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Fig. 19 in Revision of the Highly Specialized Ant Genus Discothyrea (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Afrotropics with X-Ray Microtomography and 3D Cybertaxonomy

Fig. 19. Still images from shaded surface display volume renderings of D. mixta Brown, 1958 (CASENT0285473) showing virtually segmented body parts. (A) Body in dorsal view, (B) body in profile, (C) head in full-face view, (D) head in dorsal view, (E) head in anterodorsal view, (F) head in anterior view, (G) head in profile, (H) head in ventral view, (I) posterior propodeum in posterior view, (J) petiole in profile, (K) petiole and gaster in profile, (L) petiole in dorsal view, (M) petiole in anterior view, (N) petiole oblique anterior view, (O) gaster in dorsal view, (P) petiole in ventral view, (Q) abdominal sternite 3 in ventral view, (R) mesotibia and mesotarsus in anterior view.

Fig. 13 in Revision of the Highly Specialized Ant Genus Discothyrea (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Afrotropics with X-Ray Microtomography and 3D Cybertaxonomy

Fig. 13. Diagnostic plate showing still images from surface volume renderings of mesotibiae and mesotarsi with mesotibial apicoventral spur, if present, colorized in green. (A) D. gaia, (B) D. poweri, (C) D. traegaordhi, (D) D. dryad, (E) D. maia, (F) D. wakanda.

Fig. 14 in Revision of the Highly Specialized Ant Genus Discothyrea (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Afrotropics with X-Ray Microtomography and 3D Cybertaxonomy

Fig. 14. Diagnostic plate showing differences in body pilosity. (A) D. mixta (CASENT0235473), (B) D. oculata (CASENT0235467), (C) D. aisnetu (CASENT0235475), (D) D. athene (CASENT0235476), (E) D. chimera (CASENT0235471),(F) D. damato (CASENT0247362),(G) D. dryad (CASENT0247371),(H) D. gaia (CASENT0247040), (I) D. gryphon (CASENT0247367), (J) D. hawkesi (CASENT0235470), (K) D. kalypso (CASENT0235468), (L) D. maia (CASENT0790541), (M) D. michelae (CASENT0235469), (N) D. patrizii (CASENT0235472), (O) D. penthos (CASENT0247383), (P) D. poweri (SAM-ENT-0011509), (Q) D. schulzei (CASENT0247370), (R) D. traegaordhi (CASENT0790122), (S) D. venus (CASENT0247017), (T) D. wakanda (CASENT0790326).With the exception of F, L, R,T, all other images are from https://www.antweb.org—photographers Michele Esposito and Will Ericson.

Fig. 10 in Revision of the Highly Specialized Ant Genus Discothyrea (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Afrotropics with X-Ray Microtomography and 3D Cybertaxonomy

Fig. 10. Diagnostic plate showing still images from surface volume renderings of the body in dorsal view with focus on mesosoma. All Afrotropical species are shown, species names are embedded in each particular image for better comparison and orientation. Specimen codes are given inTable 1.

Fig. 2 in Revision of the Highly Specialized Ant Genus Discothyrea (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Afrotropics with X-Ray Microtomography and 3D Cybertaxonomy

Fig. 2. Still images generated from surface display volume renderings of petiole and gaster showing different proportions of abdominal segments III (in orange) and IV (in blue). (A) D. mixta, (B) D. kalypso, (C) D. venus.

Fig. 16 in Revision of the Highly Specialized Ant Genus Discothyrea (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Afrotropics with X-Ray Microtomography and 3D Cybertaxonomy

Fig. 16. Shaded surface display of transparent volume renderings showing internal and external flagellar subsegmentation. (A) Discothyrea oculata (CASENT0195471), (B) Proceratium deelemani Perrault, 1981 (CASENT0790842), (C) Brachyponera sennaarensis (Mayr, 1862) (CASENT0790837), (D) Solenopsis invicta Buren, 1972 (OKENT0011209).

Fig. 20 in Revision of the Highly Specialized Ant Genus Discothyrea (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Afrotropics with X-Ray Microtomography and 3D Cybertaxonomy

Fig. 20. Stacked digital color images of D. oculata Emery, 1901 paralectotype (CASENT0903856 - from https://www.antweb.org, photographer Michele Esposito). (A) body in profile, (B) body in dorsal view, (C) head in full-face view.

Fig. 9 in Revision of the Highly Specialized Ant Genus Discothyrea (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Afrotropics with X-Ray Microtomography and 3D Cybertaxonomy

Fig. 9. Diagnostic plate showing still images from surface volume renderings of the mesosoma in profile (the remainder of the body virtually removed). All Afrotropical species are shown, species names are embedded in each particular image for better comparison and orientation. Specimen codes are given inTable 1.

Fig. 12 in Revision of the Highly Specialized Ant Genus Discothyrea (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Afrotropics with X-Ray Microtomography and 3D Cybertaxonomy

Fig. 12. Diagnostic plate showing still images from surface volume renderings of the petiole and gaster in profile (the remainder of the body virtually removed).All Afrotropical species are shown, species names are embedded in each particular image for better comparison and orientation. Specimen codes are given inTable 1.

Fig. 15 in Revision of the Highly Specialized Ant Genus Discothyrea (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Afrotropics with X-Ray Microtomography and 3D Cybertaxonomy

Fig. 15. Antennal anatomy showing flagellar fusion in Discothyrea. (A) D. mixta (CASENT0285473)—light microscopy, (B) D. traegaordhi (CASENT0790122) —light microscopy, (C) D. traegaordhi (CASENT0790122)—equivalent view to 15B but performed with surface volume rendering, (D) Zasphinctus sarowiwai Hita Garcia, 2017 (CASENT0764654)—sagittal section of surface volume rendering, (E) D. traegaordhi (CASENT0790122)—sagittal section of surface volume rendering, (F) D. mixta (CASENT0790542)—surface volume rendering showing each antennomere in different color, (G) D. mixta (CASENT0790542)—equivalent view to 15F but sagittal section, (H) D. dryad (CASENT0247374)—sagittal section of surface volume rendering showing each antennomere in different color, (I) D. gryphon (CASENT0790103), sagittal section of surface volume rendering showing each antennomere in different color.

Fig. 11 in Revision of the Highly Specialized Ant Genus Discothyrea (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Afrotropics with X-Ray Microtomography and 3D Cybertaxonomy

Fig. 11. Diagnostic plate showing still images from surface volume renderings of the posterior propodeum in posterior view (the remainder of the body virtually removed). All Afrotropical species are shown, species names are embedded in each particular image for better comparison and orientation. Specimen codes are given inTable 1.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

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Data from: Revision and microtomography of the Pheidole knowlesi group, an endemic ant radiation in Fiji (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae)Myrmicinae)

The Fijian islands, a remote archipelago in the southwestern Pacific, are home to a number of spectacular endemic radiations of plants and animals. Unlike most Pacific archipelagos, these evolutionary radiations extend to social insects, including ants. One of the most dramatic examples of ant radiation in Fiji has occurred in the hyperdiverse genus Pheidole. Most of the 17 native Fijian Pheidole belong to one of two species groups that descended from a single colonization, yet have evolved dramatically contrasting morphologies: the spinescent P. roosevelti species group, and the more morphologically conservative P. knowlesi species group. Here we revise the knowlesi group, in light of recent phylogenetic results, and enhanced with modern methods of X-ray microtomography. We recognize six species belonging to this group, including two of which we describe as new: Pheidole caldwelli Mann, Pheidole kava sp. n., Pheidole knowlesi Mann, P. ululevu sp. n., P. vatu Mann, and P. wilsoni Mann. Detailed measurements and descriptions, identification keys, and high-resolution images for queens, major and minor workers are provided. In addition, we include highly detailed 3D surface reconstructions for all available castes.

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Data from: Location of water in fresh sugarcane bagasse observed by synchrotron X-ray microtomography

Sugarcane bagasse is a vast lignocellulosic byproduct generated in the industry with ~50% humidity (1 kg dry matter associated with 1 kg water). Although the presence of water brings deleterious consequences for combustion, storage and sugar extraction, the location of water in fresh bagasse remains unknown. In this work, we use synchrotron X-ray microtomography for non-invasive 3D imaging of fresh bagasse particles, which allows the visualization of intraparticle water. The sclerified fiber cells in the sheaths surrounding xylem vessels are often found full of water. We suggest this can be juice preserved from the native stalks as many sclerified fibers seem to keep their structural integrity despite the mechanical action during sugarcane crushing. The microtomograms of fresh bagasse also shows mineral particles adhered to biomass surfaces, with adhesion presumably favored by the presence of water. In summary, this work unveils the location of water in fresh bagasse, solving an old mystery of sugarcane technology.

opencc-zeroDec 2018View details →

Figure 6 in A scolopocryptopid centipede (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) from Mexican amber: synchrotron microtomography and phylogenetic placement using a combined morphological and molecular data set

Figure 6. Single shortest cladogram for six genes and morphology in combination (14 570 steps) under parameter set 3221. Numbers above branches are jackknife frequencies> 50%. Navajo rugs (as explained in Fig. 5) for the six parameter sets shown below branches.

Figure 5 in A scolopocryptopid centipede (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) from Mexican amber: synchrotron microtomography and phylogenetic placement using a combined morphological and molecular data set

Figure 5. Single shortest cladogram for six genes in combination (14 465 steps) under parameter set 3221. Numbers above branches are jackknife frequencies> 50%. Navajo rugs below branches depict monophyly (black) or nonmonophyly (white) of clades under the six parameter sets shown at left; grey box indicates monophyly in some but not all shortest cladograms.

Figure 4 in A scolopocryptopid centipede (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) from Mexican amber: synchrotron microtomography and phylogenetic placement using a combined morphological and molecular data set

Figure 4. Strict consensus of nine best-fit cladograms based on morphological data in Table 2 under implied weights (k = 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6). GC values> 50% shown above branches for concavity constant k = 3. Position of Scolopocryptops simojovelensis highlighted.

Figure 3 in A scolopocryptopid centipede (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) from Mexican amber: synchrotron microtomography and phylogenetic placement using a combined morphological and molecular data set

Figure 3. Scolopocryptops simojovelensis sp. nov. Visualizations of synchrotron tomography data of holotype. A, B, dorsolateral and oblique anterodorsal views of head. C, ventral view of forcipules. D, lateral view of coxopleuron of left leg 23, anterior to left. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

Figure 2 in A scolopocryptopid centipede (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) from Mexican amber: synchrotron microtomography and phylogenetic placement using a combined morphological and molecular data set

Figure 2. Scolopocryptops simojovelensis sp. nov. Holotype AMNH Ch-SH7. A, nearly dorsal view of tergites 17–22; arrows on TT17 and 18 indicate complete paramedian sutures. B, dorsolateral view of tergites 17–20; inset shows anastomizing ridges parallel to posterior margin on tergite 19. C, dorsal view of segment 23, showing tergite (T23), coxopleural process (cp), dorsomedial spinose process (ds) and ventral spinose process (vs) of prefemur. D, dorsolateral view of leg pairs 21–23. Scale bars: A, B, D = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm.

Figure 1 in A scolopocryptopid centipede (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) from Mexican amber: synchrotron microtomography and phylogenetic placement using a combined morphological and molecular data set

Figure 1. Scolopocryptops simojovelensis sp. nov. Holotype AMNH Ch-SH7. A, dorsolateral view of complete specimen. B, distal part of right leg 20, showing tibial spur (ti) and tarsal spur (ta). C, dorsolateral view of cephalic plate and right antenna. D, distal part of tarsus and pretarsus of right leg 20, showing accessory spurs (ac). Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B = 0.5 mm; C = 1 mm; D = 0.1 mm.