Find research datasets worth reusing

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2020View details →

Fig. 3 in Helminth communities from amphibians inhabiting agroecosystems in the Pampean Region (Argentina)

Fig. 3. Similarity matrix and dendrogram.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2018View details →

Fig. 1 in A comparison of helminth infections as assessed through coprological analysis and adult worm burdens in a wild host

Fig. 1. The frequency distribution of adult hookworm (U. criniformis) in Irish badgers (n = 289).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2018View details →

Fig. 1 in Helminth parasites of alien freshwater fishes in Patagonia (Argentina)

Fig. 1. Map of Argentinean Patagonia; the sampling localities of present study are shown.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2012View details →

Figure 5. C in Helminth fauna of Neurergus strauchii (Steindacher, 1888) (spotted newt) collected from Bingöl, Turkey

Figure 5. C. commutata female anterior (10×).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2012View details →

Figure 2. A in Helminth fauna of Neurergus strauchii (Steindacher, 1888) (spotted newt) collected from Bingöl, Turkey

Figure 2. A. acuminata female posterior (10×).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2020View details →

Figure 3 in Detection of helminth parasites in commercialized turtles: threats to native Testudines in northeast India

Figure 3. Dichelyne species: (A) Esophagus, lateral view, and (B) Tail, lateral view.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2014View details →

Figure. Location of Beymelek Lagoon in southern Turkey. in Prevalence and intensity of parasitic helminths of thicklip grey mullet Chelon labrosus in hosts in Beymelek Lagoon Lake in Antalya, Turkey, according to season, host size, age, and sex of the host

Figure. Location of Beymelek Lagoon in southern Turkey.

Fig. 1 in Helminth biocoenosis of Lepus europaeus meridiei (Hilzheimer, 1906) from Pianosa island, Italy

Fig. 1. Larvae and larvated eggs of Protostrongylus oryctolagi in lung fluid.

Fig. 2 in Helminth biocoenosis of Lepus europaeus meridiei (Hilzheimer, 1906) from Pianosa island, Italy

Fig. 2. Protostrongylus oryctolagi: tail of adult male.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2022View details →

Fig. 2 in Study of the helminth fauna in eagle owl (Bubo bubo) in the south of Spain

Fig. 2. Prevalence of identified species.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2022View details →

Fig. 1 in Study of the helminth fauna in eagle owl (Bubo bubo) in the south of Spain

Fig. 1. Distribution of hosts according to number of parasitising species.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2024View details →

Fig. 1 in Helminth infection in wild boars in Primorye, Russia

Fig. 1. Map of research area.

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

Gastrointestinal helminths increase Bordetella bronchiseptica shedding and host variation in supershedding

Co-infected hosts, individuals that carry more than one infectious agent at any one time, have been suggested to facilitate pathogen transmission, including the emergence of supershedding events. However, how the host immune response mediates the interactions between co-infecting pathogens and how these affect the dynamics of shedding remains largely unclear. We used laboratory experiments and a modeling approach to examine temporal changes in the shedding of the respiratory bacterium Bordetella bronchiseptica in rabbits with one or two gastrointestinal helminth species. Experimental data showed that rabbits co-infected with one or both helminths shed significantly more B. bronchiseptica, by direct contact with an agar petri dish than rabbits with bacteria alone. Co-infected hosts generated supershedding events of higher intensity and more frequently than hosts with no helminths. To explain this variation in shedding an infection-immune model was developed and fitted to rabbits of each group. Simulations suggested that differences in the magnitude and duration of shedding could be explained by the effect of the two helminths on the relative contribution of neutrophils and specific IgA and IgG to B. bronchiseptica neutralization in the respiratory tract. However, the interactions between infection and immune response at the scale of analysis that we used could not capture the rapid variation in the intensity of shedding of every rabbit. We suggest that fast and local changes at the level of respiratory tissue probably played a more important role. This study indicates that co-infected hosts are an important source of variation in shedding, and provides a quantitative explanation of the role of helminths in the dynamics of respiratory bacterial infections.

opencc-zeroNov 2022View details →

Helminth-associated changes in host immune phenotype connect top-down and bottom-up interactions during co-infection

Within-host parasite interactions can be mediated by the host and changes in host phenotypes often serve as indicators of the presence or intensity of parasite interactions. Parasites like helminths induce a range of physiological, morphological, and immunological changes in hosts that can drive bottom-up (resource-mediated) or top-down (immune-mediated) interactions with co-infecting parasites. Although top-down and bottom-up interactions are typically studied in isolation, the diverse phenotypic changes induced by parasite infection may serve as a useful tool for understanding if, and when, these processes act in concert. Using an anthelmintic treatment study of African buffalo (Syncerus caffer), we tracked changes in host immunological and morphological phenotypes during helminth-coccidia co-infection to investigate their role in driving independent and combinatorial bottom-up and top-down parasite interactions. We also examined repercussions for host fitness. Clearance of a blood-sucking helminth, Haemonchus, from the host gastrointestinal tract induced a systemic Th2 immune phenotype, while clearance of a tissue-feeding helminth, Cooperia, induced a systemic Th1 phenotype. Furthermore, the Haemonchus-associated systemic Th2 immune phenotype drove simultaneous top-down and bottom-up effects that increased coccidia shedding by changing the immunological and morphological landscapes of the intestine. Higher coccidia shedding was associated with lower host body condition, a lower chance of pregnancy, and older age at first pregnancy, suggesting that coccidia infection imposed significant condition and reproductive costs on the host. Our findings suggest that top-down and bottom-up interactions may commonly co-occur and that tracking key host phenotypes that change in response to infection can help uncover complex pathways by which parasites interact.

Supplementary materials. Publication "Three-way relationships between gut microbiota, helminth assemblages and bacterial infections in wild rodent populations" by Bouilloud et al.

Supplementary information Supplementary Figure S1. Maps showing the sampling area (left) and localities (right) in France. Forests are indicated in green and water in blue. The four sampling localities are represented with a colored polygon. The arrow indicates the North.   Supplementary Figure S2. Composition of the gut bacteriota. The relative abundance of six phyla representing 99% of the total composition is represented. Individuals are grouped by sampling localities, which are ordered from North to South. (A) Bar graph shows individual variation in phyla composition (phylum=color). (B) Box and whisker plots represent median and interquartile values for each phylum. Black dots correspond to mean values, and colored dots correspond to individuals.   Supplementary Figure S3. Variations of alpha diversity with individual factors, for the gut bacteriota (family level), pathogenic bacteria and gastro-intestinal helminths of bank voles. Alpha diversity is estimated using the specific richness (A, B and C) and the Shannon index (D, E and F). In graphs C and F, the blue line corresponds to the linear regression line.   Supplementary Figure S4. Relationships between the composition of the gut bacteriota, pathogenic bacteria and gastro-intestinal helminth communities: The db-RDA triplot shows the structure of the gut bacteriota at the phylum level and the correlations with the intra-host parasite communities. The arrows correspond to the significant explanatory variables. Each point corresponds to an individual, and the colors correspond to the different sampling localities.   Supplementary Table S1. Variation of the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio with localities and individual factors.   Supplementary Table S2. Alpha diversity metrics and statistics for the gut bacteriota, pathogenic bacteria and helminth communities of bank voles.   Supplementary Table S3. Beta diversity metrics and statistics for the gut bacteriota, pathogenic bacteria and helminth communities of bank voles

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

African buffalo helminth β-diversity

Concepts of β-diversity originally developed for use in free-living communities have been widely applied to parasite communities to gain insight into how infection risk changes with local conditions by comparing parasite communities across abiotic and biotic gradients. Factors shaping β-diversity in communities of immature parasites, such as larvae, are largely unknown. This is a key knowledge gap as larvae are frequently the infective life stage and understanding variation in these larval communities is thus key for disease prevention. Our goal was to uncover links between β-diversity of parasite communities at different life stages; therefore, we used gastrointestinal nematodes infecting African buffalo in Kruger National Park, South Africa to investigate within-host and extra-host drivers of adult and larval parasite community similarity.

opencc-zeroMar 2023View details →

Data from: Infection by a helminth parasite is associated with changes in DNA methylation in the house sparrow

Parasites can exert strong selective pressures on their hosts and influence the evolution of host immunity. While several studies have examined the genetic basis for parasite resistance, the role of epigenetics in the immune response to parasites is less understood. Yet, epigenetic modifications, such as changes in DNA methylation, may allow species to respond rapidly to parasite prevalence or virulence. To test the role of DNA methylation in relation to parasite infection we examined genome-wide DNA methylation before and during infection by a parasitic nematode, Syngamus trachea, in a natural population of house sparrows (Passer domesticus) using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS). We found that DNA methylation levels were slightly lower in infected house sparrows, and identified candidate genes relating to the initial immune response, activation of innate and adaptive immunity, and mucus membrane functional integrity that were differentially methylated between infected and control birds. Subsequently, we used methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting (MS-HRM) analyses to verify the relationship between methylation proportion and Syngamus trachea infection status at two candidate genes in a larger sample dataset. We found that methylation level at NR1D1, but not CLDN22, remained related to infection status, and that juvenile recruitment probability was positively related to methylation level at NR1D1. This underscores the importance of performing follow up studies on candidate genes. Our findings demonstrate that plasticity in the immune response to parasites can be epigenetically mediated, and highlight the potential for epigenetic studies in natural populations to provide further mechanistic insight into host-parasite interactions.

Fig. 10 in Review Of The Helminths Of Carnivora (Mammalia) In Ukraine: Composition And Structure Of Helminth Fauna

Fig. 10. Cluster analysis of the helminth fauna similarity among six carnivoran species.

Fig. 1 in Review Of The Helminths Of Carnivora (Mammalia) In Ukraine: Composition And Structure Of Helminth Fauna

Fig. 1. Prevalence (%) of main groups of helminths in three species of wild Canidae in Ukraine.

Fig. 2 in Review Of The Helminths Of Carnivora (Mammalia) In Ukraine: Composition And Structure Of Helminth Fauna

Fig. 2. Number of helminth species found in three species of wild Canidae in Ukraine.