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1,444 results for “mitigation”
SONGS Mitigation Monitoring: Experimental Reef Survey - Benthic Algae, Invertebrate, and Substrate Cover
These data describe annual estimates of the percent cover of benthic macroalgae, sessile macroinvertebrates, and substrate types at an artificial reef (Wheeler North Reef in Orange County, CA) and two natural reference reefs (San Mateo Kelp in Orange County, CA and Barn Kelp in San Diego County, CA). Data were collected from 2000 to 2004 as part of the experimental phase of the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station (SONGS) kelp reef mitigation program. In the summer of each year, divers identified and recorded species of algae and sessile macroinvertebrates, and substrate types under twenty uniformly placed points within 1 m2 quadrats that were uniformly distributed along fixed transects at each reef.
UCSB SONGS Mitigation Monitoring: Reef Survey - Fish Fecundity, Feeding, and Somatic Growth
These data describe annual estimates of the fecundity, gut fullness, and somatic growth of five fish species at three subtidal reefs collected as part of the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station (SONGS) Mitigation Monitoring Program. Data collection began in 2009 at an artificial reef (Wheeler North Reef in Orange County, CA) and two natural reference reefs (San Mateo Kelp in Orange County, CA and Barn Kelp in San Diego County, CA). Fish were collected annually at each reef between May and October.
UCSB SONGS Mitigation Monitoring: Reef Process Study - Density of Giant Kelp Recruits and Cover of Dead Holdfasts
These data describe annual estimates of the density of giant kelp recruits and the percent cover of dead giant kelp holdfasts from replicate quadrats at three subtidal reefs. Data collection occurred from 2000 -2023 at an artificial reef (Wheeler North Reef in Orange County, CA) and two natural reference reefs (San Mateo Kelp in Orange County, CA and Barn Kelp in San Diego County, CA) to evaluate the ability of Wheeler North Reef to compensate for losses of kelp forest habitat and associated biota caused by the operation of the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station (SONGS).
Dataset Mother-offspring conflict for water varies across altitude and is mitigated in the oviparous form of the bimodal lizard Zootoca vivipara
<p>The female dataset provides the responses of gravid and non reproductive female common lizard to a two week period of water restriction. This includes the measures of body mass (BM) and plasma osmolality (osmo) at the onset and the end of this timing. Dataset also reports different information on reproductive performance and characteristics of the population they came from. </p> <p>The juvenile dataset provides the morphological (snout-vent length: SVL, body mass: BM) and the sex of hatchling. We also included information about mother identity (cltuch effect), mother treatment and the characteristics of populations they came from. </p>
Host heterogeneity mitigates virulence evolution
<p>Parasites often infect genetically diverse host populations, and the evolutionary trajectories of parasite populations may be shaped by levels of host heterogeneity. Mixed genotype host populations, compared to homogeneous host populations, can reduce parasite prevalence and potentially reduce rates of parasite adaptation due to tradeoffs associated with adapting to specific host genotypes. Here, we used experimental evolution to select for increased virulence in populations of the bacterial parasite <em>Serratia marcescens</em> exposed to either heterogenous or homogenous populations of<em> Caenorhabditis elegans</em>. We found that parasites exposed to heterogenous host populations evolved significantly less virulence than parasites exposed to homogeneous host populations over several hundred bacterial generations. Thus, host heterogeneity impeded parasite adaptation to host populations. While we detected tradeoffs in virulence evolution, parasite adaptation to two specific host genotypes also resulted in modestly increased virulence against the reciprocal host genotypes. These results suggest that parasite adaptation to heterogenous host populations may be impeded by both tradeoffs and a reduction in the efficacy of selection as different host genotypes exert different selective pressures on a parasite population.</p>
Mitigating the impact of bad rainy seasons in poor agricultural regions to tackle deforestation
<p>I provide the stata files that allow to reproduce the results presented in the paper <br> "Mitigating the impact of bad rainy seasons in poor agricultural regions to tackle deforestation" by Antoine Leblois.</p> <p>The replication folder contains two files:<br> 1- *.dta file: database<br> 2- *.do file: do-file containing the codes to replicate the results</p> <p>Stata 14 was used for this work.</p>
Paper-Quake Mitigation Strategy: Experimental Raw Data
<p>Experimental Raw Data for the paper "Absorbent porous paper reveals how earthquakes could be mitigated" published in Geophysical Research Letters (GRL). DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL090792">https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL090792</a></p>
Social groups with diverse personalities mitigate physiological stress in a songbird
<p>Social groups often consist of diverse phenotypes, including personality types, and this diversity is known to affect the functioning of the group as a whole. Social selection theory proposes that group composition (i.e. social environment) also influences the performance of individual group members. However, the effect of group behavioural composition on group members remains largely unexplored, and it is still contentious whether individuals benefit more in a social environment with homogeneous or diverse behavioural composition. We experimentally formed groups of house sparrows <i>Passer domesticus</i> with high and low diversity of personality (exploratory behaviour), and found that their physiological state (body condition, physiological stress and oxidative damage) improved with increasing group-level diversity of personality. These findings demonstrate that group personality composition affects the condition of group members and individuals benefit from social heterosis (i.e. associating with a diverse set of behavioural types). This aspect of social life can play a key role in affiliation rules of social animals and might explain the evolutionary coexistence of different personalities in nature.</p>
Data from: Queen succession conflict in the paper wasp Polistes dominula is mitigated by age-based convention
Reproduction in cooperative animal groups is often dominated by one or a few individuals, with the remaining group members relegated to non-reproductive helping roles. This reproductive skew can evolve if helpers receive fitness benefits such as potential future inheritance of the breeding position, but the mechanisms by which inheritance is determined are not well resolved. <i>Polistes</i> paper wasps form highly reproductively skewed groups and inheritance of the breeding position is likely to play a key role in the maintenance of this social structure, making them excellent models for the processes by which simple societies are maintained. Reproductive succession is thought to be determined via an age-based convention in some <i>Polistes</i> species, but there is also evidence for contest-based succession systems in which the replacement queen uses physical aggression to overpower and thereby subordinate her nestmates. Here we provide evidence that queen succession in colonies of the European paper wasp <i>Polistes dominula</i> is determined via convention rather than contest, with little disruption to the colony's social functioning. We use queen removal experiments and fine-scale behavioral analyses to confirm that age is a strong predictor of succession, and that behavioral responses to queen removal are restricted to the oldest individuals rather than being experienced equally across the group. We provide the most comprehensive and detailed experimental analysis on the dynamics of breeder succession in a cooperatively breeding invertebrate to date, thereby shedding light on the mechanisms by which animal societies are able to maintain cohesion in the face of within-group conflict.
Data from: Adaptive responses and local stressor mitigation drive coral resilience in warmer, more acidic oceans
Coral reefs have great biological and socioeconomic value, but are threatened by ocean acidification, climate change, and local human impacts. The capacity for corals to adapt or acclimatise to novel environmental conditions is unknown but fundamental to projected reef futures. The coral reefs of Kāne'ohe Bay, Hawai'i were devastated by anthropogenic insults from the 1930s-1970s. These reefs experience naturally reduced pH and elevated temperature relative to many other Hawaiian reefs which are not expected to face similar conditions for decades. Despite catastrophic loss in coral cover due to human disturbance, these reefs recovered under low pH and high temperature within 20 years after sewage input was diverted. We compare the pH and temperature tolerances of three dominant Hawaiian coral species from within Kāne'ohe Bay to conspecifics from a nearby control site and show that corals from Kāne'ohe are far more resistant to acidification and warming. These results show that corals can have different pH and temperature tolerances among habitats and understanding the mechanisms by which coral cover rebounded within two decades under projected future ocean conditions will be critical to management. Together these results indicate that reducing human stressors offers hope for reef resilience and effective conservation over coming decades.
Data from: Exogenous glucocorticoids amplify the costs of infection by reducing resistance and tolerance, but effects are mitigated by co-infection
Individual variation in parasite defenses, such as resistance and tolerance, can underlie heterogeneity in fitness and could influence disease transmission dynamics. Glucocorticoid hormone concentrations often change in response to fluctuating environmental conditions and mediate changes in immune function, resource allocation, and tissue repair. Thus, changes in glucocorticoid hormone concentrations might mediate individual variation in investment in resistance versus tolerance. In this study, we experimentally increased glucocorticoid concentrations in red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) that were naturally infected with haemosporidian parasites and assessed changes in resistance and tolerance of infection. Glucocorticoid treatment increased burdens of Plasmodium, the parasite causing avian malaria, but only in the absence of co-infection with another Haemosporidian, Haemoproteus. Thus, glucocorticoids might reduce resistance to infection, but co-infection can mitigate the negative consequences of increased hormone concentrations. Glucocorticoid treatment also decreased tolerance of infection. We found no evidence that the inflammatory immune response or rate of red blood cell production underlie the effects of glucocorticoids on resistance and tolerance. Our findings suggest that exogenous glucocorticoids can increase the costs of haemosporidian infections by both increasing parasite numbers and reducing an individual's ability to cope with infection. These effects could scale up to impact populations of both host and parasite.
Highways are a threat for giant armadillos (Priodontes maximus) that underpasses can mitigate
<p>We report 22 records of giant armadillo roadkill on Brazilian highways in the Cerrado, Pantanal and Amazon biomes illustrating that highways are a threat to this species. However, we also documented the species using underpasses, demonstrating that these structures could help to reduce the risk of roadkill for giant armadillos.</p>
Main output data used in "Coupling the regional climate MAR model with the ice sheet model PISM mitigates the melt-elevation positive feedback" (Delhasse et al., 2024)
<p>Outputs used in:</p> <p><em>Delhasse, A., Beckmann, J., Kittel, C., and Fettweis, X.: Coupling MAR (Modèle Atmosphérique Régional) with PISM (Parallel Ice Sheet Model) mitigates the positive melt–elevation feedback, The Cryosphere, 18, 633–651, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-633-2024, 2024.</em></p> <p>MAR-PISM coupling experiments outputs over 1991-2200. The main experiments are:</p> <ul> <li>MAPI-2w: 2-way coupling, consideration <em>online</em> of the melt-elevation feedback (evolving topography in MAR).</li> <li>MAPI-1w: 1-way coupling, consideration of the melt-elevation feedback only with the <em>offline</em> correction (Franco <em>et al.</em>, 2012) of the MAR outputs (fixed topography in MAR).</li> <li>MAPI-0w: 0-way coupling, no consideration of the melt-elevation feedback (fixed topography in MAR and no correction during interpolation).</li> </ul> <p>MAR files contain yearly SMB (surface mass balance) and ST (surface temperature) interpolated (with correction) on the PISM-4.5km grid. Gradients used for the correction of the melt-elevation feedback are also given for both variables. SMB and ST are the two required MAR fields to couple MAR with PISM. </p> <p>PISM files contain yearly ice thickness (THK) and ice mask (MASK) as simulated by PISM for each of the three experiments. </p> <p>The MAR code used in this dataset is tagged as v3.11.3 on https://gitlab.com/Mar-Group/MARv3# (last access: 23 January 2024) (MARTeam, 2024). The PISM code used is tagged as PISMv1.2.2 on <a href="https://github.com/pism/pism/releases/tag/v1.2.2" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/pism/pism/releases/tag/v1.2.2</a> (last access: 23 January 2024). Other coupling scripts are also available upon request by email (<a href="mailto:alison.delhasse@uliege.be" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">alison.delhasse@uliege.be</a>).</p> <p>If you need other variables from MAR or PISM, send us an email (alison.delhasse@uliege.be, johanna.beckmann@monash.edu) and we will be glad to help you. We will also be happy to share the scripts we have developed to analyse the outputs and make the figures in this paper if needed. Please cite the paper if you use these MAR-PISM outputs.<br><br>Data usage notice:</p> <p>If you use any of these results, please acknowledge the work of the people involved in producing them. Acknowledgments should be similar to the one below that contains information related to MAR and PISM. To document MAR scientific impact and enable ongoing support of the model, users are likely encouraged to contact me to add their works to the list of MAR-related publications. </p> <p>"We thank A. Delhasse and J. Beckmann, as well as the MAR and PISM teams which make available the model outputs. We also thank agencies (F.R.S - FNRS, CÉCI, and the Walloon Region) that provided computational resources for MAR-PISM simulations. "</p> <p>You should also refer to and cite the following paper in its latest version:</p> <p><em>Delhasse, A., Beckmann, J., Kittel, C., and Fettweis, X.: Coupling MAR (Modèle Atmosphérique Régional) with PISM (Parallel Ice Sheet Model) mitigates the positive melt–elevation feedback, The Cryosphere, 18, 633–651, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-633-2024, 2024.</em></p> <p>Reference</p> <p><em>Franco, B., Fettweis, X., Lang, C., and Erpicum, M.: Impact of spatial resolution on the modelling of the Greenland ice sheet surface mass balance between 1990–2010, using the regional climate model MAR, The Cryosphere, 6, 695–711, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-6-695-2012, 2012.</em></p> <p><em>MARTeam: MARv3.11, GitLab [data set], <a href="https://gitlab.com/Mar-Group/MARv3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://gitlab.com/Mar-Group/MARv3#</a> (last access: 28 May 2022), 2021.</em></p>
Data Release for "Revisiting the evidence for precession in GW200129 with machine learning noise mitigation"
<p>Cleaned gravitational-wave data frame for the Livingston interferometer around GW200129 using NLSub, a machine-learning algorithm. For more details, see the publication on ArXiv: <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.09921">https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.09921</a>.</p><p>The data frame can be loaded in Python using e.g. GWPy TimeSeries class:</p><blockquote><p>from gwpy.timeseries import TimeSeries<br>tseries = TimeSeries.read('L-L1_DCS-CALIB_STRAIN_CLEAN_C01_NLSUB_P2300358_v4-1264314077-4078.hdf5')</p></blockquote><p> </p>
Energy simulation outputs for different mitigation scenarios
<p><span>Advanced urban heat mitigation technologies that involve the use of super cool materials combined with properly designed green infrastructure, lower the urban ambient and land surface temperatures and reduce the cooling consumption at the city scale. We present the </span>results of the <span>world's largest heat mitigation project in Riyadh, KSA. Daytime radiative coolers as well as cool materials combined with irrigated or non-irrigated greenery, have been used to design eight holistic heat mitigation scenarios. We assessed the climatic impact of the scenarios as well as the corresponding energy benefits </span>of <span>3,323 urban buildings. An impressive decrease of the peak ambient temperature, up to 4.5°C, is calculated, consisting of the highest reported urban ambient temperature reduction, while the annual sum of the differences of the ambient temperature against a standard temperature base, (cooling degree hours), in the city decrease by up to 26%. We found that innovative urban heat mitigation strategies contribute to </span>remarkable cooling energy conservation by up to 16%, while the combined implementation of heat mitigation and energy adaptation technologies decreases the cooling demand by up to 35%. <span>It is the first article investigating the large-scale energy benefits of modern heat mitigation technologies when they are implemented in cities. </span></p>
Long-term sulphide mitigation through molybdate at shrimp pond bottoms
<p>Shrimp are commonly cultured in earthen aquaculture ponds where organic-rich uneaten feed and faeces accumulate on and in the sediment to form anaerobic zones. Since the pond water is rich in sulphate, these anaerobic conditions eventually lead to the production of sulphide. Sulphides are toxic and even lethal to the shrimp that live on the pond sediment, but physicochemical and microbial reactions that occur during the accumulation of organic waste and the subsequent formation of sulphide in shrimp pond sediments remain unclear. Molybdate treatment is a promising strategy to inhibit sulphate reduction, thus, preventing sulphide accumulation. We used an experimental shrimp pond model to simulate the organic waste accumulation and sulphide formation in a long-term experiment (61 days). Sodium molybdate (5 and 25 mg/L Na2MoO4.2H2O) was applied as a preventive strategy to control sulphide production before oxygen depletion. Molybdate addition mitigated H2S production in the sediment, and delayed its transfer to the bulk liquid by pushing the higher sulphide concentration zone towards deeper sediment layers. Molybdate treatment at 25 mg/L significantly impacted the overall microbial community composition and treated samples (5 and 25 mg/L molybdate) had about 50% higher relative abundance of sulphate reducing bacteria than the control (no molybdate) treatment. In conclusion, molybdate worked as long-term mitigation strategy against sulphide accumulation by directly steering the microbial community in a shrimp pond system.</p>
Dataset for Gidden et.al. 2023 Updated AR6 Mitigation Benchmarks using National Emissions Inventories
<p>Scenario variables related to LULUCF emissions and removals in IPCC-assessed scenarios from AR6 calculated using OSCAR. Both direct fluxes, corresponding to model-reporting conventions, and indirect fluxes, which constitute an alignment factor to national inventories, are provided. See the original publication for more details (<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06724-y">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06724-y</a>).</p><h4>Change log from version 1</h4><ul><li><i>AR6 Reanalysis|OSCARv3.2|Emissions|CO2|AFOLU</i> and <i>AR6 Reanalysis|OSCARv3.2|Carbon Removal|Land</i> are removed, users should explicitly calculate if needed but otherwise use direct and indirect fluxes.</li><li><i>AR6 Reanalysis|OSCARv3.2|Carbon Removal</i> is now calculated only using the direct flux component (i.e., <i>AR6 Reanalysis|OSCARv3.2|Carbon Removal|Land|Direct</i>)</li></ul>
Wetlands as a potential multi-functioning tool to mitigate eutrophication and brownification
<p>Eutrophication and brownification are ongoing environmental problems affecting aquatic ecosystems. Due to anthropogenic changes, increasing amounts of organic and inorganic compounds are entering aquatic systems from surrounding catchment areas, increasing both nutrients, total organic carbon (TOC), and water color with societal, as well as ecological consequences. Several studies have focused on the ability of wetlands to reduce nutrients, whereas data on their potential to reduce TOC and water color is scarce. Here we evaluate wetlands as a potential multi-functional tool for mitigating both eutrophication and brownification. Therefore, we performed a study over 18 months in nine wetlands allowing us to estimate the reduction in concentrations of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), TOC, and water color. We show that wetland reduction efficiency with respect to these variables was generally higher during summer, but many of the wetlands were also efficient during winter. We also show that some, but not all, wetlands have the potential to reduce TOC, water color, and nutrients simultaneously. However, the generalist wetlands that reduced all four parameters were less efficient in reducing each of them than the specialist wetlands that only reduced one or two parameters. In a broader context, generalist wetlands have the potential to function as multi-functional tools to mitigate both eutrophication and brownification of aquatic systems. However, further research is needed to assess the design of the generalist wetlands and to investigate the potential of using several specialist wetlands in the same catchment.</p>
Reassessing the climate mitigation potential of Chinese ecological restoration: the undiscovered potential of urban areas
<p>The dataset includes urban climate mitigation benefit data for all 371 cities and 1,721 clusters in China, as well as aggregate data of different ecological restoration projects and climate backgrounds. Combining multi-source high-resolution remote sensing data sets and the reanalysis dataset, the absolute value standard deviation method of multiple linear regression is used to extract the largest dominant factor (pixel-by-pixel calculation) of daytime surface temperature in each city except NDVI (as a greening indicator). Then, the time trends of surface temperature, NDVI, and dominant factors were calculated based on the Theil-Sen Median slope estimation method. Finally, based on the linear statistical relationship of the three indicators, the surface temperature trend under the no-greening scenario was constructed, and the difference between the simulated and observed surface temperature trends was used to characterize the urban climate mitigation benefits of the ecological restoration project. The data details are as follows: </p> <p>If you have any questions or comments, please feel free to contact Mr. Dong Xu via <a href="mailto:zhangh573@mail2.sysu.edu.cn">xu.dong@u.nus.edu.</a></p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p><strong>Data name</strong></p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Spatial resolution</strong></p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Time resolution</strong></p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Source</strong></p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Unit</strong></p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Note</strong></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>MOD13A2</p> </td> <td> <p>1000 m</p> </td> <td> <p>16-Day</p> </td> <td> <p>USGS.a</p> </td> <td> <p>/</p> </td> <td> <p>UG index</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>MOD11A1</p> </td> <td> <p>1000 m</p> </td> <td> <p>Daily</p> </td> <td> <p>USGS.a</p> </td> <td> <p>Kelvin</p> </td> <td> <p>UST index</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>MOD09A1</p> </td> <td> <p>500 m</p> </td> <td> <p>8-Day</p> </td> <td> <p>USGS.a</p> </td> <td> <p>/</p> </td> <td> <p>Calculate IBI index</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>ERA5-Land reanalysis dataset</p> </td> <td> <p>10000 m</p> </td> <td> <p>Day</p> </td> <td> <p>ECMWF.b</p> </td> <td> <p>/</p> </td> <td> <p>Sensitivity analysis</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Population density datasets</p> </td> <td> <p>1000 m</p> </td> <td> <p>Annual</p> </td> <td> <p>WorldPop.c</p> </td> <td> <p>/</p> <p> </p> </td> <td> <p>Sensitivity analysis</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Global Urban Boundaries</p> </td> <td> <p>30 m</p> </td> <td> <p>Annual</p> </td> <td> <p>Li et al.</p> </td> <td> <p>/</p> </td> <td> <p>Delineate LUBs</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Note:</em> a, United States Geological Survey (https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/). b, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (https://www.ecmwf.int/). c, WordPop (https://www.worldpop.org/). </p> <p><span>1. </span>Li X, Gong P, Zhou Y, et al. Mapping global urban boundaries from the global artificial impervious area (GAIA) data[J]. Environmental Research Letters, 2020, 15(9): 094044.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
Engaging urban residents in the appropriate actions to mitigate human–wildlife conflicts
<p>Data that supports the following publication: Puri, M., Goode, K.O., Johannsen, K.L., and Pienaar, E.F. (2024) <span>Engaging urban residents in the appropriate actions to mitigate </span><span>human–wildlife</span><span> conflicts. <em>Conservation Science and Practice</em>.</span></p> <p><span>Article DOI: 10.1111/csp2.13074</span></p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.