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342 results for “ingestion”
Data from: Can body mass and skull morphology predict seed and fruit ingestion potential for mammal species? A test using extant species and its application to extinct species
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Data from: Morphological convergence in a Mexican garter snake associated with the ingestion of a novel prey
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Data from: The role of volatile plant secondary metabolites as pre-ingestive cues and potential toxins dictating diet selection by African elephants
Understanding the factors driving diet selection represents one of the main thrusts of contemporary foraging ecology. Many studies have focussed on nutritional factors and anti-nutritional factors (such as tannins) that may describe diet selection of generalist mammalian herbivores, but these often do not explain the observed feeding patterns. Alternatively, generalist herbivores may be influenced by the presence, diversity, and/or concentration of toxins. Plant volatiles have been understudied, yet may play an important role in this context. We aimed to determine whether diet selection by African elephants is better correlated with the presence and concentration of toxic plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) than with nutritional or anti-nutritional factors. We also aimed to identify the specific aspects of the plant-odour profiles that were correlated with dietary selection, which could be used as a pre-ingestive cue for food selection. We found that elephant diet selection was not well described by crude protein, in vitro digestibility, tannin concentration, and total polyphenol concentration. Instead, the best predictors of elephant diet choice were the number and absolute (total) emissions of potentially toxic volatile PSMs, specifically monoterpenes. Elephants avoided plant species that emitted a wider diversity of volatile PSMs, had higher total emissions, and higher numbers and emissions of monoterpenes. This suggests that PSMs with a high propensity to become toxins, such as monoterpenes, are likely a better indicator for elephant diet avoidance than nutritional or anti-nutritional factors. Moreover, we demonstrated that elephants can differentiate between food items based on odour alone, specifically volatile monoterpenes, suggesting that these animals are relying on specific volatile cues emitted from plants to direct their foraging choices prior to ingesting selected plants.
Data from: Fruit consumption in migratory passerines is limited by water ingestion rather than by body water balance
Many insectivorous passerines become frugivorous during migration. Because water may facilitate the digestion of dry fruits, some passerines may benefit from staging in stopover sites that offer access to drinking water. In autumn, water consumption by Blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla) staging in Israel was found to induce a shift from insectivory to frugivory. We tested two alternative hypotheses concerning the mechanism facilitating consumption of the relatively dry fruits which are common in this region: (1) Water intake facilitates the passage of fruits within the digestive tract when these two resources are simultaneously ingested, and (2) improved body water balance allows the consumption and ingestion of large amounts of dry fruits. Blackcaps were subjected to five treatments that included temporal separation of water and fruit consumption, as well as subcutaneous water injection to maintain balanced body water in water-deprived birds. Fruit consumption rate was measured daily. We found that only simultaneous provisioning of water and fruit significantly increased fruit consumption rate, implying that drinking water directly improves fruit digestion within the digestive system. Furthermore, the fuel deposition rate increased with increased fruit consumption rate. These results emphasize the importance of water availability for the ecology and conservation of migrating passerines.
First-in-human trial of an ingestible vitals-monitoring pill
<p>Study data and code as published in DEVICE, November 17, 2023</p>
Micropalstic ingestion by small species causes large detrimental effects on marine food web dynamics
<p>Model parameter and program for the article.</p>
Does group living protect offspring from the toxic effects of cadmium ingestion in earwigs?
<p>Dataset and R script used in the study "Does group living protect offspring from the toxic effects of cadmium ingestion in earwigs?"</p>
Data from: Innate ability of goats to sense and avoid ingestion of noxious insects while feeding
Large mammalian herbivores regularly encounter noxious insects on their food plants. Recent evidence revealed that goats efficiently avoid insect ingestion while feeding, yet it is unknown whether this ability is innate. We experimentally examined the behavioural responses of naïve goat kids to a common insect, the spring-webworm (Ocnogyna loewii). We filmed and analysed the kids' behaviour while feeding and compared it to the behaviour described in adults. Naïve kids sorted the webworms apart from the food without ingesting them (all webworms survived). They exhibited behaviours similar to those displayed by adults, demonstrating an innate ability to avoid insect ingestion. The kids detected webworms using tactile stimulation, obtained by repeatedly touching the leaves with their muzzles. This enabled them to pick webworm-free leaves (leaving 93% of webworms behind). While adults frequently shook or discarded leaves with webworms or spat out webworms, these behaviours were rare in kids. The kids' mean feeding rates doubled over the trials, indicating that their feeding efficiency on plants with and without insects improved with experience. Since ingesting noxious insects could be fatal, innate avoidance is critical. These findings highlight the importance of direct interactions between mammalian and insect herbivores.
Figure 1 in Microplastics and phagotrophic soil protists: evidence of ingestion
Figure 1. Ciliated protist observed under phase contrast (A) and fluorescence (B) microscopy using 50x amplification on a Leica DM5500B microscope. These images are still frames captured from a video supplied as supplementary material. The arrows indicate the food vacuoles containing fluorescent microplastic spheres 1–5 µm in diameter, and the scale bar is an estimated 50 µm.
Figure 2 in Microplastics and phagotrophic soil protists: evidence of ingestion
Figure 2. Abundance of protists observed in: (A) Trial 1 with three microplastic addition treatments (i.e., 0, 1 and 10 mg g-1) up to 14 days after the onset of the trial, and; (B) Trial 2 with two microplastic addition treatments (i.e., 0, and 3 mg g-1) up to 21 days after the onset of the trial. Each time point per treatment represents the mean of protists (n = 10). Error bars represent the standard error of the mean.
Figure 5 in Indiscriminate ingestion of entomopathogenic nematodes and their symbiotic bacteria by Aedes aegypti larvae: a novel strategy to control the vector of Chikungunya, dengue and yellow fever
Figure 5. Aedes aegypti larval mortality when exposed to 1000 infective juveniles (IJs) of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora in different volumes of water.
Figure1 in Indiscriminate ingestion of entomopathogenic nematodes and their symbiotic bacteria by Aedes aegypti larvae: a novel strategy to control the vector of Chikungunya, dengue and yellow fever
Figure1. Susceptibility of Aedes aegypti larvae to different species of EPNs. Five 3rd instar larvae exposed to 500 infective juveniles (IJs) and mortality assessed daily at 1-day, 2- and 3-days post-inoculation (DPI).
Data from: Effect of H. pylori infection on cytokine profiles and oxidative balance in subjects with chronic alcohol ingestion
Different amounts of ingested alcohol can have distinct effects on the human body. However, there is limited research on chronic alcohol consumption with Helicobacter pylori infection. We sought to investigate the relationship between the cytokine profile, oxidative balance and H. pylori infection in subjects with chronic alcohol consumption. A total of 142 subjects were divided into three groups: 59 subjects with chronic alcohol ingestion and H. pylori infection (group A); 53 subjects with chronic alcohol ingestion without H. pylori infection (group B); and 30 control subjects (group C). The serum levels of CagA, interleukin (IL)-10, E-selectin, TNF-α, malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found that the ages and serum H. pylori CagA levels among the three groups, as well as both the mean drinking age and the mean daily alcohol consumption between groups A and B, were matched and comparable. Comparing the BMIs among the three groups, the BMI differences were found to be statistically significant (F=3.921, P<0.05). Compared with group C, the BMIs in groups A and B were significantly higher (P<0.001 and P<0.01, respectively); however, the BMI differences between group A and group B were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Additionally, no differences in the serum CagA levels were found in comparisons among the groups (all P>0.05). The serum IL-10 and E-selectin levels in group A were significantly lower than those in group B (serum IL-10: P<0.05; E-selectin: P<0.05). The serum IL-10 in group A was significantly higher than that in group C (P<0.01); the serum E-selectin levels in group A did not significantly differ compared with those in group C (P>0.05). Furthermore, the serum IL-10 and E-selectin levels in group B were significantly higher than those in group C (serum IL-10: P<0.001; E-selectin: P<0.05); however, the serum TNF-α levels did not differ among groups (all P>0.05). Although the serum levels of MDA and SOD in groups A and B were slightly lower than those in group C, there were no significant differences among groups (all P>0.05). In conclusion, we believe that H. pylori infection might cause a significant inhibition of certain cytokine profiles in subjects with chronic alcohol ingestion. Moreover, chronically ingested alcohol may exert an adjusted inflammatory effect, but there was no association between H. pylori infection, chronic alcohol consumption and oxidative balance.
Single-cell Immune Response to Controlled Gluten Ingestion in Pediatric Celiac Disease
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07362654. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Prevention of Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease by Ingested Interferon Alpha
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00031018. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Metabolic Signatures of Dairy Products Ingestion in Humans: Effect of Age
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03500003. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Pre-exercise Ingestion of a Low Glycaemic Index Rice-based Mixed Meal Increases Fat Oxidation and Endurance Running in a Hot-humid Environment
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06544252. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Vinegar Co-ingestion in Type 2 Diabetes
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01279317. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Serum Insulin Response After Acute and Chronic Sucralose Ingestion in Healthy Volunteers With Variable Body Mass Index
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03703141. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 0. Publications: 27.
Ingestion Effect of Formula Milk With Triple Bifidobacteria Strains on Fecal Quality and Metabolites in Healthy Children
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06044376. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.