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519 results for “organic soil”
Krummholz island size, soil inorganic, and organic property data for Saddle, S slope of Niwot Ridge, 1994.
Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) tree islands modify the characteristics of surface soils in alpine tundra. Soil C content of the approximate A horizon (top 15 cm) of soil was measured during the summer of 1994 on windward, leeward, upslope and downslope sides, and interiors of tree islands on Niwot Ridge, Colorado, USA. A subset of samples from these sites were also used for CHN analysis and were measured for total phosphorus using persulfate digestions and colorimetric measurements. Results indicate significant (p<.0001) reductions of percent of dry mass represented by C in soil and significant (p<.04) declines in absolute C storage among soils on the windward sides of tree islands as compared to the upslope and downslope controls, and a tendency for reduced C on the leeward sides as well. Surface organic matter (O horizon) accumulations averaging 9.6 +/- 1.02 kg/m^2 are found in the interior of tree islands, but this material, in addition to roots, is not stabilized in the A horizons of soil. The movement of tree islands can therefore be regarded as disturbances to soil building processes in alpine tundra. Timberline forest and adjacent tundra patches of similar aspect and slope were also sampled for comparisons of soil C content. Results indicated similar C storage beneath trees and tundra at this lower elevation. The wind-induced movement of tree islands across the tundra creates enhanced snowpack within the trees and on their leeward sides. Shading and moisture conditions of the soil are altered, leading to C deposition and decomposition dynamics which differ from that of unimpacted tundra surface soils. However, at timberline, adjacent tundra lacks the ability to exhibit the enhanced C storage of alpine tundra at higher elevations. Snowpack within trees and adjacent tundra at timberline may be relatively constant such that biophysical factors affecting soil characteristics are relatively unchanged by plant life-form.
Data from: Soil organic carbon stability in forests: distinct effects of tree species identity and traits
Rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations have increased interest in the potential for forest ecosystems and soils to act as carbon (C) sinks. While soil organic C contents often vary with tree species identity, little is known about if, and how, tree species influence the stability of C in soil. Using a 40‐year‐old common garden experiment with replicated plots of eleven temperate tree species, we investigated relationships between soil organic matter (SOM) stability in mineral soils and 17 ecological factors (including tree tissue chemistry, magnitude of organic matter inputs and their turnover, microbial community descriptors, and soil physico‐chemical properties). We measured five SOM stability indices, including heterotrophic respiration, C in aggregate‐occluded particulate organic matter (POM) and mineral‐associated SOM, and bulk SOM δ15N and ∆14C. The stability of SOM varied substantially among tree species and this variability was independent of the amount of organic C in soils. Thus, when considering forest soils as C sinks, the stability of C stocks must be considered in addition to their size. Further, our results suggest tree species regulate soil C stability via the composition of their tissues, especially roots. Stability of SOM appeared to be greater (as indicated by higher δ15N and reduced respiration) beneath species with higher concentrations of nitrogen and lower amounts of acid‐insoluble compounds in their roots, while SOM stability appeared to be lower (as indicated by higher respiration and lower proportions of C in aggregate‐occluded POM) beneath species with higher tissue calcium contents. The proportion of C in mineral‐associated SOM and bulk soil ∆14C, though, were negligibly dependent on tree species traits, likely reflecting an insensitivity of some SOM pools to decadal‐scale shifts in ecological factors. Strategies aiming to increase soil C stocks may thus focus on particulate C pools, which can more easily be manipulated and are most sensitive to climate change.
Quantification of soil organic carbon: the challenge of biochar-induced spatial heterogeneity
<p>R-script and output from model on spatially discrete biochar application and its influence on representative SOC sampling. An additional document to explain the data curation is also available ("Comment on Data curation").</p><p> </p>
Soil organic carbon loss decreases biodiversity but stimulates multitrophic interactions that promote belowground metabolism
<p>Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays an essential role in mediating community structure and metabolic activities of belowground biota. Unraveling the evolution of belowground communities and their feedback mechanisms on SOC dynamics helps embed the ecology of soil microbiome into carbon cycling, which serves to improve biodiversity conservation and carbon management strategy under global change. Here, croplands with a SOC gradient were used to understand how belowground metabolisms and SOC decomposition were linked to the diversity, composition, and co-occurrence networks of belowground communities encompassing archaea, bacteria, fungi, protists, and invertebrates. As SOC decreased, the diversity of prokaryotes and eukaryotes also decreased, but their network complexity showed contrasting patterns: prokaryotes increased due to intensified niche overlap, while that of eukaryotes decreased possibly because of greater dispersal limitation owing to the breakdown of macro aggregates. Despite the decrease in biodiversity and SOC stocks, the belowground metabolic capacity was enhanced as indicated by increased enzyme activity and decreased enzymatic stoichiometric imbalance. This could, in turn, expedite carbon loss through respiration, particularly in the slow-cycling pool. The enhanced belowground metabolic capacity was dominantly driven by greater multitrophic network complexity and particularly negative (competitive and predator-prey) associations, which fostered the stability of the belowground metacommunity. Interestingly, soil abiotic conditions including pH, aeration, and nutrient stocks, exhibited a less significant role. Overall, this study reveals a greater need for soil C resources across multitrophic levels to maintain metabolic functionality as declining SOC results in biodiversity loss. Our researchers highlight the importance of integrating belowground biological processes into models of SOC turnover, to improve agroecosystem functioning and carbon management in the face of intensifying anthropogenic land-use and climate change.</p>
Data from: The effect of drainage on the fine root biomass, production, and turnover in hemiboreal old-growth forests on organic soils
<p>Information on the capacity of organic soils to capture and store carbon in old-growth forests in the hemiboreal forest zone is scarce and fragmented. However, fine root data can provide valuable insights into soil carbon fluxes. Thus, the aim of the current study was to provide estimates of the fine root biomass (FRB), fine root production (FRP), and fine root turnover (FRT) rate by tree species and other functional groups in old-growth (stand age 131–179 years) forests on mesotrophic organic soils dominated by Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), with (drained mesotrophic organic soil) and without (undrained mesotrophic organic soil) the effects of forest drainage. The sequential soil coring method was used to estimate the FRB and FRP. The total FRB (sum of the FRB of all functional groups) was significantly higher in the undrained sites (6.8±0.3 t ha 1) than in the drained sites (3.97±0.1 t ha 1). The FRB of Scots pine in the undrained forest was significantly higher (1.7±0.1 t ha 1) than in the drained forest (0.5±0.1 t ha 1), supporting an extensive foraging strategy. The significantly higher mean FRB of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) (1.4±0.1 t ha 1) in the drained sites than the undrained sites (0.7±0.2 t ha-1) can be explained by there being a higher proportion of spruce in the stand compositions, thus a higher standing volume (cubic meters per hectare) of this species and an increased FRB. The FRB of dwarf shrubs (2.43±0.2 t ha-1) formed the largest part of the total FRB in the undrained sites and the second largest (1.16±0.1 t ha-1), following Norway spruce, in the drained sites. The total FRP was similar between the undrained (2.05±0.31 t ha-1 yr-1) and drained (1.82±0.26 t ha-1 yr-1) stands. However, considerable variability in the FRP was observed between different sites of the same forest site type. The FRT rate of Scots pine was twice as high in the drained sites than the undrained sites, suggesting faster nutrient and carbon input into the drained soil compared to the undrained soil. Estimates of FRB, FRP, and FRT rate for different functional groups can be used in carbon-cycle modeling and in further calculations to estimate the carbon budget (balance) in forests on organic soils.</p>
Figure 1 in Lessons from the WBF2020: extrinsic and intrinsic value of soil organisms
Figure 1. (A) The World Biodiversity Forum was held high up in the snowy Alps in Davos. Credit: Marianne Darbi. (B) Participants of the House of Commons style debate. Participants discussed whether they thought biodiversity was declining. Credit: Marten Winter
The Editors-in-Chief of SOIL ORGANISMS: Prof. Dr. Willi Xylander (Görlitz) and Prof. Dr. Nico Eisenhauer (Leipzig). in SOIL ORGANISMS - an international open access journal on the taxonomic and functional biodiversity in the soil
The Editors-in-Chief of SOIL ORGANISMS: Prof. Dr. Willi Xylander (Görlitz) and Prof. Dr. Nico Eisenhauer (Leipzig).
Sorption of Colored vs Noncolored Organic Matter by Tidal Marsh Soils
<p>Supplemental Files for Biogeosciences article:<br>Sorption of Colored vs Noncolored Organic Matter by Tidal Marsh Soils<br>Patrick J Neale, J Patrick Megonigal, Maria Tzortziou, Elizabeth A Canuel, Christina R. Pondell, Hannah K. Morrissette</p> <p>Contents:</p> <p>Plots of measured DOC in incubation solutions vs absorption coefficient at 355 nm (a355), showing linear regression line and equation. Equation slope is the inverse of the specific absorbance of colored dissolved organic carbon (CDOC) and intercept is the background level of non-colored dissolved organic carbon (NCDOC). See table 1 of Neale et al. (2023) for listing of all slopes, intercepts and r2.</p> <p>Labels - KM - Kirkpatrick Marsh (GCREW)<br> JugBay - Jug Bay<br> Task - Taskinas Marsh<br> Wach - Wachapreague Marsh</p> <p>00, 10, 20, 35 - incubation salinities</p> <p>Pre - Pre-incubation - measurements on standard solutions at the start of the incubations<br>Post - Post-incubation - measurements on filtrate after the incubation</p> <p>V2 - Plots for Pre were updated. v1 plots were incorrect for Pre</p>
scmcclelland/joint-mediation-study: Data, Analysis, and Figure Scripts for "Soil organic carbon sequestration jointly-mediated by plants and microbes after compost application"
<p>This repository contains data, analysis, and figure scripts to create findings from the manuscript "Soil organic carbon sequestration jointly-mediated by plants and microbes after compost application" currently under minor revisions.</p> <p>This release includes updated code, primarily improvements to figures, and a new script for a supplementary map figure.</p>
Soil health explains the yield-stabilizing effects of soil organic matter under drought
<p>Supporting data for Mahmood, S., Nunes, M.R., Kane, D.A., and Lin, Y. Soil health explains the yield-stabilizing effects of soil organic matter under drought. <i>Soil & Environmental Health</i>. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seh.2023.100048</p><p>Meta-data are contained in files with names ending with 'metadata.' </p><ul><li>'all_data.csv' contains all the county-level data.</li><li>'yield_deficit.csv' contains the mean county-wise yield deficit data.</li></ul>
Total data for global pattern of organic carbon pools in forest soil
<p>Understanding the mechanisms of soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in forests is vital to ecosystem carbon budgeting, and helps gain insight in the functioning and sustainable management of world forests. An explicit knowledge of the mechanisms driving global SOC sequestration in forests is still lacking because of the complex interplays between climate, soil and forest type in influencing SOC pool size and stability. Based on a synthesis of 1179 observations from 292 studies across global forests, we quantified the relative importance of climate, soil property and forest type on total SOC content and the specific contents of physical (particulate vs. mineral-associated SOC) and chemical (labile vs. recalcitrant SOC) pools in upper 10 cm mineral soils, as well as SOC stock in the O horizons. The variability in the total SOC content of the mineral soils was better explained by climate (47~60%) and soil factors (26%~50%) than by NPP (10~20%). The total SOC content and contents of particulate (POC) and recalcitrant SOC (ROC) of the mineral soils all decreased with increasing mean annual temperature because SOC decomposition overrides the C replenishment under warmer climate. The content of mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) was influenced by temperature, which directly affected microbial activity. Additionally, the presence of clay and iron oxides physically protected SOC by forming MAOC. The SOC stock in the O horizons was larger in the temperate zone and Mediterranean regions than in the boreal and sub/tropical zones. Mixed forests had 64% larger SOC pools than either broadleaf or coniferous forests, because of i) higher productivity, and ii) litter input from different tree species resulting in diversification of molecular composition of SOC and microbial community. While climate, soil and forest type jointly determine the formation and stability of SOC, climate predominantly controls the global patterns of SOC pools in forest ecosystems.</p>
Database Manuscript Temperature and moisture are minor drivers of regional-scale soil organic carbon dynamics - Gonzalez Dominguez et al
<p>The database contained the data used in the manuscript <strong>Temperature and moisture are minor drivers of regional-scale soil organic carbon dynamics, by Gonzalez Dominguez et al. </strong></p>
Figure 3 in Organic farming and moderate tillage change the dominance and spatial structure of soil Collembola communities but have little effects on bulk abundance and species richness
Figure 3. Abundance, number of species and Berger-Parker index in samples in different management types and fields. Colors show fields. Boxplots show data distribution (n = 81 per field), horizontal lines represent the medians.
Figure 3 in Comparison of soil invertebrate communities in organic and conventional production systems in Southern Brazil
Figure 3. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) plot showing the relationship between macrofauna taxa (black text) and soil chemical and physical properties (red text) of samples taken in four land-use system in Quitandinha, Brazil. NF = Native forest, OH = Organic horticulture, RT = Reduced tillage, CH = Conventional horticulture.
Soil biota (earthworm, nematode and soil surface fauna) data of organic, permaculture and conventional horticultural farms of Central Hungary
<p>This dataset has been produced from the PhD research of Alfréd Szilágyi supervised by Csaba Centeri and Eszter Kovács Tormáné. The study compared permaculture, organic and conventional farming systems regarding their ecosystem-service provision potential and sustainability. Multiple ecological indicators were measured in the field during the field study in 2020, and the basic datasets (soil test results; photo gallery of the studied farms with soil core sample; soil resistance and moisture; decomposition; earthworms; nematodes; soil surface fauna; pollinators; agrobiodiversity and habitat types) are uploaded in Zenodo separately to provide scientific data on permaculture systems. In this way, we hope to contribute to international efforts to evaluate the performance of agroecological agriculture alternatives. These publications also serve as supplements to the PhD thesis. For the sake of further usability of the datasets short description of the used methods is described. For further information please contact the authors.</p>
Long-term biochar and soil organic carbon stability– Evidence from field experiments in Germany-ROW DATA
<p> Row data for researcher paper Long-term biochar and soil organic carbon stability– Evidence from field experiments in Germany</p>
Soil organic carbon models need independent time-series validation for reliable prediction
<p>Supplementary Data 1 to the paper: Soil organic carbon models need independent time-series validation for reliable prediction</p> <p>By: Le Noë, J., Manzoni, S., Abramoff, R.Z., Bölscher, T., Bruni, E., Cardinael, R., Ciais, P., Chenu, C., Clivot, H., Derrien, D., Ferchaud, F., Garnier, P., Goll, D., Lashermes, G., Martin, M.P., Rasse, D., Rees, F., Sainte-Marie, J., Salmon, E., Schiedung, M., Schimel, J., Wieder, W.R., Abiven, S., Barré, P., Cécillon, L., Guenet, B.</p>
Upscaling soil organic carbon measurements at the continental scale using multivariate clustering analysis and machine learning
<p><strong>Data Description</strong>:</p> <p>To improve SOC estimation in the United States, we upscaled site-based SOC measurements to the continental scale using multivariate geographic clustering (MGC) approach coupled with machine learning models. First, we used the MGC approach to segment the United States at 30 arc second resolution based on principal component information from environmental covariates (gNATSGO soil properties, WorldClim bioclimatic variables, MODIS biological variables, and physiographic variables) to 20 SOC regions. We then trained separate random forest model ensembles for each of the SOC regions identified using environmental covariates and soil profile measurements from the International Soil Carbon Network (ISCN) and an Alaska soil profile data. We estimated United States SOC for 0-30 cm and 0-100 cm depths were 52.6 + 3.2 and 108.3 + 8.2 Pg C, respectively.</p> <p>Files in collection (32):</p> <p>Collection contains 22 soil properties geospatial rasters, 4 soil SOC geospatial rasters, 2 ISCN site SOC observations csv files, and 4 R scripts</p> <p>gNATSGO TIF files:</p> <p>├── available_water_storage_30arc_30cm_us.tif [30 cm depth soil available water storage]<br> ├── available_water_storage_30arc_100cm_us.tif [100 cm depth soil available water storage]<br> ├── caco3_30arc_30cm_us.tif [30 cm depth soil CaCO3 content]<br> ├── caco3_30arc_100cm_us.tif [100 cm depth soil CaCO3 content]<br> ├── cec_30arc_30cm_us.tif [30 cm depth soil cation exchange capacity]<br> ├── cec_30arc_100cm_us.tif [100 cm depth soil cation exchange capacity]<br> ├── clay_30arc_30cm_us.tif [30 cm depth soil clay content]<br> ├── clay_30arc_100cm_us.tif [100 cm depth soil clay content]<br> ├── depthWT_30arc_us.tif [depth to water table]<br> ├── kfactor_30arc_30cm_us.tif [30 cm depth soil erosion factor]<br> ├── kfactor_30arc_100cm_us.tif [100 cm depth soil erosion factor]<br> ├── ph_30arc_100cm_us.tif [100 cm depth soil pH]<br> ├── ph_30arc_100cm_us.tif [30 cm depth soil pH]<br> ├── pondingFre_30arc_us.tif [ponding frequency]<br> ├── sand_30arc_30cm_us.tif [30 cm depth soil sand content]<br> ├── sand_30arc_100cm_us.tif [100 cm depth soil sand content]<br> ├── silt_30arc_30cm_us.tif [30 cm depth soil silt content]<br> ├── silt_30arc_100cm_us.tif [100 cm depth soil silt content]<br> ├── water_content_30arc_30cm_us.tif [30 cm depth soil water content]<br> └── water_content_30arc_100cm_us.tif [100 cm depth soil water content]</p> <p>SOC TIF files:</p> <p>├──30cm SOC mean.tif [30 cm depth soil SOC]<br> ├──100cm SOC mean.tif [100 cm depth soil SOC]<br> ├──30cm SOC CV.tif [30 cm depth soil SOC coefficient of variation]<br> └──100cm SOC CV.tif [100 cm depth soil SOC coefficient of variation]</p> <p>site observations csv files:</p> <p>ISCN_rmNRCS_addNCSS_30cm.csv 30cm ISCN sites SOC replaced NRCS sites with NCSS centroid removed data</p> <p>ISCN_rmNRCS_addNCSS_100cm.csv 100cm ISCN sites SOC replaced NRCS sites with NCSS centroid removed data</p> <p><br> <strong>Data format</strong>:</p> <p>Geospatial files are provided in Geotiff format in Lat/Lon WGS84 EPSG: 4326 projection at 30 arc second resolution.</p> <p><strong>Geospatial projection</strong>: </p> <pre><code>GEOGCS["GCS_WGS_1984", DATUM["D_WGS_1984", SPHEROID["WGS_1984",6378137,298.257223563]], PRIMEM["Greenwich",0], UNIT["Degree",0.017453292519943295]] (base) [jbk@theseus ltar_regionalization]$ g.proj -w GEOGCS["wgs84", DATUM["WGS_1984", SPHEROID["WGS_1984",6378137,298.257223563]], PRIMEM["Greenwich",0], UNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]] </code></pre> <p> </p>
Potassium fertilization effects on cereal yield and soil organic carbon in agricultural ecosystems at the global scale
<p>This dataset includes the raw data of a global meta-analysis study on the responses of cereal yield and soil organic carbon to potassium fertilization in agricultural ecosystems.</p>
Data from: Soil organic carbon stability in forests: distinct effects of tree species identity and traits
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