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573 results for “immune function”
Data from: Population-specific covariation between immune function and color of nesting male threespine stickleback
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Data from: No down-regulation of immune function during breeding in two year-round breeding bird species in an equatorial East African environment
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Data from: Context-dependent effects of yolk androgens on nestling growth and immune function in a multibrooded passerine
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Data from: Defence versus defence: are crucian carp trading off immune function against predator-induced morphology?
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Data from: Seasonal differences in baseline innate immune function are better explained by environment than annual cycle stage in a year-round breeding tropical songbird
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Data from: Lactation and resource limitation affect stress responses, thyroid hormones, immune function and antioxidant capacity of sea otters (Enhydra lutris)
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Nucleotide diversity of functionally different groups of immune response genes in Old World camels based on newly annotated and reference-guided assemblies
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DNA scaffolds enable efficient and tunable functionalization of biomaterials for immune cell modulation
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Data from: Larval UV exposure impairs adult immune function through a trade-off with larval investment in cuticular melanin
Despite the strong impact of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on invertebrates, it is unknown whether it affects immune function across metamorphosis. More generally, the mechanisms on how larval stressors bridge metamorphosis and shape adult fitness in animals with a complex life cycle remain poorly understood. We studied whether cuticular melanin content is upregulated under UV exposure in the larval stage of the damselfly Coenagrion puella and whether this is traded off across metamorphosis against a key component of the invertebrate immune response, the melanotic encapsulation response, in the adult stage. Larvae exposed to UV increased the melanin content in their exoskeleton and metamorphosed later and at a smaller mass than animals reared without UV. Across metamorphosis, this was associated with a reduced melanotic encapsulation response, thereby constituting the first proof for a UV driven impaired immune response in an invertebrate. The demonstrated costs of UV exposure in terms of age and mass at metamorphosis and reduced adult immune response likely translate into reduced adult fitness. Path analysis indicated that the immunosuppressive property of larval UV exposure was not mediated by age and mass at metamorphosis, but instead that the adult immune response was traded off against larval cuticular melanin investment. Melanin-based trade-off across metamorphosis provide a new pathway by which effects of larval stressors are carried over to the adult stage and thereby advances our understanding of the still largely enigmatic mechanisms of carryover effects of larval stressors across metamorphosis. Given the mechanistic base, this carryover effect of larval UV exposure on adult immune function is expected to be general and may constitute a widespread and important cost of UV exposure in invertebrates.
Data from: Effects of inbreeding and temperature stress on life history and immune function in a butterfly
Theory predicts that inbreeding depression should be more pronounced under environmental stress due to an increase in the expression of recessive deleterious alleles. If so, inbred populations may be especially vulnerable to environmental change. Against this background we here investigate effects of inbreeding, temperature stress and its interactions with inbreeding in the tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana. We use a full-factorial design with three levels of inbreeding (F = 0 / 0.25 / 0.38) and three temperature treatments (2 h exposure to 1, 27 or 39°C). Despite using relatively low levels of inbreeding significant inbreeding depression was found in pupal mass, pupal time, thorax mass, abdomen fat content, egg hatching success, and fecundity. However, stress resistance traits (heat tolerance, immune function) were not affected by inbreeding and interactions with temperature treatments were virtually absent. We thus found no support for an increased sensitivity of inbred individuals to environmental stress, and suspect that such patterns are restricted to harsher conditions. Our temperature treatments evidently imposed stress, significantly reducing longevity, fecundity, egg hatching success, and haemocyte numbers, while fat content, protein content, and lysozyme activity remained unaffected. Males and females differed in all traits measured except pupal time and phenoloxidase activity. Correlation analyses revealed, amongst others, a trade-off between phenoloxidase and lysozyme activity, and negative correlations between fat content and several other traits. We stress that more data are needed on the effects of inbreeding, temperature variation, and sexual differences on insect immune function before more general conclusions can be drawn.
Data from: Maternal immunization increases nestling energy expenditure, immune function, and fledging success in a passerine bird
Female birds transfer maternally-derived antibodies (matAb) to their nestlings, via the egg yolk. These antibodies are thought to provide passive protection, and allow nestlings to avoid the costs associated with mounting an innate immune response. To test whether there is an energetic benefit to nestlings of receiving matAb, we challenged adult female tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) prior to clutch initiation with either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or saline (Control). Following hatching, one half of each females nestlings were immunized on day 8 post-hatch with LPS or saline, and for 4-hrs post immunization nestling metabolic rate (MR) was measured. There was no difference in either LPS-reactive antibodies or total Ig levels between offspring of immunized and non-immunized mothers on day 6 or 14 post-hatch, possibly reflecting a relatively short half-life of matAbs in altricial birds. Additionally, we found no evidence that nestlings from LPS-immunized mothers could avoid the growth-suppression that may result from activation of an inflammatory response. Unexpectedly, we found that control-nestlings from LPS-mothers had higher resting MR than control-nestlings of control-mothers. We attribute the increased MR to the costs associated with a general nonspecific enhancement of immune function in nestlings from LPS-immunized mothers. Consistent with enhanced immune function, nestlings of immunized mothers had a more robust inflammatory response to phytohaemagglutinin, and higher fledging success. Our results suggest maternal antigen exposure pre-laying can result in increased fitness for both mothers and offspring, depending on food availability.
Data from: Independent and interactive effects of immune activation and larval diet on adult immune function, growth and development in the greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella)
Organisms in the wild are likely to face multiple immune challenges as well as additional ecological stressors, yet their interactive effects on immune function are poorly understood. Insects are found to respond to cues of increased infection risk by enhancing their immune capacity. However, such adaptive plasticity in immune function may be limited by physiological and environmental constraints. Here, we investigated the effects of two environmental stressors – poor larval diet and an artificial parasite-like immune challenge at the pupal stage – on adult immune function, growth and development in the greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella). Males whose immune system was activated with an artificial parasite-like immune challenge had weaker immune response – measured as strength of encapsulation response – as adults compared to the control groups, but only when raised in highnutrition larval diet. Immune activation did not negatively affect adult immune response in males reared in low-nutrition larval diet, indicating that poor larval diet improved the capacity of the insects to respond to repeated immune challenges. Low-nutrition larval diet also had a positive independent effect on immune capacity in females, yet it negatively affected development time and adult body mass in both sexes. As in the nature immune challenges are rarely isolated, and adverse nutritional environment may indicate an elevated risk of infection, resilience to repeated immune challenges as a response to poor nutritional environment could provide a significant fitness advantage. This study highlights the importance of considering environmental context when investigating the effects of immune activation in insects.
Data from: Dietary protein and carbohydrates affect immune function and performance in a specialist herbivore insect (Manduca sexta)
Nutrition structures ecology and evolution across all scales of biological organization. It is well known that nutrition can have direct effects on performance and fitness, but indirect effects on physiological systems that mediate biotic interactions have been studied less frequently. Here, we focus on the interaction between nutrition, performance, and the immune system in a specialist herbivorous insect, Manduca sexta. We used a conceptual framework in nutritional ecology (the geometric framework) to examine how changes in diet quality affect aspects of the immune system used for defense against parasitoids. We raised caterpillars throughout their entire larval development on five different experimental diets that varied in protein and carbohydrate content and measured five aspects of the immune system: encapsulation, phenoloxidase activity, prophenoloxidase activity, total hemolymph protein, and hemocyte density. Overall, different parts of the immune function varied in response to interactions between carbohydrates, protein, and intake, but protein reductions had the largest impacts—mostly detrimental. In addition, our data suggest that diet quality mediates the relationship between performance (growth and survival) and immune function, as well as trade-offs among different components of immune function. Our work is the first to examine the interplay between nutrition, performance, and immune function with the geometric framework in a specialist insect herbivore.
Berberine protects against sepsis-related acute lung injury in rats via the upregulation of the PPAR - Υ signaling pathway, with amelioration at the cellular level - A functional, immune-histological and biochemical study
<p>Aim: To assess the therapeutic effects of berberine in experimentally induced lung sepsis. Examining its effects on selected cytokines, gene and protein expression and the histopathological findings.</p> <p>Results: Berberine significantly reduced the wet/dry lung ratio, the BALF protein, cell, and neutrophils percentage & the BALF cytokines levels. In addition, pretreatment with berberine decreases the myeloperoxidase and MDA levels and decreases gene expression of NFKB, MCP -1 and the ICAM - 1 by RT - PCR analysis. Thus, suggesting an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mode of the action. Western blot analysis revealed increased PPAR – Υ expression in the berberine pretreated group compared to the CLP group. Histopathological examination revealed improved histopathological parameters, in the berberine pretreated group, compared to the CLP group.</p> <p>Conclusion: Berberine improves the outcome in sepsis via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, modulation of cytokine levels, upregulation of PPAR - Υ protein expression, and histopathological amelioration.</p>
Relating wing morphology and immune function to patterns of partial and differential bat migration using stable isotopes
<p>Migration is energetically expensive and is predicted to drive similar morphological adaptations and physiological trade-offs in migratory bats and birds. Previous studies suggest that fixed traits like wing morphology vary among species and individuals according to selective pressures on flight, while immune defenses can vary flexibly within individuals as energy is variably reallocated throughout the year.</p> <p>We assessed intraspecific variation in wing morphology and immune function in silver-haired bats (<em>Lasionycteris noctivagans)</em>, a species that follows both partial and differential migration patterns. We hypothesized that if bats experience energy constraints associated with migration, then wing morphology and immune function should vary based on migratory tendency (sedentary or migratory) and migration distance. We predicted that long-distance migrants would have reduced immune function and more migration-adapted wing shapes compared to resident or short-distance migrating bats.</p> <p>We estimated breeding latitude of spring migrants using stable hydrogen isotope techniques. Our sample consisted primarily of male bats, which we categorized as residents, long-distance northern migrants, short-distance northern migrants, and southern migrants (apparent breeding location south of capture site). Controlling for individual condition and capture date, we related wing characteristics and immune indices among groups.</p> <p>Some, but not all, aspects of wing form and immune function varied between migrants and residents. Long-distance northern migrants had larger wings than short-distance northern migrants and lower wing loading than southern migrants. Compared with resident bats, short-distance northern migrants had reduced IgG while southern migrants had heightened neutrophils and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios. Body fat, aspect ratio, wing tip shape, and bacteria killing ability did not vary with migration status or distance.</p> <p>In general, male silver-haired bats do not appear to mediate migration costs by substantially downregulating immune defenses or to be under stronger selection for wing forms adapted for fast, energy-efficient flight. Such phenotypic changes may be more adaptive for female silver-haired bats, which migrate farther and are more constrained by time in spring than males. Adaptations for aerial hawking and the use of heterothermy by migrating bats may also reduce the energetic cost of migration and the need for more substantial morphological and physiological trade-offs.</p>
Altered Frequencies and Functions of Innate Lymphoid Cells in Melanoma Patients Are Modulated by Immune Checkpoints Inhibitors
<p>Raw data related to limphocytes subpopulation.</p> <p>This work was supported by Italian Association for Cancer Research (IG15521 and IG20312); Wenner-Gren Foundation, Sweden; Fondazione Melanoma Onlus, Naples; Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca (MIUR) PRIN 2017 2017M8YMR8_002; Fondazione NIBIT, Siena, Italy (grants to EC) and Italian Ministry of Health (IT-MOH) through “Ricerca Corrente”, grants number M2-2 (grants to PAA). CMC was supported by EFIS-IL Short Term Fellowship and EACR Travel Fellowship.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
The effects of host plant species and larval density on immune function in the polyphagous moth Spodoptera littoralis
<p>Immune functions are costly and immune investment is usually dependent on the individual's condition and resource availability. For phytophagous insects, host plant quality has large effects on performance, e.g. growth and survival, and may also affect their immune function. Polyphagous insects often experience a large variation in quality among different host plant species, and their immune investment may thus vary depending on which host plant species they develop on. Larvae of the polyphagous moth <i>Spodoptera littoralis</i>have previously been found to exhibit density-dependent prophylaxis as they invest more in certain immune responses in high population densities. In addition, the immune response of <i>S. littoralis </i>has been shown to depend on nutrient quality in experiments with artificial diet. Here, I studied the effects of natural host plant diet and larval density on a number of immune responses to understand if host plant species affects immune investment in generalist insects, and if the density-dependent prophylaxis could be mediated by host plant species. While host plant species in general did not mediate the density-dependent immune expression, particular host plant species was found to increase larval investment in certain functions of the immune system. Interestingly, these results indicate that different host plants may provide a polyphagous species with protection against different kinds of antagonisms. This insight may contribute to our understanding of the relationship between preference and performance in generalists, as well as having applied consequences for sustainable pest management.</p>
Cuproptosis-related genes in colorectal cancer: prognostic significance, immune function, methylation, and regulation
<p>Despite recent advances in therapeutic options, colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to be a lethal disease with a poor prognosis. A recently identified mode of cell death, cuproptosis is yet to be understood in the context of CRC. Herein, we identified a cuproptosis-related three-gene signature that correlates with CRC survival in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort. With this signature, a nomogram was constructed with new prognostic values, and CDKN2A was identified as an independent risk factor for CRC. Furthermore, CDKN2A expression was significantly correlated with both immune cell infiltration and the immune response. A pan-cancer analysis also revealed the prognostic value and immunological correlations of CDKN2A in other tumor types. Additionally, downregulation of CDKN2A was associated with methylation of m6A. Last but not least, we constructed a ceRNA network to discover the lncRNA KCNQ1OT1/miR-125b-5p/CDKN2A regulatory pathway in CRC. In this study, we provided insights into the role of cuproptosis in CRC and identified CDKN2A as an important cuproptosis-related gene. These results need to be verified by further research.</p>
Dataset related to the poster entitled "Vitamin D3 deficiency disturbed immune response and respiratory function in the murine model of hypersensitivity pneumonitis"
<p><strong>The dataset contains the results presented on a poster presented at the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Hybrid Congress, 31 May – 3 June 2024, Valencia, Spain<br><br></strong></p> <p><em>Project title</em><strong>:</strong> "Assessment of the possibility of using vitamin D3 in the prevention and treatment of pulmonary fibrosis in the course of hypersensitivity pneumonitis - <em>in vivo</em> studies"</p> <p><em>Founder</em><strong>: </strong>National Scientific Center, Poland</p> <p><em>Project number</em><strong>:</strong> UMO-2020/38/E/NZ7/00366</p> <p><em>Principal Investigator</em>: Marta Kinga Lemieszek</p> <p><em>Main investigators:</em><strong> </strong>Michał Chojnacki, Ilona Leśniowska, Jakub Anisiewicz</p> <p><em>Place of project implementation</em><strong>:</strong> Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland</p>
The Role of Lipids in Immune Cell Function in SLE Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04361734. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.