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opencc-by-4.0Oct 2023View details →

Plant life history data as evidence of an historical mixed-severity fire regime in Banksia woodlands

Context: The concept of the fire regime serves as an agreed upon template by which to inform understanding and management of fire-prone ecosystems globally. While observations from satellite imagery or palaeoecological proxy data can provide direct evidence of past fire regimes, they may be limited in temporal and/or spatial scale and are not available for all ecosystems. However, fire-related plant trait and demographic data offers an alternative approach to understand species-fire regime associations at the ecosystem scale. Aims: We aimed to quantify the life history strategies and associated fire regimes for six co-occurring shrub and tree species from fire-prone, Mediterranean climate Banksia woodlands in southwestern Australia. Methods: We collected static demographic data on size structure, seedling recruitment, and plant mortality across sites of varying time since last fire. We combined demographic data with key fire-related species traits to define plant life history strategies. We then compared observed life histories with a priori expectations for surface, stand-replacing, and mixed-severity fire regime types to infer historical fire regime associations.Key results: Fire-killed shrubs and weakly serotinous trees had abundant post-fire seedling recruitment, but also developed multi-cohort populations during fire-free periods via inter-fire seedling recruitment. Resprouting shrubs had little seedling recruitment at any time, even following fire, and showed no signs of decline in the long absence of fire likely due to their very long lifespans. Conclusions: The variation in life history strategies for these six co-occurring species is consistent with known ecological strategies to cope with high variation in fire intervals in a mixed-severity fire regime. While resprouting and strong post-fire seedling recruitment indicate a tolerance of frequent fire, inter-fire recruitment and weak serotiny is interpreted as a bet-hedging strategy to cope with occasional long fire-free periods that may otherwise exceed adult and seed bank lifespans. Implications: Our findings suggest that Banksia woodlands have evolved with highly variable fire intervals in a mixed-severity fire regime. Further investigations of species adaptations to varying fire size and patchiness can help extend our understanding of fire regime tolerances.

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Data and code for: Acute heat priming promotes short-term climate resilience of early life stages in a model sea anemone

Across diverse taxa, sublethal exposure to abiotic stressors early in life can lead to benefits such as increased stress tolerance upon repeat exposure. This phenomenon, known as hormetic priming, is largely unexplored in early life stages of marine invertebrates, which are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic climate change. To investigate this phenomenon, larvae of the sea anemone and model marine invertebrate Nematostella vectensis were exposed to control (18°C) or elevated (24°C, 30°C, 35°C, or 39°C) temperatures for 1 hour at 3 days post-fertilization (DPF), followed by return to control temperatures (18°C). The animals were then assessed for growth, development, metabolic rates, and heat tolerance at 4, 7, and 11 DPF. Priming at intermediately elevated temperatures (24°C, 30°C, or 35°C) augmented growth and development compared to controls or priming at 39°C. Indeed, priming at 39°C hampered developmental progression, with around 40% of larvae still in the planula stage at 11 DPF, in contrast to 0% for all other groups. Total protein content, a proxy for biomass, and respiration rates were not significantly affected by priming, suggesting metabolic resilience. Heat tolerance was quantified with acute heat stress exposures, and was significantly higher for animals primed at intermediate temperatures (24°C, 30°C, or 35°C) compared to controls or those primed at 39°C at all time points. To investigate a possible molecular mechanism for observed changes in heat tolerance, the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) was quantified at 11 DPF. Expression of HSP70 significantly increased with increasing priming temperature, with the presence of a doublet band for larvae primed at 39°C, suggesting persistent negative effects of priming on protein homeostasis. Interestingly, primed larvae in a second cohort cultured to 6 weeks post-fertilization continued to display hormetic growth responses, whereas benefits for heat tolerance were lost; in contrast, negative effects of short-term exposure to extreme heat stress (39°C) persisted. These results demonstrate that some dose-dependent effects of priming waned over time while others persisted, resulting in heterogeneity in organismal performance across ontogeny following priming. Overall, these findings suggest that heat priming may augment the climate resilience of marine invertebrate early life stages via the modulation of key developmental and physiological phenotypes, while also affirming the need to limit further anthropogenic ocean warming.

opencc-zeroNov 2023View details →

Fig. 3 in Life cycle of Carabus granulatus Linnaeus 1758 (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in Western Transbaikalia

Fig. 3. Seasonal dynamics of Carabus granulatus activity on saline meadow in 2018. Abbreviations as in Fig. 1.

Fig. 2 in Life cycle of Carabus granulatus Linnaeus 1758 (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in Western Transbaikalia

Fig. 2. Seasonal dynamics of Carabus granulatus activity on steppe meadow in 2018. Abbreviations as in Fig. 1.

Fig. 1 in Life cycle of Carabus granulatus Linnaeus 1758 (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in Western Transbaikalia

Fig. 1. Seasonal dynamics of Carabus granulatus activity on floodplain meadow in 2018. Abbreviations: t – teneral imago, i – immature imago, m – mature imago, s – spent imago.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2014View details →

Figs 2a–m. Arcuospathidium bromelicola from life. a, b in Five New Spathidiids (Ciliophora: Bromeliads Haptoria) from Caribbean Tank

Figs 2a–m. Arcuospathidium bromelicola from life. a, b – left side and ventral view, showing body outline of a specimen with strongly convex oral bulge (arrowheads); c – oral bulge extrusomes (some marked by arrowheads) are rod shaped and about 4 × 0.3 µm in size; d – a pillar of a squashed cyst; e – bright field micrograph of a resting cyst in optical section, showing the thin external layer (arrow) and thick internal layer (opposed arrowheads); f–h – optical section of cyst pillars, showing the variability of the distal end; i, j – optical section and surface view, showing the narrowly spaced pillars; k – arrowheads mark overturned pillars in a squashed cyst; l, m – optical sections, showing the cysts filled with lipid droplets and surrounded by a narrow slime layer. CV – contractile vacuole, L – lipid droplets, MA – macronucleus, SL – slime layer. Scale bars: 2.5 µm (f–h), 10 µm (c), 15 µm (e, i, j, l, m), and 40 µm (a, b).

Figure 3 in Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Life on Earth

Figure 3. The relative richness of terrestrial mammal species by ecoregion is depicted. Warmer colors denote ecoregions containing richer assemblages.

Figure 2 in Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Life on Earth

Figure 2. The map of terrestrial ecoregions of the world recognizes 867 distinct units, roughly a fourfold increase in biogeographic discrimination over that of the 193 units of Udvardy (1975). Maps of freshwater and marine ecoregions are similarly needed for conservation planning.

Figure 1. The ecoregions are categorized within 14 in Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Life on Earth

Figure 1. The ecoregions are categorized within 14 biomes and eight biogeographic realms to facilitate representation analyses.

Figure 4 in Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Life on Earth

Figure 4. The level of species endemism for terrestrial mammals shows different patterns than that of richness. Warmer colors denote ecoregions containing more endemic species.

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

Supplementary Data for: A time-calibrated 'Tree of Life' of aquatic insects for knitting historical patterns of evolution and measuring extant phylogenetic biodiversity across the world

This compendium of files includes the dated phylogenetic tree in Newick format (Data S1), the list of statistical routines used for the three empirical case studies (Data S2), and the high-resolution version of the figures in the supplementary materials and main text (Data S3) for the Earth-Science Reviews paper "A time-calibrated ‘Tree of Life’ of aquatic insects for knitting historical patterns of evolution and measuring extant phylogenetic biodiversity across the world", which is under consideration. The best-scoring molecular tree (Data S1) can be opened using freely available programs like R (R Development Core Team, 2021), Dendroscope (Huson and Scornavacca, 2012), and FigTree (Rambaut, 2018). Please, feel free to send an email to the maintainer Dr. Jorge García Girón (jogarg@unileon.es OR Jorge.Garcia-Giron@oulu.fi) if you face any trouble downloading, opening, or using these files. <ul> <li>Huson, D. H., & Scornavacca, C. (2012). Dendroscope 3: An interactive tool for rooted phylogenetic trees and networks. Systematic Biology, 61(6), 1061–1067.</li> <li>R Development Core Team (2021). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. https://www.R-project.org/</li> <li>Rambaut, A. (2018). FigTree. Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/</li> </ul>

Maps of the diversity and distribution of Raunkiær's life forms in European vegetation

This repository contains raster files (TIF format) with a 50 km × 50 km resolution (over UTM grid EPSG:32633), showcasing the diversity and distribution of Raunkiær’s life forms in European vegetation. The maps are based on two key metrics: (i) the proportion (%) of species within each life form and (ii) the diversity of life forms, including richness and evenness. To generate these maps, we averaged plot-level metric values across a comprehensive dataset comprising 546,501 vegetation plots sourced from the European Vegetation Archive (EVA; Project 163; <a href="https://euroveg.org" target="_new">https://euroveg.org</a>). These plots cover diverse habitats, including 173,190 forests, 260,884 grasslands, 52,517 scrubs, and 59,910 wetlands. The maps encompass the entire dataset, offering a visualization of the geographical distribution patterns of life forms across Europe. Additionally, we created habitat-specific maps by subsetting the dataset to explore unique patterns within each habitat type (forest, grassland, scrub, and wetland). Furthermore, we generated additional maps based on standardised effect sizes (SES) of diversity metrics. Through 500 species identity shuffles without replacement, specific to each habitat type, we examined the deviations from random expectations. SES values outside the range of -1.96 to 1.96 indicate significantly lower or higher metric values than expected at random, respectively.    <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>Folder name</td> <td>Description of TIF raster values</td> </tr> <tr> <td>full.div</td> <td>Mean richness and evenness of life forms across all habitat types</td> </tr> <tr> <td>full.mean.rel.prop</td> <td>Mean proportion of each life form across all habitat types</td> </tr> <tr> <td>habitat.div</td> <td>Mean richness and evenness of life forms across separate habitat types (forest, grassland, scrub, and wetland)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>habitat.mean.rel.prop</td> <td>Mean proportion of each life form across separate habitat types (forest, grassland, scrub, and wetland)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SES.full.div</td> <td>Mean richness and evenness of life forms across all habitat types measured with standardized effect sizes (SES)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SES.full.mean.rel.prop</td> <td>Mean proportion of each life form across all habitat types measured with standardized effect sizes (SES)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SES.habitat.div</td> <td>Mean richness and evenness of life forms across separate habitat types (forest, grassland, scrub, and wetland) measured with standardized effect sizes (SES)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SES.habitat.mean.rel.prop</td> <td>Mean proportion of each life form across separate habitat types (forest, grassland, scrub, and wetland) measured with standardized effect sizes (SES)</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> Additional information is available in our publication: Midolo, G., Axmanová, I., Diví&scaron;ek, J., Dřevojan, P., Lososová, Z., Večeřa, M., Karger, D. N., Thuiller, W., Bruelheide, H., Aćić, S., Attorre, F., Biurrun, I., Boch, S., Bonari, G., Čarni, A., Chiarucci, A., Ću&scaron;terevska, R., Dengler, J., Dziuba, T., Garbolino, E., Jandt, U., Lenoir, J., Marcenò, C., Rūsiņa, S., &Scaron;ibík, J., &Scaron;kvorc, Ž., Stančić, Z., Stani&scaron;ić-Vujačić, M., Svenning, J. C., Swacha, G., Vassilev, K., & Chytrý, M. (2024) Diversity and distribution of Raunkiær’s life forms in European vegetation. Journal of Vegetation Science. Accepted on the 10th of December 2023

opencc-zeroJan 2024View details →

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Thermal performance of Aedes sierrensis life history traits for populations collected across the species range

How mosquitoes may respond to rapid climate warming remains unknown for most species, but will have major consequences for their future distributions, with cascading impacts on human well-being, biodiversity, and ecosystem function. We investigated the adaptive potential of a wide-ranging mosquito species, Aedes sierrensis, across a large climatic gradient by conducting a common garden experiment measuring the thermal limits of mosquito life history traits. Although field-collected populations originated from vastly different thermal environments that spanned over 1,200 km, we found limited variation in upper thermal tolerance between populations. In particular, the upper thermal limits of all life history traits varied by <3°C across the species range and, for most traits, did not differ significantly between populations. For one life history trait—pupal development rate—we did detect significant variation in upper thermal limits between populations, and this variation was strongly correlated with source temperatures, providing evidence of local thermal adaptation for pupal development. However, we found that maximum environmental temperatures across most of the species' range already regularly exceed the highest upper thermal limits estimated under constant temperatures. This result suggests that strategies for coping with and/or avoiding thermal extremes are likely key components of current and future mosquito thermal tolerance.

Life cycle inventory database for consumption in Quebec - Personal hygiene

These inventory datasets are essential for calculating the environmental impacts of an individual’s consumption in Quebec. Led by the CIRAIG, in collaboration with ESG-UQAM, this project aims to develop an inventory database of the life cycle of consumption in Quebec. These inventory datasets are essential for calculating the carbon footprint of an individual’s consumption in Quebec. The inventory is developed with a life cycle approach. Ultimately, it allows for evaluating carbon footprints at every step of the consumption life cycle (extraction of primary sources, transformation, transport, use of goods and services, end of life). The inventory is developed in a modular fashion for the different areas of individual consumption as Food; Transport; Housing; Clothing; Travel; Communications; Entertainment and Culture; Financial and Administrative Management; Health, Hygiene, and Beauty. These areas are developed and detailed as a priority, as they contribute most to an individual’s carbon footprint in Quebec. Other non-priority areas are roughly modelled in order to provide a complete (but more uncertain) portrait of individual consumption. The project is underway and the deliverables will be made available online as things progress. It is not, however, an objective of the project to create a carbon footprint calculation tool at the moment. https://ciraig.org/index.php/project/life-cycle-inventory-database-for-consumption-in-quebec/

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2023View details →

Fig. 2. Unsporulated T. gondii oocysts, with a in Exploring the epidemiological role of the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii

Fig. 2. Unsporulated T. gondii oocysts, with a diameter of 10–12 μm, after flotation from a faecal sample of a juvenile lynx (left) (ID W20_8385). T. gondii development stage (meront, arrow) in a histological section of small intestine of a lynx (right) (ID W21_4446).

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2024View details →

Survey: coopetition attributes, coopetition life cycle, and coopetition performance_UMO-2020/39/B/HS4/00935

The data set covers Likert-type data on coopetition attributes, coopetition life cycle, and coopetition performance. Data collection: December 2022 and March 2023 using a mixed-mode (CATI, CAWI, and CAWI supported by phone). Sample: 1231  (909 low-tech firms and 322 high-tech firms). Finacned by a research grant by National Science Centre in Poland under agreement UMO-2020/39/B/HS4/00935.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2024View details →

Raw data for publication: Bioinspired Living Coating System for Wood Protection: Exploring Fungal Species on Wood Surfaces Coated with Biofinish during its Service Life

Weather Data.xlsx This file contains hourly local weather conditions in Izola, Slovenia from October 2021- August 2022 Number of colonies.xlsx This file contains the number of fungal colonies isolated from the InnoRenew CoE facade FUNGAL STRAINS_DNA sequence analysis.xlsx This file contains the Genomic DNA of the fungal strains detected on the InnoRenew CoE facade

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2023View details →

Figure 7. Aegiochus nohinohi Bruca, 2009 immatura staga 1 in Reconstructing the life cycle of the isopodan group Aegidae with morphological descriptions and the importance of immature stages

Figure 7. Aegiochus nohinohi Bruca, 2009 immatura staga 1 (NIWA 24018). A, Dorsal viaw. B–C, Vantral viaw. D, Lataral viaw. E, Antannula. F, Antanna. G, Mandibla. H, Maxillipad. I, Maxillula. J, Maxilla. Scalas: A–D, 1 mm; E–F, 0.25 mm (top, right); G–J, 0.25 mm (bottom, right).

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2023View details →

Figure 8. Aegiochus nohinohi Bruca, 2009 A–D, Immatura staga 2 in Reconstructing the life cycle of the isopodan group Aegidae with morphological descriptions and the importance of immature stages

Figure 8. Aegiochus nohinohi Bruca, 2009 A–D, Immatura staga 2 (NIWA 24018). E–H, Adult mala (NIWA 24018). A, Dorsal viaw. B, Vantral viaw. C, Lataral viaw. D, Closa-up of undardavalopad panial lobas. E, Dorsal viaw. F, Vantral viaw. G, Lataral viaw. H, Closa-up of wall-davalopad panial lobas.