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FIG. 11 in 41: New and previously described species of Dactylogyridae (Platyhelminthes) from the gills of marine and freshwater perciform fishes (Teleostei) with proposal of a new genus and a hypothesis on phylogeny

FIG. 11. — Sclerotized structures of Euryhaliotrema n. gen. species; A-G; Euryhaliotrema chrysotaeniae (Young, 1968) n. comb.; A, vagina (ventral view); B, ventral anchor; C, dorsal anchor; D, ventral bar; E, dorsal bar; F, hook; G, copulatory complex (ventral view); H-N; Euryhaliotrema lutiani (Yamaguti, 1953) n. comb.; H, ventral anchor; I, dorsal anchor; J, ventral bar; K, dorsal bar; L, vagina (ventral view); M, hook; N, copulatory complex (dorsal view); O-U; Euryhaliotrema johni (Tripathi, 1959) n. comb.; O, ventral anchor; P, dorsal anchor; Q, ventral bar; R, vagina (ventral view); S, hook; T, copulatory complex (ventral view); U, dorsal bar. Scale bar: 25 µm.

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FIG. 5. — Euryhaliotrema monacanthus n. gen., n in 41: New and previously described species of Dactylogyridae (Platyhelminthes) from the gills of marine and freshwater perciform fishes (Teleostei) with proposal of a new genus and a hypothesis on phylogeny

FIG. 5. — Euryhaliotrema monacanthus n. gen., n. sp.; A, whole mount (composite, ventral view); B, vagina (ventral view); C, hook; D, copulatory complex (ventral view); E, ventral bar; F, ventral anchor. Scale bars: A, 100 µm; B-F, 25 µm.

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FIG. 4. — Euryhaliotrema thatcheri n. gen., n in 41: New and previously described species of Dactylogyridae (Platyhelminthes) from the gills of marine and freshwater perciform fishes (Teleostei) with proposal of a new genus and a hypothesis on phylogeny

FIG. 4. — Euryhaliotrema thatcheri n. gen., n. sp.; A, whole mount (composite, ventral view); B, vagina (ventral view); C, copulatory complex (ventral view); D, ventral bar; E, dorsal bar; F, ventral anchor; G, hook; H, I, dorsal anchors. Scale bars: A, 100 µm; B-I, 25 µm.

Figure 5 in Cryptic speciation at organic-rich marine habitats: a new bacteriovore annelid from whale-fall and fish farms in the North-East Atlantic

Figure 5. Vigtorniella spp. Haplotype network of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI). Each large circle represents a sequence from an individual of Vigtorniella ardabilia that has been collected in Sweden (white) or Norway (grey). Black circles represent V. flokati, collected in the Pacific Ocean, three specimens sampled sharing the same haplotype. Letters in circles, A-G, represent haplotypes of V. ardabilia sampled in this study (Table 1). Each line represents a mutation and small empty circles are inferred haplotypes not present in the current study.

Figure 4 in Cryptic speciation at organic-rich marine habitats: a new bacteriovore annelid from whale-fall and fish farms in the North-East Atlantic

Figure 4. Vigtorniella ardabilia sp. nov., specimen from whale-fall in Sweden, light micrographs: (A) parapodia from mid-body region, (B) detail of neuropodial falcigers, (C) detail of notopodial spine. Scale bar in (A) is 100 Mm, in (B) and (C) 10 Mm.

Figure 3 in Cryptic speciation at organic-rich marine habitats: a new bacteriovore annelid from whale-fall and fish farms in the North-East Atlantic

Figure 3. Vigtorniella ardabilia sp. nov., specimen from whale-fall in Sweden. SEM micrographs of (A) head region dorsal view, (B) head region ventral view, (C) fine neuropodial falcigers from segment 2, (D) neuropodial falcigers from mid-body region, and (E) notopodial spine. Scale bars in (A) and (B) are 150 Mm, in (C) 7.5 Mm, in (D) 15 Mm and in (E) 6 Mm.

Figure 2 in Cryptic speciation at organic-rich marine habitats: a new bacteriovore annelid from whale-fall and fish farms in the North-East Atlantic

Figure 2. Vigtorniella ardabilia sp. nov., live photo of specimen from whale-fall in Sweden. The worm is 6 mm long.

Figure 3 in Cryptic speciation at organic-rich marine habitats: a new bacteriovore annelid from whale-fall and fish farms in the North-East Atlantic

Figure 3. Relationship between the number of chaetigers and total bodylength in 15 specimens of Vigtorniella ardabilia and 33 specimens of V. flokati.

Figure 6. Diagram showing Kimura 2 in Cryptic speciation at organic-rich marine habitats: a new bacteriovore annelid from whale-fall and fish farms in the North-East Atlantic

Figure 6. Diagram showing Kimura 2 Parameter (K2P)-distances between congeneric species in four chrysopetalid genera, for two nuclear genes (18S, 28S) and two mitochondrial genes (16S, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI)).

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Data files for: Huston, D.C. et al. 2021. Stable isotope signatures of an acanthocephalan and trematode from the herbivorous marine fish Kyphosus bigibbus (Perciformes: Kyphosidae). Journal of Parasitology. 107: 726–730

<p>Data files for the paper: Huston, D.C. et al. 2021. Stable isotope signatures of an acanthocephalan and trematode from the herbivorous marine fish Kyphosus bigibbus (Perciformes: Kyphosidae). Journal of Parasitology. 107(5) 726–730</p> <p>Includes raw data, .csv files for import of data into R, R script file, and excel spreadsheet file used to create Figure 1.</p>

Fig. 8 in Host biology, ecology and the environment influence microbial biomass and diversity in 101 marine fish species

Fig. 8 | Total microbial diversity across vertebrate hindguts and within multi- plebodysites of fish. a Hindgutmicrobiotasamplesfrom 569 speciesof vertebrates were rarified to 5000 reads and unique or shared ASVs determined for each class. b The percentage of unique ASVs only found in a given class (not shared in other classes) as compared to the total ASVs within that class. c Rarefaction of cumulative gamma diversity as a function of unique vertebrate species. Included is a single fish species, S. japonicus, sampled over 3 years "black dots" and the unrarefied FMP samples which had detectable bacteria in all four body sites (gill, skin, midgut, and hindgut).d Gammadiversity of 68 fishspeciesacrossfour bodysites.e Percentageof unique ASVs associatedwitha given bodysiteacrossthe 68 fish species.f Rarefaction curve of increasing gamma diversity (inclusive of four body sites) as a function of increasing fish species. ASV amplified sequence variant, 5k 5000.

Fig. 7 in Host biology, ecology and the environment influence microbial biomass and diversity in 101 marine fish species

Fig. 7 | Microbial source tracking analysis. a Microbial sources of 60 sea water (blue circle) samples taken from 30 unique sampling stations from two timepoints are distributed on a 10 km transect from Torrey Pines beach to Mission Bay. Microbial sources of 108 marine sediment samples (red stars) from San Diego coastalenvironmentincludes 60 paired samples (samelocationsas seawater) from the same 10 km transect along with 58 samples from the various reef habitats near La Jolla. Geographic data presented using ArcGIS. b Sourcetracker2 analysis of likely sources for the four body sites of the fish comparing contributions of beach sand, marine sediment, sea water, and "unknown". Unknown refers to microbes from an unknown source which could include diet and other animals or locations not sampled. c Specific microbial contributions of sea water to the four mucosal body sites and d specific microbial contributions of marine sediment to the four mucosalbodysites b–d: distributionisin medianand interquartilerange.Statistical differences determined using non-parametrictesting Kruskal–Wallistest with 0.05 FDR Benjamini–Hochberg. e Proportion of microbes (distribution is in median and interquartile range) likely originating from the sea water vs. sediment for each unique body site (sea water vs. sediment pairwise comparison for each body site using Mann–Whitney test p <0.05).f Spearmanrho valuesfromcomparisons ofthe ratio of sea water "SW" and marine sediment "SED" against various continuous fish life history metadata variables for each unique body site (Spearman correlation p <0.05). g Comparison of the SW:SED ratios across the habitats from which the fish live. Comparisons performed on each unique body site (Kruskal–Wallis test, p <0.05). *p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001, ****p <0.0001, ASV amplified sequence variant ~unique sub-Operational Taxonomic Unit, SD standard deviation, MG midgut, HG hindgut, KW Kruskal–Wallis test statistic "H", IQR inter quartile range, SW sea water.

Fig. 5 in Host biology, ecology and the environment influence microbial biomass and diversity in 101 marine fish species

Fig. 5 | Biological and life history drivers of mucosal microbiota in diverse sampling of marine fish from Southern California. a Multivariate analysis of biological and life history parameters evaluated using unweighted and weighted normalized UniFrac distances. Statistical significance (PERMANOVA p = 0.001) indicated by yellow blocks (left) and effect size (right). All samples compared together (all) along with individual sample types (gill, skin, midgut, hindgut). b Impact of trophic level on similarity between midgut and hindgut (within a species) (linear model:p p value, mslope,dottedlinesare 95% confidence interval). F-Stat test statistic used in PERMANOVA analysis, all row names in a are metadata column names used in the analysis, MG midgut, HG hindgut, Gen. Weighted UniFrac generalized weighted UniFrac.

Fig. 6 in Host biology, ecology and the environment influence microbial biomass and diversity in 101 marine fish species

Fig. 6 | Evidence forphylosymbiosis across fishbody sites. Effectof evolutionary distance (low divergence time indicates a short branch length or similar fish species) of all fish compared to a skin unweighted UniFrac distance, b gill generalized weighted UniFrac distance, c hindgut generalized weighted UniFrac distance. Comparisons performed using Mantel test with multiple testing by FDR. Divergence time between fish species calculated using timetree.org. Gen. Weighted UniFrac generalized weighted UniFrac.

Fig. 3 in Host biology, ecology and the environment influence microbial biomass and diversity in 101 marine fish species

Fig. 3 | Alpha diversity and biomass comparisons across ecological and biolo- gical gradients in marine fish. Comparison of microbial diversity a "Chao1", b "Faith's Phylogenetic Diversity", c "Shannon", or d microbial biomassacrossbody site (gill, skin, midgut, and hindgut). Distributions in "red" are median with inter- quartile range. Statistical differences determined using non-parametric testing Kruskal–Wallistest with 0.05 FDR Benjamini–Hochberg. Further testing computed for each unique body site for a variety of biological and ecological metadata categories. Metadata whichis e categorical istestedusing Kruskal–Wallis f whereas numeric metadata tested using Spearmancorrelation. Onlysignificant associations are represented in e (Kruskal–Wallis p <0.05) and f (Spearman p <0.05). KW or KW stat "H" test statistic from Kruskal–Wallis test, MG midgut, HG hindgut, Faith PD Faith's Phylogenetic Diversity metric, GI:TL gastrointestinal length to fish total length "ratio", TL total length of fish.

Fig. 4 in Host biology, ecology and the environment influence microbial biomass and diversity in 101 marine fish species

Fig. 4 | Associations between fishmass and collection location as measuredby and d distance from shore with gill microbial biomass. e Comparison of fish mass distancefrom shorewith fishgill microbialbiomassand alphadiversity. Subset and f distancefromshorewithalpha diversitymetrics (Chao1).g Comparison of fish of fish from EPO and Atlantic (n = 54) collected from ocean (excludes bay and mass and h distance from shore with alpha diversity metric: Faith's PD. estuary samples) and from the neritic zone (<200 m depth). a Correlation matrix c–h (Confidenceintervalsof 95% aredisplayedasdotted lines). habita- between sample metadata where values are rho and significance indicated by t_act_collection refers to the metadata column name from where this habitat clas- *p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001, ****p <0.0001 (Spearmancorrelation). sification can be found…, SZsurf zone, RIT rocky intertidal, RST rocky subtidal, IS b Comparison of gill microbial biomass (log cells per gram) across habitat types inner shelf, KBRF kelp bed rocky reef, MDRF mid depth rocky reef, CP coastal from which the fish were collected. Distribution is in median and interquartile pelagic, P pelagic. Mass_g_log = log 10 (mass of the fish in grams), dis- range. Statistical differences determined using non-parametric testing tance_from_shore_m_log = log 10 (distance from nearest point on shore in meters Kruskal–Wallistest with 0.05 FDRBenjamini–Hochberg. c Comparison of fish mass from where the fish was caught).

Fig. 2 in Host biology, ecology and the environment influence microbial biomass and diversity in 101 marine fish species

Fig. 2 | Limit of detection, sample exclusion, and microbial biomassestimation for FMP101 dataset. a Application of KatharoSeq formula to calculate limit of detection of microbiota platesusing the Bacillus/Paracoccus mock community (1150 reads at 90%). b Limit of detection based on cell counts of Bacillus/ Paracoccus mock community (~16 cells into extraction at 90%). c Model fit of the log(sequencing read counts) of positive extraction controls vs. the log cell counts of those positive extraction controls (empirically determined using plate counts. The linear regression of the line is indicative of the quality of method to estimate microbial biomass from sequencing read counts. Con- fidenceintervalsof 95% aredisplayedas dottedlines. Thismethodissimilar to a qPCR curvewherethe log (Ct) would beequivalent to the log(read counts).This equation is then used to estimate the number of "microbial density" of the existing samples which is then further normalized by the volume of the DNA extraction,biomass of materialgoinginto theextraction and finallynormalized to at estimated microbial cells per gram of tissue. d Community analysis comparison and validation of compositionality of controls of twosets of mock community controls (section 1 = Bacillus/Paracoccus mock community; section 2 = zymo mock community). Putative contaminant g__Geobacillus identified (presentin 93% of negatives and higherrelative abundance ascompared to positives and samples). e Number of samples successful across the four body sites collected from the broad fish microbiota dataset. QC quality control, g__ refers to a genus of bacteria, HM mock homemade mock or human made mixture of bacteria to use as a control whereas zymo mock = mock microbial community created by a company "Zymo".

Fig. 1 in Host biology, ecology and the environment influence microbial biomass and diversity in 101 marine fish species

Fig. 1 | Samplingdesignof 116 speciesof marine fish. a Using ArcGIS todepictthe general area from which fish were sampled: black dots indicate the locations of the 101 unique species of marine fish sampled from the California Current Ecosystem in the Eastern Pacific Ocean primarily in the waters of San Diego CA. Red circles depict the locations of an additional 17 species of fish (15 unique species with 2 species duplicates) collected from the Western Atlantic primarily in the waters of New York. When multiple species of fish were caught in the same location, a single circle is used to indicate the location. b Fish were sampled across a gradient of depth and distances from shore. c Biometric measurements taken for nearly all fish include total length, fork length, mass, gape, and GI length. Various ratios from these lengths were also calculated. Microbiota samples from the gill were primarily whole tissue specimens from the entire left second gill arch or a section of the top middle and bottom of the entire filament. Skin mucus samples were taken by scraping using a razor blade. Midgut digesta material was collected from directly posterior of the stomach or if stomach was absent, the beginning of the GI tract. Hindgut digesta samples were taken from near the anus. Image from phylopic. MG midgut, HG hindgut, GI gastrointestinal tract, m meters.

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Fig. 2 in A new genus and species of marine fish leech (Annelida: Hirudinea: Piscicolidae) from South Africa

Fig. 2. External and internal characters of Lizabdella africana gen. et sp. n., holotype: (A) dorsal view; (B) digestive system, dorsal view (P – proboscis, C – crop, I – intestine, Ic – intestinal chambers, Rd – rectal dilation, Pcc – posterior crop caeca, F – fenestrae); (C) clitellum, ventral view, with a tubercle t that separates paired male gonopores, which are not clearly visible externally; (D) reproductive system, dorsal view (G – ganglia of ventral nerve cord, Ip – initial part of ejaculatory duct, Tp – terminal part of ejaculatory duct, accessory glands not shown, Os – ovisacs, conductive tissue not shown); (E) spermatophore; (F) reproductive system, lateral view (Ip – initial part of ejaculatory duct, Ag – accessory glands, Tp – terminal part of ejaculatory duct, Os – ovisacs, Ctm – conductive tissue mass, V – vagina).