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FIGURES 55–58. Stigmella pruinosa Puplesis & Robinson. 55 in Four new leaf-mining Acalyptris species from Guatemala and Belize, with new data on bionomics of Stigmella pruinosa (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae)

FIGURES 55–58. Stigmella pruinosa Puplesis & Robinson. 55, male genitalia, capsule, genitalia slide no. RA494. Scale 100 µm; 56, same, aedeagus. Scale 100 µm; 57, general view with aedeagus inside capsule, genitalia slide no. RA493. Scale 100 µm; 58, female genitalia, genitalia slide no. RA477. Scale 250 µm.

FIGURES 42–47 in Four new leaf-mining Acalyptris species from Guatemala and Belize, with new data on bionomics of Stigmella pruinosa (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae)

FIGURES 42–47. Acalyptris statuarius Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., male genitalia. 42, capsule, holotype, genitalia slide no. AD520. Scale 100 µm; 43, valva, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD519. Scale 100 µm; 44, aedeagus, holotype, genitalia slide no. AD520. Scale 100 µm; 45, general view of genitalia with aedeagus inside capsule, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD519. Scale 125 µm; 46, juxta, ventral view, holotype, genitalia slide no. AD520. Scale 50 µm; 47, same, dorsal view. Scale 75 µm.

FIGURES 48–54. Stigmella pruinosa Puplesis & Robinson. 48 in Four new leaf-mining Acalyptris species from Guatemala and Belize, with new data on bionomics of Stigmella pruinosa (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae)

FIGURES 48–54. Stigmella pruinosa Puplesis & Robinson. 48, currently known distribution; 49, habitat, lowland secondary evergreen broadleaf tropical forest near El Remate, Petén Region; 50, 51, host-plant (Guazuma ulmifolia Lam., Malvaceae); 52, leaf-mine; 53, cocoon. Scale 1 mm. 54, female adult, Petén Dept., Guatemala. Scale 1 mm.

FIGURES 35–41 in Four new leaf-mining Acalyptris species from Guatemala and Belize, with new data on bionomics of Stigmella pruinosa (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae)

FIGURES 35–41. Acalyptris statuarius Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 35, currently known distribution; 36, habitat; 37, host-plant; 38, cocoon. Scale 1 mm. 39, 40, male adult, holotype. Scale 1 mm; 41, leaf-mine.

FIGURES 29–34 in Four new leaf-mining Acalyptris species from Guatemala and Belize, with new data on bionomics of Stigmella pruinosa (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae)

FIGURES 29–34. Acalyptris caribbicus Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 29, male genitalia, capsule, holotype, genitalia slide no. AD500. Scale 100 µm; 30, same, uncus. Scale 50 µm;. 31, same, gnathos. Scale 50 m; 32, same, aedeagus. Scale 75 µm; 33, same, valva. Scale 75 µm; 34, female genitalia, paratype. Scale 200 µm.

FIGURES 21–28 in Four new leaf-mining Acalyptris species from Guatemala and Belize, with new data on bionomics of Stigmella pruinosa (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae)

FIGURES 21–28. Acalyptris caribbicus Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 21, currently known distribution; 22, type locality; 23, cocoons. Scale 2 mm. 24, male adult, holotype. Scale 1 mm; 25–27, leaf-mines; 28, host-plant (unidentified).

FIGURES 15–20 in Four new leaf-mining Acalyptris species from Guatemala and Belize, with new data on bionomics of Stigmella pruinosa (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae)

FIGURES 15–20. Acalyptris peteni Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., male genitalia. 15, capsule, holotype, genitalia slide no. AD510. Scale 100 µm; 16, 17, aedeagus, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD511. Scale 100 µm;. 18, pseuduncus, uncus and lateral apodemes, holotype, genitalia slide no. AD510. Scale 75 µm; 19, valva, holotype, genitalia slide no. AD510. Scale 75 µm; 20, juxta, holotype, genitalia slide no. AD510. Scale 75 µm.

FIGURES 8–14 in Four new leaf-mining Acalyptris species from Guatemala and Belize, with new data on bionomics of Stigmella pruinosa (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae)

FIGURES 8–14. Acalyptris peteni Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 8, currently known distribution; 9, habitat, lowland evergreen broadleaf tropical forest; 10, male adult, holotype; 11, same, paratype. Scale 1 mm; 12, cocoon. Scale 2 mm; 13, 14, leaf-mines.

FIGURES 1–7 in Four new leaf-mining Acalyptris species from Guatemala and Belize, with new data on bionomics of Stigmella pruinosa (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae)

FIGURES 1–7. Acalyptris basicornis Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov. 1, currently known distribution; 2, habitat, disturbed secondary lowland evergreen broadleaf tropical forest; 3, 4, male adult, holotype. Scale 1 mm; 5, male genitalia, holotype, genitalia slide no. RA478; 6, same, aedeagus; 7, same, valva. Scale bar 100 µm.

FIGURES 209–212 in Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna

FIGURES 209–212. Male genitalia of Stigmella lobata Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov. 209, holotype, genitalia slide no. RA553, capsule with phallus removed; 210, same, uncus and gnathos; 211, paratype, genitalia slide no. RA559, capsule with phallus removed; 212, same, phallus (ZMUC).

FIGURES 93–97 in Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna

FIGURES 93–97. Stigmella rigida Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 93, male adult, holotype; left side; 94, same, right side; 95, 96, male genitalia, holotype, genitalia slide no. AD625, capsule without phallus; 97, same, phallus (ZMUC).

FIGURES 186–190 in Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna

FIGURES 186–190. Stigmella andina (Meyrick) (after Puplesis & Robinson 2000). 186 female adult, paralectotype; 187, male adult, lectotype; 188, male genitalia, slide no. 28841, capsule; 189, same, valva; 190, same, phallus (BMNH).

FIGURES 32–33 in Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna

FIGURES 32–33. Details of morphology and bionomics. 32, abdominal apex of female of Stigmella calceolarifoliae sp. n.; 33, leaf-mines of S. paramica sp. n. in Pentacalia leaf, and cocoon.

FIGURES 196–199 in Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna

FIGURES 196–199. Male genitalia of Stigmella kristenseni Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., holotype, genitalia slide no. AD670. 196, valvae; 197, uncus, gnathos and transtilla; 198, basal part of valvae and ventral plate of vinculum; 199, apex of phallus (ZMUC).

FIGURES 6–10 in Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna

FIGURES 6–10. Habitats: shrub-dominated páramo and Polylepis forest near volcano Antisana and Papallacta Pass (Ecuador: Napo Province) at altitudes about 3700–3900 m, 0°21'45"S, 78°11'35"W. 6, view of volcano Antisana; 7, a relict stand of high- Andean Polylepis; 8–10, shrub-dominated páramo SE of Papallacta Pass.

FIGURES 118–122. Stigmella schoorli Puplesis & Robinson. 118, 119 in Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna

FIGURES 118–122. Stigmella schoorli Puplesis & Robinson. 118, 119, male adult; 120, male genitalia, capsule without phallus, paratype, genitalia slide no. Diškus201; 121, same, holotype, genitalia slide no. Diškus200 (after Puplesis & Robinson 2000); 122, phallus, paratype, genitalia slide no. Diškus201 (ZMUC).

FIGURES 98–102 in Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna

FIGURES 98–102. Stigmella altiplanica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 98, male adult, holotype; 99, same, left side; 100, male genitalia, holotype, genitalia slide no. AD647, capsule without phallus; 101, same, phallus; 102, same, dorsal view of capsule (ZMUC).

FIGURES 191–195 in Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna

FIGURES 191–195. Stigmella kristenseni Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 191, 192, holotype, male adult; 193, holotype, male genitalia, slide no. AD670, capsule with phallus removed; 194, same, focused from ventral to more dorsal view; 195, same, phallus (ZMUC).

FIGURES 14–17. Adults. 14, 15 in First description of leaf-mining Nepticulidae and Tischeriidae (Insecta, Lepidoptera) feeding on the Chilean endemic plant genus Podanthus Lag. (Asteraceae)

FIGURES 14–17. Adults. 14, 15, male (14) and female (15) of Stigmella podanthae sp. nov.; 16, 17, male (16) and female (17) of Astrotischeria chilei Puplesis & Diškus. Note: the forewing pattern is highly variable, the pattern (17, female) when ochreyellow scales predominate and black scales form irregular dots is equally characteristic for males.

FIGURES 35–38 in First description of leaf-mining Nepticulidae and Tischeriidae (Insecta, Lepidoptera) feeding on the Chilean endemic plant genus Podanthus Lag. (Asteraceae)

FIGURES 35–38. Female genitalia of Astrotischeria chilei Puplesis & Diškus, genitalia slide no. AD598 (ZMUC). 36, 37, ovipositor, a pair of lobes clothed with short, stout and darker modified setae ('peg setae'), and second pair of lobes bearing very long slender setae; 37, anterior and posterior apophyses and the prela (described by Braun 1972) which includes the remaining three pairs of apophyses; 38, general view.