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Fig. 5 in Deep-water fossorial shrimps from the Oligocene Kiscell Clay of Hungary: Taxonomy and palaeoecology

Fig. 5. Minor chelae of fossorial shrimp Ctenocheles rupeliensis (Beurlen, 1939), Óbuda in Budapest, Late Kiscellian. A. Left minor propodus (HNHM M.59.4700). B. Right minor propodus (HNHM M.59.4869). C. Minor propodus articulated with dactylus (HNHM M.59.4691). D. Articulated left minor chela (HNHM M.59.4682). All specimens are paralectotypes selected herein. All specimens are figured to the same scale and were covered with ammonium chloride (except D) prior to photography. Photographs by MH.

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Fig. 2 in Deep-water fossorial shrimps from the Oligocene Kiscell Clay of Hungary: Taxonomy and palaeoecology

Fig. 2. Fossorial shrimp Lepidophthalmus crateriferus (Lőrenthey in Lőrenthey and Beurlen, 1929) comb. nov., Óbuda in Budapest, Late Kiscellian. A. Left major cheliped of presumed male (HNHM M.59.4684b). B. Isolated left major propodus (HNHM M.59.4690). C. Left major cheliped of presumed male (C 1); neotype herein designated (lectotype of Callianassa brevimanus Beurlen, 1939) (HNHM M.59.4684a). Detail of C 1 under different light angle showing carpus and merus (C 2). Line drawing of merus depicted in C 2 (C 3). Note presence of distal meral hook and blade (see also white arrows in A and C 1). D. Presumed female specimen with both chelae (HNHM M.59.4720). E. Imprint of mesial surface of right major propodus (HNHM M.59.4683). Note setal pits close to upper margin of the chela. All specimens except HNHM M.59.4684a are paralectotypes of C. brevimanus selected herein. All specimens are figured to the same scale and were covered with ammonium chloride (except C ) prior to photography. Photographs by MH.

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Fig. 3 in Deep-water fossorial shrimps from the Oligocene Kiscell Clay of Hungary: Taxonomy and palaeoecology

Fig. 3. Fossorial shrimp Lepidophthalmus crateriferus (Lőrenthey in Lőrenthey and Beurlen, 1929) comb. nov., Óbuda in Budapest, Late Kiscellian; presumed male morphotypes unless stated otherwise. A. Right major propodus (KGP-MH OT-007). B. Left major propodus articulated with dactylus of presumed female (KGP-MH OT-003). C. Left major propodus (KGP-MH OT-009). D. Left major propodus (KGP-MH OT-006). E. Fragmentary left major propodus (KGP-MH OT-008). F. Right major propodus (KGP-MH OT-010). G. Right major propodus (KGP-MH OT-001). H. Right major propodus of presumed female (KGP-MH OT-002). I. Right minor propodus of indeterminate sex (KGP-MH OT-011). J. Left major propodus of presumed female KGP-MH OT-005). K. Right minor propodus of indeterminate sex (KGP-MH OT-004). L. Left major dactylus (KGP-MH OT-017). M. Right major dactylus (KGP-MH OT-013). N. Right minor(?) dactylus (KGP-MH OT-012). O. Left major dactylus (KGP-MH OT-016). All elements are depicted in lateral aspect except D–F and J which are depicted in mesial view. All specimens are figured to the same scale and were covered with ammonium chloride prior to photography. Photographs by MH.

Fig. 11 in Middle Cambrian gogiid echinoderms from Northeast Spain: Taxonomy, palaeoecology, and palaeogeographic implications

Fig. 11. Palaeogeographic distribution of gogiids in the early and middle Cambrian; reconstruction after McKerrow et al. (1992).

Fig. 9 in Middle Cambrian gogiid echinoderms from Northeast Spain: Taxonomy, palaeoecology, and palaeogeographic implications

Fig. 9. Eocrinoid blastozoan Gogia parsleyi Zamora sp. nov. A. Paratype MPZ2008/162. Complete juvenile specimen (length of theca is about 5 mm); brachioles are spiralled and probably show a 2−2 pattern. B. Paratype MPZ2006/558a. Advanced juvenile specimen (length of theca is 11 mm). C. Paratype MPZ2008/164b. Fragment of theca with tessellated plates, epispires with characteristic rim. D. Paratype MPZ2008/161, upper part of theca. Photographs are of latex casts taken from natural moulds whitened with NH4Cl.

Fig. 7 in Middle Cambrian gogiid echinoderms from Northeast Spain: Taxonomy, palaeoecology, and palaeogeographic implications

Fig. 7. Details of element structures in eocrinoidean blastozoan Gogia parsleyi Zamora sp. nov. (SEM photos of latex casts). A. Fragment of a holdfast from the specimen MPZ2004/161, consisting of an aggregate of globular plates (A1), details of specimen (A2, A3). B. Internal view of a plate showing sutural pores of epispires (MPZ2004/225); general view of an isolated plate (B1), detail of the epispire (B2). C. External surface of a plate (MPZ2004/232) (C1), details of the epispires showing the raised rim and stereomic structures (C2, C3). Arrows indicate enlarged details.

Fig. 2 in Middle Cambrian gogiid echinoderms from Northeast Spain: Taxonomy, palaeoecology, and palaeogeographic implications

Fig. 2. Geological setting of the two discussed localities in the Iberian Chains (after Liñán et al. 2008). A. Pre−Hercynian outcrops and tectono−stratigraphic zones of the Iberian Peninsula; the Iberian Chains are framed. Zones: CZ, Cantabrian; WALZ, West Asturian−Leonese; GCZ, Galician−Castilian; ELAZ, East Lusitanian−Alcudian; OMZ, Ossa−Morena Zone; SPZ, South Portuguese. B. Pre−Hercynian outcrops and tectono−stratigraphic zones and units of the Iberian Chains; Murero and Purujosa (indicated by stars) (Modified from Gozalo and Liñán 1988).

Fig. 1 in Middle Cambrian gogiid echinoderms from Northeast Spain: Taxonomy, palaeoecology, and palaeogeographic implications

Fig. 1. Holotype (MGM2005K) of gogiid echinoderm Alanisicystis andalusiae Ubaghs and Vizcaïno, 1991 from the lower Cambrian of the Ossa Morena zone (South Spain). Photograph of latex cast whitened with NH4Cl.

Fig. 8 in Middle Cambrian gogiid echinoderms from Northeast Spain: Taxonomy, palaeoecology, and palaeogeographic implications

Fig. 8. Camera lucida drawings of eocrinoid blastozoan Gogia parsleyi Zamora sp. nov. A. General view of the paratype MPZ2004/161, detached holdfast below. B. Thecal plate, half−epispires with their prominent rim indicated. C. Two brachioles on a single thecal plate. D. Biserial brachiole terminally enrolled. E. Epispire covered by a single domal plate. F. Epispire covered by tiny plates. G. Spiralled brachiole.

Fig. 3 in Middle Cambrian gogiid echinoderms from Northeast Spain: Taxonomy, palaeoecology, and palaeogeographic implications

Fig. 3. Sections of the middle Cambrian Murero Formation in Murero and Purujosa indicating the levels with Gogia sp. and Gogia parsleyi Zamora sp. nov.

Fig. 4. A–E in Middle Cambrian gogiid echinoderms from Northeast Spain: Taxonomy, palaeoecology, and palaeogeographic implications

Fig. 4. A–E. Eocrinoid blastozoan Gogia parsleyi Zamora sp. nov. A. Paratype MPZ2006/556a, b; part (A1) and counterpart (A2) of a slightly disturbed small specimen attached to a free cheek of Eccaparadoxides sp. fragment. The arrow indicates where the holdfast attaches to the trilobite element. B. MPZ2006/559b; accumulation of disarticulated plates from eocrinoids (Gogia parsleyi Zamora sp. nov.) and cinctans. C. Paratype MPZ2006/557a, b; nearly complete specimen with thecal plates slightly disturbed. D. Paratype MPZ2004/215; partial theca with ornamented plates and a very short holdfast (indicated by the arrow). E. Paratype MPZ2004/214; specimen with an almost complete theca. F, G. Gogia sp. F. MPZ2004/194a; partly complete specimen with a possible periproct on the lateral surface (see white arrow). G. MPZ2004/195a, b; partially disarticulated specimen (G1), counterpart of the same specimen (G2), detail of two adjoined plates with epispires (G3). Photographs of latex casts whitened with NH4Cl.

Fig. 6 in Middle Cambrian gogiid echinoderms from Northeast Spain: Taxonomy, palaeoecology, and palaeogeographic implications

Fig. 6. Reconstruction of eocrinoidean blastozoan Gogia parsleyi Zamora sp. nov. (by Santiago Alberto, after a sketch by SZ), based on the holotype MPZ2004/162a. The holdfast, not preserved in the holotype, is reconstructed based on paratypes MPZ2004/161 and MPZ2004/215.

Fig. 5 in Middle Cambrian gogiid echinoderms from Northeast Spain: Taxonomy, palaeoecology, and palaeogeographic implications

Fig. 5. Slab with two nearly complete, articulated and exquisitely preserved specimens of eocrinoid blastozoan Gogia parsleyi Zamora sp. nov., with some isolated plates belonging to cinctan carpoids. Both specimens probably represent an early mature stage (TH = 12 mm). The left specimen (holotype MPZ2004/162a) shows many of the diagnostic features referred to in the text. The right specimen (paratype MPZ2004/161a) shows the holdfast separated from the theca (indicated by an arrow). Photograph of latex cast whitened with NH4Cl.

Fig. 7 in Early ontogeny and palaeoecology of the Mid-Miocene rissoid gastropods of the Central Paratethys

Fig. 7. Four species of Alvania (Alvania) Risso, 1826. A. Alvania (Alvania) oceani (d'Orbigny, 1852). Specimen (NHMW 2002z0030/0012) from the Badenian of Steinebrunn, Lower Austria (A1). Protoconch of the same specimen as in A1 in lateral view (A2). The protoconch is terminated by a slightly thickened, fractionated sinusigera notch. B. Alvania (Alvania) perregularis (Sacco, 1895). Specimen (NHMW 2002z0030/0013) from the Early Badenian of Sedlec/Nový Rybník, Czech Republic (B2). Lateral and apical view of the protoconch of the same specimen as in B2 (B1, B3). The protoconch is terminated by a sinusigera notch. Detailed apical view of the initial whorl of the same protoconch as in B3 (B4). The embryonic shell consists of one inflated whorl, which is terminated by a thickened rim, reflecting the thickened apertural margin of the hatchling. C. Alvania (Alvania) transiens (Sacco, 1895). Specimen (NHMW 2002z0030/0014) from the Badenian of Steinebrunn, Lower Austria (C1). Protoconch of the same specimen as in C1 in lateral and apical view (C2, C3). The larval shell is sculptured by spiral rows of tubercles. It is terminated by a well developed sinusigera notch. D. Alvania (Alvania) schwartzi (Hörnes, 1865). Specimen (NHMW 2002z0030/0015) from the Badenian of Steinebrunn, Lower Austria (D2). Lateral and apical views of the protoconch of the same specimen as in D2 (D1, D3, D4). The protoconch is terminated by a well developed sinusigera notch. Detailed view of the initial whorl of the same protoconch as in D4 (D5). The embryonic shell is demarcated from the subsequent larval shell by a thickened rim.

Fig. 10 in Early ontogeny and palaeoecology of the Mid-Miocene rissoid gastropods of the Central Paratethys

Fig. 10. Two species of Mohrensternia Stoliczka, 1868. A, B. Mohrensternia inflata (Hörnes, 1856). A. Specimen (NHMW 2002z0029/0005) from the Early Sarmatian of Hollabrunn. B. Specimen (NHMW 2002z0029/0006) from the Early Sarmatian of Vienna−Nussdorf. Protoconch in lateral (B2) and apical (B3) views. The embryonic shell is separated from the subsequent larval shell by a slightly thickened rim. The onset of the teleoconch is indicated by the formation of weak axial folds, grading into regular axial ribs. C. Mohrensterniamoesinensis Jekelius, 1944. Specimen (collection A. Papp, NHMW 2002z0029/ 0008) from the Early Sarmatian of Eichkogel (C1). Lateral views of the protoconch of the same specimen as in C1 (C2, C3). The protoconch is terminated by a slightly projecting rim, which is slightly thickened in its adapical portion. Detailed apical view of the initial whorl of the same protoconch as in C3 (C4). The embryonic shell has fine spiral sculpture and it is terminated by a slightly thickened rim.

Fig. 6 in Early ontogeny and palaeoecology of the Mid-Miocene rissoid gastropods of the Central Paratethys

Fig. 6. Four species of Alvania (Alvania) Risso, 1826. A. Alvania (Alvania) mamillata (Risso, 1826). Specimen (NHMW 2002z0030/0008), Recent, from the Adriatic Sea (A1). Apical and lateral views of the protoconch of the same specimen (A2, A3). Thickened, closely spaced growth lines are terminating the protoconch. The onset of the teleoconch is indicated by the formation of a regular reticulate sculpture. B. Alvania (Alvania) montagui (Payraudeau, 1826). Specimen (NHMW 2002z0030/0009), Recent, from the Adriatic Sea (B1). Lateral views of the protoconch of the same specimen (B2, B3). The protoconch is terminated by a slightly thickened sinuous rim and a subsequent slight incision. C. Alvania (Alvania) curta (Dujardin, 1837). Specimen (NHMW 2002z/0030/0010) from the Early Badenian of Sedlec/Nový Rybník, Czech Republic (C1). Protoconch of the same specimen in lateral view (C2). The protoconch is terminated by a well−developed sinusigera notch. D. Alvania (Alvania) ampulla (Eichwald, 1853). Specimen (NHMW 2002z0030/0011) from the Badenian of Steinebrunn, Lower Austria (D1). Lateral view of the protoconch of the same specimen as in D1 (D2). The protoconch is terminated by a sinusigera notch which is thickened in its adapical portion. Detailed apical view of the embryonic shell of the same protoconch as in D2 (D3). The embryonic shell is sculptured by fine spiral threads and it is terminated by an indistinct rim on the shell.

Fig. 2 in Early ontogeny and palaeoecology of the Mid-Miocene rissoid gastropods of the Central Paratethys

Fig. 2. General map of Austria (A) with position of the studied area i.e., Vienna Basin, the Styrian Basin and the Molasse Basin (B). Stars that indicate outcrops with Badenian and Sarmatian rissoid faunas are plotted on a tentative reconstruction of the Early Sarmatian shoreline (grey areas indicate land).

Fig. 5 in Early ontogeny and palaeoecology of the Mid-Miocene rissoid gastropods of the Central Paratethys

Fig. 5. Two species of Rissoa Desmarest, 1814. A. Rissoa similis Scacchi, 1836. Specimen (NHMW 2002z0030/0005), Recent, from the Adriatic Sea (A1). Protoconch of the same specimen in lateral view (A2). B. Rissoa costeiensis sp. nov. Holotype (NHMW 2002z0030/0006) from the Badenian of Coştei, Romania (B1). Protoconch of the same specimen in lateral and apical views (B2, B3). The protoconch is terminated by closely spaced, sinuous, thickened growth lines. The onset of the teleoconch is indicated by a prominent incision of the whorl.

Fig. 4 in Early ontogeny and palaeoecology of the Mid-Miocene rissoid gastropods of the Central Paratethys

Fig. 4. Four species of Rissoa Desmarest, 1814. A. Rissoa turricula Eichwald, 1853. Specimen (collection A. Papp, NHMW 2002z0030/0001) from the Early Sarmatian of Waldhof/Styria (A1). Protoconch of the same specimen in lateral view (A2). The protoconch is terminated by a thickened rim, reflecting the thickened apertural margin of the veliger ready for metamorphosis. B. Rissoa parva (Da Costa, 1778). Specimen (NHMW 2002z0030/0002), Recent, from the Northern Adriatic Sea (B1). Protoconch of the same specimen in lateral view (B2). The protoconch is terminated by a prominent slightly sinuous, thickened rim. C. Rissoa acuticosta (Sacco, 1895). Specimen (NHMW 2002z0030/0003) from the Badenian of Steinebrunn, Lower Austria (C1). Apical and lateral view of the protoconch of the same specimen (C2, C3). The protoconch is terminated by sinuous, closely spaced, thickened growth lines. D. Rissoa clotho Hörnes, 1856. Specimen (NHMW 2002z0030/0004) from the Badenian of Steinebrunn, Lower Austria (D1). Protoconch of the same specimen in lateral view (D2). The protoconch is terminated by an indistinct, very fine thickened rim on the shell. Regular closely spaced growth lines indicate the onset of the teleoconch.

Fig. 9 in Early ontogeny and palaeoecology of the Mid-Miocene rissoid gastropods of the Central Paratethys

Fig. 9. Four species of Mohrensternia Stoliczka, 1868. A, B. Mohrensternia angulata Eichwald, 1853. Specimen (NHMW 2002z0029/0001) from the Early Sarmatian of Lednicé, Czech Republic (A1). Protoconch of the same specimen as in A1 in apical view (A2). The onset of the teleoconch is indicated by the formation of wavy axial folds which grade into axial ribs. B. Apex fragment of the specimen (NHMW 2002z0029/0001) from the Early Sarmatian of Lednicé, Czech Republic. C. Mohrensternia banatica (Jekelius, 1944). Specimen (NHMW 2002z0029/0002) from the Early Sarmatian of Eichkogel/ Mödling, Vienna Basin (Austria) (C1). Apical and lateral view of the protoconch of the same specimen as in C1 (C2, C3). The protoconch is terminated by a slightly thickened rim. Detailed view of the embryonic shell of the same protoconch as in C3 (C4). The embryonic shell is well separated from the larval shell by a marked incision and a subsequent thickened rim. D. Mohrensternia hollabrunnensis sp. nov. Holotype (NHMW 2002z0029/0003) from the Early Sarmatian of Hollabrunn (Molasse Basin, Lower Austria) (D1). Lateral and apical view of the protoconch of the same specimen (D2, D3). E, F. Mohrensternia hydrobioides Hilber, 1897. Specimen (NHMW 2002z0029/0004) from the Early Sarmatian of Waldhof, Styria/Austria (E1). Apical view of the initial whorl of the same specimen (E2). F. Specimen (collection A. Papp, NHMW 2002z0029/0004) from the Early Sarmatian of Siebenhirten (F1). Protoconch of the same specimen in lateral view (F2).