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193 results for “parsimony”
FIGURE 3. Most-parsimonious cladogram derived from 12S in A systematic review of the genus Chasmodes (Teleostei: Perciformes: Blenniidae)
FIGURE 3. Most-parsimonious cladogram derived from 12S DNA sequences from ten blenniid species. Length = 179 steps, CI = 0.65, RI = 0.85. In cases where multiple specimens of a species are present, collection numbers are listed. Support values are to left of nodes, bootstrap values above and Bremer support values below.
FIGURE 21. Maximum parsimony 16S rRNA phylogram for the Boophis albipunctatus group. From 485 total characters, 391 were constant and 72 in Integrative taxonomy of Malagasy treefrogs: combination of molecular genetics, bioacoustics and comparative morphology reveals twelve additional species of Boophis 2383
FIGURE 21. Maximum parsimony 16S rRNA phylogram for the Boophis albipunctatus group. From 485 total characters, 391 were constant and 72 parsimony informative. MP searches retained 26 trees of which a strict consensus is shown. Consensus support values higher than 50, from 2000 bootstrap replicates, are shown; an asterisk indicates Bayesian posterior probabilities equal or higher than 95%. Species newly described herein are in bold.
FIGURE 7. Maximum parsimony 16S in Integrative taxonomy of Malagasy treefrogs: combination of molecular genetics, bioacoustics and comparative morphology reveals twelve additional species of Boophis 2383
FIGURE 7. Maximum parsimony 16S rRNA phylogram of species of the Boophis goudoti group. From 510 total characters, 340 were constant and 130 parsimony informative. MP searches retained 3681 trees of which a strict consensus is shown. Consensus support values higher than 50, from 2000 bootstrap replicates, are shown; an asterisk indicates Bayesian posterior probabilities equal or higher than 95%. Species newly described or resurrected herein are in bold.
FIGURE 1. Maximum parsimony 16S in Integrative taxonomy of Malagasy treefrogs: combination of molecular genetics, bioacoustics and comparative morphology reveals twelve additional species of Boophis 2383
FIGURE 1. Maximum parsimony 16S rRNA phylogram for species in the Boophis majori and B. microtympanum groups. From 480 total characters, 336 were constant and 129 parsimony informative. MP searches retained 39 trees of which a strict consensus is shown. Consensus support values higher than 50, from 2000 bootstrap replicates, are shown; an asterisk indicates Bayesian posterior probabilities equal or higher than 95%. Species newly described or resurrected herein are in bold.
FIGURE 18. Maximum parsimony 16S in Integrative taxonomy of Malagasy treefrogs: combination of molecular genetics, bioacoustics and comparative morphology reveals twelve additional species of Boophis 2383
FIGURE 18. Maximum parsimony 16S rRNA phylogram for species in the Boophis luteus group. From 470 total characters, 347 were constant and 111 parsimony informative. MP searches retained 60 trees of which a strict consensus is shown. Consensus support values higher than 50, from 2000 bootstrap replicates, are shown; an asterisk indicates Bayesian posterior probabilities equal or higher than 95%. The species newly described herein is in bold.
FIGURE 16. Maximum parsimony 16S in Integrative taxonomy of Malagasy treefrogs: combination of molecular genetics, bioacoustics and comparative morphology reveals twelve additional species of Boophis 2383
FIGURE 16. Maximum parsimony 16S rRNA phylogram for species in the Boophis albilabris group. From 535 total characters, 445 were constant and 35 parsimony informative. MP searches retained 6 trees of which a strict consensus is shown. Consensus support values higher than 50, from 2000 bootstrap replicates, are shown; an asterisk indicates Bayesian posterior probabilities equal or higher than 95%. The species newly described herein is in bold.
Figure 5. Most parsimonious tree obtained after analysis 1 in Early fossils illuminate character evolution and interrelationships of Lampridiformes (Teleostei, Acanthomorpha)
Figure 5. Most parsimonious tree obtained after analysis 1 (with only the ten extant taxa included). Numbers above branches are Bremer indexes; tree length = 107 steps; consistency index, CI = 0.64; retention index, RI = 0.71.
Figure 10. Haplotype parsimonious networks constructed from cytochrome c oxidase subunit I in A new genus of large hydrothermal vent-endemic gastropod (Neomphalina: Peltospiridae)
Figure 10. Haplotype parsimonious networks constructed from cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequences of 30 specimens of: A, Gigantopelta chessoia sp. nov.; B, Gigantopelta aegis sp. nov. Open circles are represented haplotypes, number inside the circles and sizes of the circles correspond to number of individuals sharing the haplotype. Filled circles are hypothesized intermediate haplotypes that are not represented by sequences.
Figure 104. Most parsimonious tree obtained from the analysis using 68 in The tribe Bryocorini (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Bryocorinae): phylogeny, description of a new genus, and adaptive radiation on ferns
Figure 104. Most parsimonious tree obtained from the analysis using 68 morphological characters (tree length = 213 steps; consistency index, CI = 0.52; retention index, RI = 0.79). Characters are plotted showing fast optimization. Filled circles, non-homoplastic characters mapped by state (discontinuous characters are mapped as homoplasy); open circles, homoplastic characters. Nodes 1–15 are discussed in the text.
Bayesian morphological clock versus parsimony: An insight into the relationships and dispersal events of postvacuum Cricetidae (Rodentia, Mammalia)
<p>Establishing an evolutionary timescale is fundamental for tackling a great variety of topics in evolutionary biology, including the reconstruction of patterns of historical biogeography, coevolution and diversification<span>. </span>However, the tree of life is pruned by extinction and very generally molecular data cannot be gathered for extinct lineages. Methodological challenges have prevented until recently the application of tip-dating Bayesian approaches in morphology-based fossil-only datasets. Herein we present a morphological dataset for a group of cricetid rodents to which we apply a battery of methods fairly new in palaeontology that can be used by palaeontologists for the analysis of entirely extinct clades. We compare the tree topologies obtained by traditional parsimony, Bayesian dated and undated phylogenetic approaches and calculate stratigraphic congruence indices for each. Bayesian tip-dated clock methods seem to outperform parsimony in the case of our dataset, which includes highly homoplastic morphological characters. Regardless, all three topologies support the monophyly of Megacricetodontinae, Democricetodontinae and Cricetodontinae. Dispersal and speciation events inferred through Bayesian Binary Markov chain Monte Carlo and biodiversity analyses provide evidence for a correlation between biogeographic events, climatic changes and diversification in cricetids.</p>
Figure 10. The most parsimonious tree that resulted from the phylogenetic analysis, with 509 in The cranial morphology of the temnospondyl Australerpeton cosgriffi (Tetrapoda: Stereospondyli) from the Middle-Late Permian of Paraná Basin and the phylogenetic relationships of Rhinesuchidae
Figure 10. The most parsimonious tree that resulted from the phylogenetic analysis, with 509 steps, depicting the position of Australerpeton cosgriffi. Decay indices (Bremer support) with values above 1 are given below the nodes. Bootstrap percentages are given after the Bremer support values (ins) for clades with values above 50%.
Figures 3–4. Optimal trees obtained under parsimony analyses. Fig. 3 in Phylogenetic analysis of Micrathena and Chaetacis spiders (Araneae: Araneidae) reveals multiple origins of extreme sexual size dimorphism and long abdominal spines
Figures 3–4. Optimal trees obtained under parsimony analyses. Fig. 3. Unweighted analysis [length = 575.3; consistency index (CI) = 0.305; retention index (RI) = 0.693]. Fig. 4. Implied weighted analysis (k = 5; length = 579.718; fit = 105; CI = 0.303; RI = 0.689). Bremer supports and symmetric resampling values are indicated below and above branches, respectively. Symmetric resampling values are given in frequency differences (GC; Goloboff et al., 2003).
Figure 41. The single most parsimonious tree from Figure 40 in The Lower Jurassic ornithischian dinosaur Heterodontosaurus tucki Crompton & Charig, 1962: cranial anatomy, functional morphology, taxonomy, and relationships
Figure 41. The single most parsimonious tree from Figure 40, subjected to minor branch swapping (using Mac- Clade) within the clade Cerapoda [Hypsilophodon, Ankylopollexia, Pachycephalosauridae, and Psittacosauridae]; this part of the tree is not the principal focus of the formal analysis. Tree length: 310 steps. N.B. 'BMNH A100' has recently been formally renumbered NHMUK RU A100.
FIGURE. 2. Most parsimonious tree obtained from the analysis using implied weights, K in A phylogenetic study of the relationships within Mirinae subfamily (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae) based on specimens from Northern Iran: Insight into analyses of genera complexes
FIGURE. 2. Most parsimonious tree obtained from the analysis using implied weights, K= 8. Node numbers correspond to nodes in the results section. Filled circles represent non-homoplasious characters, and open circles represent homoplasious characters.
FIGURE 4. Seven topologically parsimonious constrained trees retrieved from cladistic analysis using a in On the first Baryonychinae (Theropoda, Spinosauridae) teeth from South America
FIGURE 4. Seven topologically parsimonious constrained trees retrieved from cladistic analysis using a dentition-based data matrix (tree length = 1318; CI = 0.198; RI = 0.466), Bremer support is displayed below each node; LPUFS specimens (bold) are recovered within the Spinosauridae clade. Theropod silhouette from phylopic.org, see acknowledgements.
FIGURE 1. The most parsimonious trees obtained from a in Taxonomy and phylogeny of Fusarium houttuyniae and F. liriopes spp. nov. (Hypocreales, Nectriaceae) from China
FIGURE 1. The most parsimonious trees obtained from a heuristic search of combined cmdA, rpb2, tef1 and tub2, sequence data for the Fusarium oxysporum complex (FOSC) group. Fusarium udum (CBS 177. 31) is used as the outgroup taxon. The MP bootstrap values ≥ 50%, ML bootstraps ≥ 70%, and Bayesian posterior probabilities ≥ 0.90 (MPBS/MLBS/BYPP) are given at the nodes. New collections obtained in this study are in red.
FIGURE 11. Most parsimonious cladogram obtained for Thyroptera Spix, 1823. A in Hershkovitzia (Diptera: Nycteribiidae): revision, phylogeny, and cophylogeny
FIGURE 11. Most parsimonious cladogram obtained for Thyroptera Spix, 1823. A. Cladogram with DELTRAN optimization of the characters (L=64, CI=62, RI=61). B. Same, with numbers above the branches indicating Bootstrap support and numbers below the branches indicating decay index (Bremer support).
Data from: Extending the use of ecological models without sacrificing details: a generic and parsimonious meta-modelling approach
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Data from: Using parsimony-guided tree proposals to accelerate convergence in Bayesian phylogenetic inference
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Data from: Taxonomic reassessment of Clevosaurus latidens Fraser, 1993 (Lepidosauria, Rhynchocephalia) and rhynchocephalian phylogeny based on parsimony and Bayesian inference
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.