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FIGURES 45–60 in An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species

FIGURES 45–60. Male genitaliae of Cicadellidae of Iran recorded as pests in orchards: 45: Cicadella viridis, aedeagus, lateral view; 46: Platymetopius shirazicus, aedeagus, dorsal view; 47. Fieberiella macchiae, aedeagus, lateral view; 48. Macrosteles sexnotatus, a: aedagus, ventral view and connective, b: stylus, lateral view; 49. Hishimonus phycitis, a: subgenital plate, ventral view b: aedeagus, ventral view, c: stylus, lateral view; 50. Neoaliturus fenestratus, aedeagus, dorsal view; 51. Psammotettix striata, aedeagus, ventral view; 52. Selenocephalus kyrosicus, aedeagus, dorsolateral view; 53. Stegelytra neveosparsa, aedeagus, lateral view; 54. Idioscopus clypealis, a: aedeagus, lateral view b: stylus, lateral view; 55. Sulamicerus stali, a: aedeagus, lateral view b: stylus, lateral view; 56. Anaceratagallia laevis, aedeagus, lateral view; 57. Austroagallia sinuata, aedeagus, lateral veiew; 58. Arboridia kermanshah, a: aedeagus, dorsal view, b: stylus, lateral view; 59. Frutioidia (Frutioidia) bisignata, a: aedeagus, lateral view, b: stylus, lateral view c: connective 60. Edwardsiana rosae, a: aedeagus, lateral view, b: connective, c: stylus, lateral view.

FIGURES 20–25 in An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species

FIGURES 20–25. Habitus and male genitaliae of Aphrophoridae of Iran recorded as pests in orchards (already published in: Mozaffarian & Wilson 2015): 20–21. Aphrophora alni, 20. Habitus, 21. Male genitalia, a: aedeagus, dorsal view, b: stylus, laterl view; 22–23. Philaenus spumarius, 22. Habitus, 23. Male genitalia, a: aedeagus, ventral view, b: stylus, lateral view, c: anal tube ventral view; 24–25. Poophilus costalis, 24. Habitus, 25. Male genitalia, a: aedeagus, lateral view, b, c: stylus, lateral view, d. anal tube, lateral view, e. genital plate, ventral view.

FIGURES 26–45 in An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species

FIGURES 26–45. Habitus of Cicadellidae of Iran recorded as pests in orchards: 26. Cicadella viridis; 27. Platymetopius shirazicus; 28. Fieberiella macchiae; 29. Macrosteles quadripunctulatus; 30. Macrosteles sexnotatus; 31. Hishimonus phycitis; 32. Neoaliturus fenestratus; 33. Neoaliturus haematoceps; 34. Psammotettix striata; 35. Selenocephalus dareicus; 36. Selenocephalus kyrosicus; 37. Stegelytra neveosparsa; 38. Idioscopus clypealis, a: dorsal b,c: face; 39. Sulamicerus stali; 40. Anaceratagallia laevis; 41. Austroagallia sinuata; 42. Arboridia kermanshah; 43. Frutioidia (Frutioidia) bisignata; 44. Edwardsiana rosae.

FIGURES 12–19 in An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species

FIGURES 12–19. Male genitaliae of Fulgoromorpha of Iran recorded as pests in orchards: 12. Hyalesthes mlokosiewiczi, a: stylus, lateral view, b: aedeagus, lateral view; 13. H. obsoletus, a: stylus, lateral view, b: aedeagus, lateral view; 14. Reptalus quinquecostatus, a: stylus, dorsal view, b: anal tube, dorsal view, c: aedeagus, lateral view; 15. Laodelphax striatellus a: stylus, laterl view, b: aedeagus, lateral view; 16. Mesophantia pallens, a: anal tube, dorsal view, b: aedeagus, lateral view, c: stylus, lateral view; 17. Persepolia columbaria, a: anal tube, lateral view, b: stylus, lateral view, c: aedeagus, lateral view; 18. Orosanga japonicas, a: stylus, lateral view, b: aedeagus, lateral view; 19. Ommatissus lybicus, aedeagus, lateral view.

FIGURES 1–11 in An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species

FIGURES 1–11. Habitus of Fulgoromorpha of Iran recorded as pests in orchards: 1. Hyalesthes mlokosiewiczi; 2- H. obsoletus; 3. Reptalus quinquecostatus; 4. Laodelphax striatellus; 5. Dictyophara europaea; 6. Mesophantia pallens, a: dorsal b: lateral; 7. Persepolia columbaria, a: dorsal, b: lateral; 8. Iranodus amygdalinus; 9. Orosanga japonicus; 10. Tettigometra costulata; 11. Ommatissus lybicus.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2024View details →

Effect of the localized insecticides spray technique to control Halyomorpha halys in Actinidia chinensis orchards.

Kiwifruit production is rapidly expanding worldwide with China, New Zealand and Italy being the three major producing countries. Halyomorpha halys, the brown marmorated stink bug, is an invasive insect pest that in the last two decades has become a major problem for several agricultural commodities, including kiwifruit. Its management relies on integrating different control methods, including board-spectrum insecticides. Nevertheless, the chemical control may not achieve satisfactory results and there is still margin for improvement, considering for instance the optimization of the spray technique. This problem is even more relevant in kiwifruit due to its peculiar training system, which reduce fruit exposure to pesticide sprays. In this study, two spray techniques were tested to maximize the insecticides efficacy in controlling H. halys in both yellow- and green-flesh kiwifruit cultivars (‘Jintao’ and ‘Hayward’). The effects of a conventional ray atomizer and a trumpet-modified atomizer, which localizes insecticide applications in the fruit area, were assessed on H. halys mortality (with artificial infestations) and fruit damages (due to H. halys naturally occurring in the orchards). The localized spray technique resulted in an overall significantly higher H. halys mortality in ‘Hayward’, but not in ‘Jintao’ cultivar. This is likely due to the differences in the canopy size and structure of these cultivars, observed recording biometric parameters of the vines. However, the fruit injury level was not different between the spray techniques. Further investigations in this direction are needed also to assess the efficiency of the localized spray technique in reducing insecticide dose and volume, in accordance to European strategies for sustainable developments that foreseen a restriction of authorized insecticidal active substances and an overall reduction of plant protection products usage.

opencc-by-nc-4.0Apr 2024View details →

Data and codes from: Orchards and paddy differentially impact rock outcrop amphibians: Insights from community- and species-level responses

<div> <div> This project contains data and codes from a study investigating the responses of rock outcrop amphibians to land-use change in the lateritic plateaus of the northern Western Ghats, at the community-level and at species-level. Species Coverage: Duttaphrynus melanostictus, Euphlyctis jaladhara, Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, Minervarya cepfi, Minervarya gomantaki, Minervarya syhadrensis, Sphaerotheca dobsonii, Gegeneophis seshachari, Microhyla nilphamariensis, Uperodon mormoratus, Hydrophylax bahuvistara, Polypedates maculatus. Geographic Coverage: Bakale, Devache Gothane, Devi Hasol and Gaonkhadi plateus of Ratnagiri District, Maharashtra State, India. (16°31’–16°48’N; 73°19–73°29’E) Temporal Coverage: June, July, August, September (2022).   Methods: <div> <div> Nighttime belt (100 × 6 m2) transect surveys were conducted (four temporal replicates), and at each 20 m point during each temporal replicate, in a 3-m radius circular subplot, the observer recorded the microhabitat variables. We calculated pool volume by multiplying the pool depth with the length (longest dimension) and width (second longest dimension) of the pool. We calculated stream cross-sectional volume within the subplot by multiplying the maximum depth and subplot diameter. The percentages of woody vegetation, flush vegetation, and grass cover were visually estimated. The finest level of spatial data was at the subplot level, which is the 20× 6 m2 segment of the transect and the associated circular plot from where we collected the amphibian abundance and microhabitat data respectively. For details about the microhabitat variables associated descriptions and untis, refer to the preprint and supplementary materials (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.10.03.560737" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.10.03.560737</a> ). </div> </div>   Funding: <ol> <li>On the Edge (UK)</li> <li>The Habitats Trust (India)</li> <li>The Bombay Environmental Action Group (India)</li> </ol>   </div> </div>

FIGURES 15–16 in A new species of Erythrogonia Melichar, 1926 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae Cicadellini) from the Mantiqueira mountain range, southeastern Brazil, associated with olive orchards

FIGURES 15–16. Type locality of Erythrogonia sinvali sp. nov. at the area of the Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG), Maria da Fé, state of Minas Gerais. 15, Forest fragment. 16, Olive orchard. Photographs kindly provided by Pedro H. A. Moura (EPAMIG).

FIGURE 14 in A new species of Erythrogonia Melichar, 1926 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae Cicadellini) from the Mantiqueira mountain range, southeastern Brazil, associated with olive orchards

FIGURE 14. Known distribution of Erythrogonia sinvali sp. nov., E. separata Melichar, 1926, and E. dorsalis (Signoret, 1853) in southeastern and southern Brazilian states. Erythrogonia dorsalis is also possibly distributed in the state of São Paulo (see discussion). MG: Minas Gerais; ES: Espírito Santo; RJ: Rio de Janeiro; SP: São Paulo; PR: Paraná; SC: Santa Catarina; RS: Rio Grande do Sul.

FIGURES 7–10 in A new species of Erythrogonia Melichar, 1926 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae Cicadellini) from the Mantiqueira mountain range, southeastern Brazil, associated with olive orchards

FIGURES 7–10. Erythrogonia sinvali sp. nov., female. 7, Sternite VII, ventral view. 8, First valvifers and "internal" sternite VIII, dorsal view; red arrows, from top to bottom, indicate the transverse bar, elongate sclerite, and posterior bilobed sclerite of sternite VIII. 9, Base of ovipositor valvulae I, anterior view; red arrow indicates transverse bar of sternite VIII. 10, Valvulae II of ovipositor, lateral view. 10a, teeth at posterior half. 10b, dorsoapical portion. 10c, ventroapical portion. Den: denticle; Duc: duct; Por: pore; Ppr: preapical prominence; Ram: ramus; Too: tooth; Vl1: valvifer I; Vv1: valvula I.

FIGURES 11–13 in A new species of Erythrogonia Melichar, 1926 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae Cicadellini) from the Mantiqueira mountain range, southeastern Brazil, associated with olive orchards

FIGURES 11–13. Erythrogonia sinvali sp. nov., female (total length 7.0 mm). 11 and 12, Body in dorsal and laterodorsal views, respectively. 13, Face, anterior view.

FIGURES 1–6 in A new species of Erythrogonia Melichar, 1926 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae Cicadellini) from the Mantiqueira mountain range, southeastern Brazil, associated with olive orchards

FIGURES 1–6. Erythrogonia sinvali sp. nov., male. 1, Crown and pronotum, dorsal view. 2, Pygofer, lateral view. 3, Valve and subgenital plate, ventral view. 4, Valve, basal portion of subgenital plates, styles, connective, and paraphyses, dorsal view. 5, Ejaculatory bulb, aedeagus, and anal tube processes, lateral view. 6, apex of aedeagus, caudal view. Con: connective; Par: reduced paraphyses; Pat: process of anal tube; Sty: style; Val: valve.

opencc-zeroJul 2021View details →

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Proximity to natural habitat and flower plantings increases insect populations and pollination services in South African apple orchards

Introducing areas of wildflower vegetation within crop fields has been shown to enhance pollinator activity and pollination services to crops, and findings in Europe showed an interaction effect between floral treatments and landscape context. Natural fynbos patches in the South African Cape Floristic Region (CFR) are potential reservoirs for beneficial insects that could enhance pollinator populations and crop pollination in commercial apple orchards. However, the effect of proximity to natural habitat and floral enhancement treatments on crop pollinators and yield are yet to be fully tested in southern temperate regions. To elucidate the impact of enhanced floral resources to apple flower visitors and crop yield, we established small experimental patches of flowers in non-productive areas of commercial apple (Malus domestica) orchards in the CFR. Experimental orchards were embedded in landscapes with varying proportions of natural habitat within 1 km. We used pollinator exclusion experiments to determine the benefits of insect pollination on apple yield, quality and economic value. We found that the primary pollinators of apple flowers in the region is the endemic Cape honey bee, Apis mellifera capensis. Floral plantings enhanced overall pollinator abundance and honey bee flower visitation within the orchards, and positively affected apple size and economic value. Increased landscape complexity had a significantly positive effect on wild bees but not on honey bees. Synthesis and applications. We demonstrate that presence of floral plantings within orchards enhances pollinator activity within apple orchards and apple quality. This sustainable management practice may represent a profitable choice for growers, which could increase pollination services while reducing reliance on renting hives. These practices can indirectly contribute to increased landscape-scale resilience and connectivity, while also benefiting pollinators within the remaining natural habitat.

opencc-by-nd-4.0Dec 2012View details →

FIGURE 1 in Phytoseiid Mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) Of Tunisian Citrus Orchards: Catalogue, Biogeography And Key For Identification

FIGURE 1: Geographical distribution of the sampled orchards in Tunisia.

opennotspecifiedOct 2016View details →

FIGURE 4 in Sustainable weed management and predatory mite (Acari: Phytoseiidae) dynamics in Tunisian citrus orchards

FIGURE 4: Mean Phytoseiidae densities (a) per citrus leaf, (b) per weed quadrat and (c) per trap for the two weeding modalities in three citrus species orchards of the experimental 2.

opennotspecifiedOct 2016View details →

FIGURE 3 in Sustainable weed management and predatory mite (Acari: Phytoseiidae) dynamics in Tunisian citrus orchards

FIGURE 3: Mean Phytoseiidae densities per date (a) per citrus leaf, (b) per weed quadrat and (c) per trap for the four weeding modalities in the experimental site 1.

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Preserving wintering frugivorous birds in agro‐ecosystems under land use change: Lessons from intensive and super-intensive olive orchards

Fleshy-fruit production is becoming more intensive worldwide, but how this affects frugivorous birds is poorly known. In the Mediterranean region, intensive and super-intensive olive orchards are fast expanding, potentially affecting millions of wintering songbirds. Here we test the idea that intensification may benefit frugivorous birds, at least locally, due to increased fruit availability, while negatively affecting the wider wintering bird community due to intensive management, structural simplification and landscape homogenisation. We estimated olive abundance and surveyed birds in early, mid- and late winter, at traditional, intensive, and super-intensive orchards in southern Portugal. We used Hierarchical Modelling of Species Communities to relate species richness, prevalence and abundance to management intensity, winter period, olive availability and landscape context, and evaluated the role of frugivory on observed responses. Olive availability was much higher throughout the winter in more intensive than in traditional orchards, both in trees and on the ground. Frugivorous bird abundance was higher in more intensive orchards, and the most abundant frugivorous species (blackcap, song thrush, robin) were positively affected by olive availability and/or increasing landscape cover by olive orchards, while intensification level had relatively minor effects after accounting for other variables. Non-frugivorous richness and abundance were higher in traditional orchards, and many non-frugivorous species were less prevalent in more intensive orchards or negatively affected by landscapes dominated by olive cultivation. Synthesis and applications. While negatively affecting the wider bird community, our results suggest that olive farming intensification can contribute to sustain large numbers of frugivorous birds in the Mediterranean region. As frugivorous birds are not seen as damaging by olive farmers, there is an opportunity to promote their conservation in intensive and super-intensive orchards, which requires management to increase habitat heterogeneity, and to reduce risks such as mortality associated with mechanical harvest and contamination with pesticide residues. Overall, we recommend that efforts to manage farmland biodiversity should consider the impacts and conservation opportunities of fruit crop intensification.

opencc-zeroOct 2021View details →

opennotspecifiedNov 2022View details →

FIGURE 4 in Contributions to the knowledge of the Cicadellini sharpshooters (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) associated with citrus orchards in Argentina

FIGURE 4. Female genitalia of Sonesimia grossa. A. Sternite VII, B. Sternite VIII, anterior view, C. pygofer, lateral view, D. Valvifer I, E. Valvifer II, F–G. Valvula I, lateral view: F. general aspect. G. apex, H–I Valvula II, lateral view: H. lateral aspect, I. apex, J. Gonoplac, lateral view. Scales= 0,5 mm.

opennotspecifiedNov 2022View details →

FIGURE 1 in Contributions to the knowledge of the Cicadellini sharpshooters (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) associated with citrus orchards in Argentina

FIGURE 1. Dorsal habitus Cicadellini species associated with citrus orchards in Argentina. A. Borogonalia impresscifrons, B. Bucepahlogonia xanthophis, C. Diedrocephala bimaculata, D. Dilobopterus costalimai, E. Erhythrogonia. dottaga, F. Fonsecaiulus sciotus, G. Macugonalia cavifrons, H. M. leucomelas, I. M. sobrina, J. Scopogonalia osteiphera, K. S. penicula, L. S. subolivacea, M. Sonesimia grossa, N. Scoposcartula limitata. Scales= 2mm.