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Fig. 7. A–G in Integrative redescription of Hypsibius pallidoides Pilato et al., 2011 (Eutardigrada: Hypsibioidea) with the erection of a new genus and discussion on the phylogeny of Hypsibiidae
Fig. 7. A–G. Hypsibius pallidoides Pilato, Kiosya, Lisi, Inshina & Biserov, 2011 eggs. A–D, specimen KNU Чер-9 II. A. Type series specimen mounted during the egg laying process, PhC. B. Type series egg shell, PhC. C. Type series egg shell, DIC. D. Type series egg shell structure with numerous internal pillars visible, DIC. E. Austrian population egg shell (SPbU 251(3)), PhC. F. Karelian population egg shell (SPbU 113(2)), PhC. G. Pushkin population egg shell (SPbU 235(28)), PhC. – H. Pilatobius recamieri (Richters, 1911), egg shell (SPbU 203(7)), PhC. Scale bars: A = 50 µm; B–H = 5 µm.
Figure 7 in A new species and the phylogeny of the South American genus Gromphas Brullé, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini)
Figure 7. Metepisterna. (A) Gromphas jardim sp. nov.: gromphas is unique among the Phanaeini by not showing any trace of a metepisternal tab (MTab) covering the epipleural margin, a synapomorphy of this genus. (B) Oruscatus davus: Both species of Oruscatus have a small but evident MTab (indicated by red arrow). (C) Bolbites onitoides: The MTab of Bolbites is strongly developed and the dorsal margin of metepisternum is highly curved. This is the same form seen in the rest of Phanaeina and is a synapomorphy of this taxon. (D) Dichotomius fissus (Harold, 1867): MTab in a non-Phanaeini. This structure is present also in a series of other Coprini, as well as in at least some Oniticellini and Onitini.
Figure 5 in A new species of Schizopera (Copepoda: Harpacticoida) from Japan, its phylogeny based on the mtCOI gene and comments on the genus Schizoperopsis
Figure 5. Schizopera abei sp. nov., line drawings, holotype female. (A) Rostrum dissected and flattened, lateral; (B) antennula, posterior; (C) antenna, posterior; (D) labrum, posterior; (E) paragnaths, anterior; (F) mandibula, posterior; (G) maxillula, posterior; (H) maxilla, posterior; (I) endopod of maxilla, antero-ventral; (J) maxilliped, anterior; (K) first leg, anterior. Arabic numeral 1 indicates the rostral sensillum.
Figure 3 in A new species of Schizopera (Copepoda: Harpacticoida) from Japan, its phylogeny based on the mtCOI gene and comments on the genus Schizoperopsis
Figure 3. Schizopera abei sp. nov., scanning electron micrographs, (A–E) a third paratype male from LBM1430005773; (F) a fourth paratype male from the same lot. (A) Habitus, ventral; (B) mouth appendages, ventral; (C) swimming legs, anterior; (D) third exopodal segment of third swimming leg, anterior; (E) left caudal ramus, ventral; (F) left fifth and sixth legs, ventral. Roman numerals for pores assigned consecutively from anterior to posterior end of each somite and caudal ramus, from dorsal to ventral side.
Figure 2 in A new species of Schizopera (Copepoda: Harpacticoida) from Japan, its phylogeny based on the mtCOI gene and comments on the genus Schizoperopsis
Figure 2. Schizopera abei sp. nov., scanning electron micrographs, a second paratype male from LBM1430005773. (A) Habitus, dorsal; (B) cephalothorax, dorsal; (C) anterior tip of cephalothorax and basal part of rostrum, dorsal; (D) free pedigerous somites, dorsal; (E) second to fifth urosomites, dorsal; (F) anal somite and caudal rami, dorsal. Arabic numerals for sensilla and Roman numeral for pores both assigned consecutively from anterior to posterior end of each somite, rostrum, and caudal ramus, and from dorsal to ventral side.
Figure 1 in A new species of Schizopera (Copepoda: Harpacticoida) from Japan, its phylogeny based on the mtCOI gene and comments on the genus Schizoperopsis
Figure 1. Schizopera abei sp. nov., scanning electron micrographs, (A–D) paratype female from LBM1430005773; (E–F) paratype male from the same lot. (A) Habitus, lateral; (B) cephalothoracic shield, lateral; (C) anterior part of cephalothoracic shield and rostrum, lateral; (D) tergites of free pedigerous somites, lateral; (E) habitus, lateral; (F) anal somites and caudal rami, lateral. Arabic numerals for sensilla and Roman numerals for pores consecutively from anterior to posterior end of each somite, rostrum, and caudal ramus, and from dorsal to ventral side.
Figure 13 in Description, molecular phylogeny, and natural history of a new kleptoparasitic species of gelechiid moth (Lepidoptera) associated with Melastomataceae galls in Brazil
Figure 13. Seasonal abundance of cecidogenous (Palaeomystella fernandesi, dashed line) and kleptoparasite (Locharcha opportuna, solid line) larvae in galls (total = 164 and 169 individuals, respectively) induced on Tibouchina sellowiana plants at CPCN Pró-Mata, from April 2012 through June 2013. Arabic numbers from 1 to 14 represent 30-day sampling intervals. Upper horizontal bars indicate host plant phenological phases: red, flowering; green, fruiting; blue, dormancy; black, forming new shoots.
Figure 7 in Description, molecular phylogeny, and natural history of a new kleptoparasitic species of gelechiid moth (Lepidoptera) associated with Melastomataceae galls in Brazil
Figure 7. Locharcha opportuna pupa, in dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views, respectively. Scale bar = 1 mm.
Fig. 8 in Five new Palaearctic species of Docosia (Diptera: Mycetophilidae), with updated molecular phylogeny of the genus
Fig. 8. Maximum likelihood hypothesis for relationships among selected species of Docosia Winnertz, 1863 based on DNA sequence data (28S, ITS2, COI, COII and CytB), 3049 characters. Above node number = ultrafast bootstrap values (ufboot). The stem of the Docosia clade has been shortened to half its original length.
Fig. 3 in Five new Palaearctic species of Docosia (Diptera: Mycetophilidae), with updated molecular phylogeny of the genus
Fig. 3. Docosia japonica Kurina sp. nov., ♂, terminalia. A. Lateral view. B. Posterior view. C. Ventral view of gonostylus. D. Dorsal view of cerci. E. Dorsal view of tergite 9. F. Ventral view of aedeagal complex. G. Lateral view of aedeagal complex. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
Fig. 5 in Five new Palaearctic species of Docosia (Diptera: Mycetophilidae), with updated molecular phylogeny of the genus
Fig. 5. Docosia polyspina Kurina sp. nov., ♂, terminalia. A. Lateral view. B. Posterior view. C. Ventral view of gonostylus. D. Dorsal view of cerci. E. Dorsal view of tergite 9. F. Ventral view of aedeagal complex. G. Lateral view of aedeagal complex. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
Fig. 2 in Five new Palaearctic species of Docosia (Diptera: Mycetophilidae), with updated molecular phylogeny of the genus
Fig. 2. Docosia anatolica Ševčík sp. nov., ♂, terminalia. A. Lateral view. B. Posterior view. C. Ventral view of gonostylus. D. Dorsal view of cerci. E. Dorsal view of tergite 9. F. Ventral view of aedeagal complex. G. Lateral view of aedeagal complex. Abbreviations: aed = aedeagus; ej ap = ejaculatory apodeme; gc = gonocoxite; gc pvm = posteroventral margin of gonocoxite; gst vl = ventral lobe of gonostylus; gst dl = dorsal lobe of gonostylus; par = paramere; par ap = parameral apodeme; ret = combs of retinacula; tg = tergite. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
Branching patterns in phylogenies cannot distinguish diversity-dependent diversification from time-dependent diversification
One of the primary goals of macroevolutionary biology has been to explain general trends in long-term diversity patterns, including whether such patterns correspond to an up-scaling of processes occurring at lower scales. Reconstructed phylogenies often show decelerated lineage accumulation over time. This pattern has often been interpreted as the result of diversity-dependent diversification, where the accumulation of species causes diversification to decrease through niche filling. However, other processes can also produce such a slowdown, including time-dependence without diversity-dependence. To test whether phylogenetic branching patterns can be used to distinguish these two mechanisms, we formulated a time-dependent, but diversity-independent model that matches the expected diversity through time of a diversity-dependent model. We simulated phylogenies under each model and studied how well likelihood methods could recover the true diversification mode. Standard model selection criteria always recovered diversity-dependence, even when it was not present. We correct for this bias by using a bootstrap method and find that neither model is decisively supported. This implies that the branching pattern of reconstructed trees contains insufficient information to detect the presence or absence of diversity-dependence. We advocate that tests encompassing additional data, e.g., traits or range distributions, are needed to evaluate how diversity drives macroevolutionary trends.
Figure 1 in Description of the aberrant Leptopilina lasallei n. sp.ı with an updated phylogeny of Leptopilina Förster (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Eucoilinae)
Figure 1. Holotype of Leptopilina lasallei sp. nov. (USNMENT00896641). a. Lateral habitus. b. Close-up of mesosoma. c. Left fore and hind wings.
Figure 3. Male paratype. a. lateral habitus. b in Description of the aberrant Leptopilina lasallei n. sp.ı with an updated phylogeny of Leptopilina Förster (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Eucoilinae)
Figure 3. Male paratype. a. lateral habitus. b. Scanning electron micrograph of head and basal segments of antennae.
Figure 2 in Description of the aberrant Leptopilina lasallei n. sp.ı with an updated phylogeny of Leptopilina Förster (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Eucoilinae)
Figure 2. Scanning electron micrographs of the paratypes of Leptopilina lasallei sp. nov. (USNMENT01525765). a. Head, anterior view; I, distance from ventral margin of eye to posterior margin of malar space; II, height of eye; V, distance between inner rim of torulus to posterior clypeal margin; VI; distance between anterior ocellus and posterior rim of torulus; VII, tentorial pit; VIII, malar furrow. b. Head, dorsal view; III, width of lateral ocellus; IV, distance between lateral occeli. c. Female antenna, lateral view. d. Anterior aspect of pronotal plate, male. e. Close-up lateral aspect of metapleuron, propodeum, petiole and anterior margin of metasoma. f. Male scutellum, dorso-lateral view.
Figure 4 in Description of the aberrant Leptopilina lasallei n. sp.ı with an updated phylogeny of Leptopilina Förster (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Eucoilinae)
Figure 4. Phylogeny of Leptopilina based on Bayesian analysis of concatenated nucleotide sequences of Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) gene 'barcode' region, 28S D2 and ITS2 regions. Taxa denoted by 'DSZ' are newly sequenced for this study; other number/letter designations are those of Genbank sequences. See Table 1 for GenBank accession numbers and references.
FIG. 18 in Diversity, morphological phylogeny, and distribution of bats of the genus Molossus E. Geoffroy, 1805 (Chiroptera, Molossidae) in Brazil
FIG. 18. — Ventral view of the skull of Molossus pretiosus Miller, 1902. Note the crest between the occipital and the basisphenoid pits. Scale bar: 1 mm.
FIG. 13 in Diversity, morphological phylogeny, and distribution of bats of the genus Molossus E. Geoffroy, 1805 (Chiroptera, Molossidae) in Brazil
FIG. 13. — Molossus molossus (Pallas, 1766) skull: A, dorsal view; B, frontal view; C, ventral view; D, posterior view; E, lateral view. Scale bar: 1 mm.
FIG. 14 in Diversity, morphological phylogeny, and distribution of bats of the genus Molossus E. Geoffroy, 1805 (Chiroptera, Molossidae) in Brazil
FIG. 14. — Molossus molossus (Pallas, 1766). Photo courtesy of Dr Marco A. R. Mello (https://marcoarmello.wordpress.com).
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.