard score (r2 = 0.76) for all military airframes. In general, relative hazard scores per species were higher for military than civil airframes. An important consideration is that hazard scores can vary depending on aircraft type. We found that avian body mass affected the probability of damage differentially per airframe. In the development of an airfield wildlife management plan, and absent estimates of species strike risk, airport wildlife biologists should prioritize management of species with high relative hazard scores.
Data from: Post‐independence mortality of juveniles is driven by anthropogenic hazards for two passerines in an urban landscape
Urban environments impose novel selection pressures with varying impacts across species and life history stages. The post‐fledging stage for migratory passerines, defined as the period of time from when hatch‐year birds fledge until their first migration, is a poorly understood component of annual productivity that potentially limits population growth. We studied two migratory passerines with positive and negative population responses to urbanization, respectively: Gray Catbird (Dumetella carolinensis) and Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina). Our goals were to estimate post‐fledging survival rates for urban bird populations and determine which features of the urban landscape impact mortality risk during the post‐fledging stage. From 2012–2014, we tracked 127 fledglings (60 Gray Catbirds and 67 Wood Thrushes). Over 55 days after fledging, cumulative survival of Gray Catbirds (0.32 [95% CI: 0.22–0.47]) was approximately half that of Wood Thrushes (0.63 [95% CI: 0.52–0.75]). Thus, survival rates during the post‐fledging stage, taken in isolation, do not explain differential trajectories of Gray Catbird and Wood Thrush populations in urban environments. Most mortality (86%) for both species was due to predation. However, after reaching independence from parental care, 6 birds (9.4% of mortalities) died of anthropogenic causes (e.g. building, car strikes). Crossing roads significantly increased mortality risk, but increasing daily movement distance decreased mortality risk. Our results raise the question of whether anthropogenic sources of mortality are compensatory or additive to natural mortality; we emphasize the need to monitor fledgling survival beyond the parental‐dependence stage in order to fully understand the impacts of anthropogenic hazards on juvenile birds.
Supplementary data and code for "A network toxicology approach for mechanistic modelling of nanomaterial hazard and adverse outcomes"
<p>This repository contains the relevant data and code supporting the study "A network toxicology approach for mechanistic modelling of nanomaterial hazard and adverse outcomes". Files are password protected during the revision process. A completely public version of the repository will be availble after the revision process is completed. </p> <p>In detail, the uploaded archive folder contains the following data sources:</p> <ul> <li>the relevant code and supporting data (code_to_upload and supporting_data);</li> <li>supplementary materials of the paper, including: <ul> <li>individual enrichment results of the 93 exposures to the 31 ENMs (enrichments_results);</li> <li>comparison between the mechanism of action retrieved from differentially expressed genes and network modelling (network_comparison_results);</li> <li>overrepresented network edges in categories of networks (overrepresented_structures)</li> </ul> </li> </ul>
Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk
<p>This repository was set up accompanying the paper 'Proposal of A Flood Damage Road Detection Method Based on Deep Learning and Elevation Data' in the Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk.</p>
Tropical Cyclone Wind Hazard Estimation for the Western North Pacific Basin
<p>Ten-thousand-year worth of synthetic tropical cyclones (TCs) over the western North Pacific (WNP) basin, and the TC wind hazard estimations in terms of return periods for the offshore waters in the WNP basin and 10 coastal cities in China. The dataset was produced in <em>RDS</em> format using the R software. This dataset is used for peer review of the paper submitted to <em>Earth and Space Science</em>. This study was supported, in part, by the National Key R&D Program of China under grant 2022YFC3004200, the Open Grants of the Joint Open Lab on Meteorological Risk and Insurance under grant 2023F002, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant 41875057.</p>
Multivariate Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression-based Seismic Hazard Model Data
<p>This dataset includes earthquake parameters, slab geometry, gravity anomalies, and fault proximities used for seismic hazard modeling in the Makran Subduction Zone (MSZ). Supplementary Table S1 contains earthquake data (location, depth, magnitude), slab properties (depth, dip, thickness, strike), and distances to key faults. Supplementary Table S2 provides intraslab seismicity, slab geometry, trench distances, and gravity data. The data are sourced from the USGS Earthquake Catalog, IRIS, Slab-2 model, GMRT, and other geophysical models.</p>
Data files for: Hazardous loss of genetic diversity through selective sweeps in asexual populations
<p>With the two-fold cost of sex, derived asexual organisms have an immediate reproductive advantage over their sexual sisters. Yet the "twiggy'' phylogenetic distribution of asexual lineages implies that they go extinct relatively quickly over evolutionary time. Meanwhile, bacteria and archaea have persisted for billions of years without requiring sexual reproduction. A simple explanation for this difference is that prokaryotes have very large population sizes that are not subject to the accumulation of deleterious mutations, but this implies that drift and mutational meltdown dominate derived asexual populations. </p> <p>We explored a different hazard, quantifying the degree to which genetic variation is lost in asexual populations experiencing selective sweeps. Even though large populations generate diversity by mutation during sweeps, we find that populations that are safe from mutational meltdown may still be reduced to dangerous effective population sizes by sweeps. Thus, ironically, adaptation itself reduces further adaptive potential and may predispose asexual populations to extinction. Our data give results for the probability of mutational meltdown across various population sizes, the critical population size required to avoid meltdown, and the effect of selective sweeps on heterozygosity. Analytical predictions are confirmed by simulation.</p> <p>We also derive a simple approximation for the effective population size after a hard sweep, and quantify the impact of recent sweeps on evolutionary rescue. These factors may help to explain the phylogenetic twigginess of asexuals, the maintenance of sex and recombination, and the evolutionary persistence of prokaryotes.</p>
Aqueduct Floods Hazard Maps extract for Tanzania
<p>This contains an extract from the <a href="https://www.wri.org/resources/data-sets/aqueduct-floods-hazard-maps">WRI Aqueduct global open flood dataset</a>,<br> Version 2 (updated October 20, 2020), showing flood depth in metres for<br> coastal and river flooding under both current baseline conditions and future<br> projections in 2030, 2050, and 2080.</p> <p>The data has been clipped to a bounding box around Tanzania (29.321032<br> -11.731272 40.449392 -0.98583).</p> <p>Please see the <a href="https://www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology">Technical Note</a> for further details of the full dataset and<br> methodology used to create it.</p> <p>License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Full license<br> text available at <a href="http://www.wri.org/publications/permissions-licensing">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0</a></p> <p> </p>
Interactive Elicitation of Resilience Scenarios based on Hazard Analysis Techniques: Supplementary Material
<p>Supplementary material for:</p> <p>Sebastian Frank, Alireza Hakamian, Lion Wagner, Dominik Kesim, Christoph Zorn, Jóakim von Kistowski, and André van Hoorn: <em>Interactive Elicitation of Resilience Scenarios based on Hazard Analysis Techniques. Springer, 2022.</em></p> <p>This artifact includes the details of the scenarios and the chatbot-based elicitation tool and study described in the paper.</p> <p>Additional software artifacts are provided in a separate Code Ocean capsule: <a href="https://doi.org/10.24433/CO.0520280.v1">https://doi.org/10.24433/CO.0520280.v1</a></p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.