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Fig. 4 in New species of mirid insects and their importance for the higher classification of plant bugs

Fig. 4. Photographs (A1, A3) and drawings (A2, A4) of femoral trichobothria in mirid insect Metoisops akingbohungbei Herczek and Popov, 2014, holotype male, CEHI BB M HE 4, from the Baltic Amber (unknown locality on Baltic Sea Coast), mid-Eocene. Five mesofemoral trichobothria (A1, A2); six metafemoral trichobothria (A3, A4). Scale bars 0.1 mm.

Fig. 3 in New species of mirid insects and their importance for the higher classification of plant bugs

Fig. 3. Mirid insect Metoisops popovi Kim, Taszakowski, and Jung, sp. nov., holotype female, CNU CNUHHMF005, from the Baltic Amber (unknown locality on Baltic Sea Coast), mid-Eocene. Dorsal habitus. Arrow points to deep incision between calli (A1), lateral habitus (A2), head in dorsal view (A3), head in lateral view (A4), scutellum (A5), hindfemur with trichobothria (A6).

Fig. 2 in New species of mirid insects and their importance for the higher classification of plant bugs

Fig. 2. Mirid insect Metoisops michalskii Kim, Taszakowski, and Herczek sp. nov., holotype male, DZUS HE44-451-1-001, from the Baltic Amber Gdańsk Bay, Poland), mid-Eocene. Dorsal habitus (A1), lateral habitus (A2), head and thorax in lateral view and antennal structure (A3), abdomen and legs in lateral view (A4), hindtarsus (A5), genital segment with parameres (A6). Abbreviations: i, first antennal segment; ii, second antennal segment; iii, third antennal segment; iv, fourth antennal segment; iv-1, first subsegment of fourth antennal segment; iv-2, second subsegment of fourth antennal segment.

Fig. 1 in New species of mirid insects and their importance for the higher classification of plant bugs

Fig. 1. Baltic ambers with specimens of mirid insects. A. Metoisops michalskii Kim, Taszakowski, and Herczek sp. nov., holotype male, DZUS HE44- 451-1-001, from the Baltic Amber (Vistula Spit, Gdańsk Bay, Poland), mid-Eocene. B. Metoisops popovi Kim, Taszakowski, and Jung sp. nov., holotype female, CNU CNUHHMF005, from the Baltic Amber (unknown locality on Baltic Sea Coast), mid-Eocene.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2024View details →

Supporting files for Turečková et al. 2024 "A New Abscisic Acid Conjugate, ABA‑L‑Glutamate, Determined in Different Plant Species by Combined Immunoaffinity Chromatography‑Tandem Mass Spectrometry"

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.

Figs 23–27 in The genus Xylocoris found from plant debris in Thailand, with description of a new species of the subgenus Arrostelus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Anthocoridae)

Figs 23–27. Xylocoris (Arrostelus) ampoli Yamada & Yasunaga sp. nov. 23, 24 – pygophore with paramere, dorsal (23) and ventral (24) views; 25–27 – paramere, three different aspects. Scale bars: 0.1 mm for 23, 24; 0.05 mm for 25–27.

Figs 17–22 in The genus Xylocoris found from plant debris in Thailand, with description of a new species of the subgenus Arrostelus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Anthocoridae)

Figs 17–22. Xylocoris (Arrostelus) ampoli Yamada & Yasunaga sp. nov., male (17, 19–22) and female (18). 17 – head and pronotum, macropterous form, dorsal view; 18 – hemelytron, macropterous form, dorsal view; 19 – ditto, brachypterous form, dorsal view: 20 – right fore leg, outer view; 21 – right middle leg, outer view; 22 – right hind leg, outer view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm for 18, 19; 0.3 mm for 17; 0.2 mm for 20–22.

Figs 13–16 in The genus Xylocoris found from plant debris in Thailand, with description of a new species of the subgenus Arrostelus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Anthocoridae)

Figs 13–16. SEM images of Xylocoris (Arrostelus) ampoli Yamada & Yasunaga sp. nov., male (16) and female (13–15). 13 – ostiolar peritreme and evaporatorium, left lateroventral view; 14 – ostiolar peritreme, left lateroventral view; 15 – supracoxal area, left lateroventral view; 16 – protibia, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.05 mm.

Figs 5–12 in The genus Xylocoris found from plant debris in Thailand, with description of a new species of the subgenus Arrostelus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Anthocoridae)

Figs 5–12. Xylocoris (Arrostelus) ampoli Yamada & Yasunaga sp. nov. (5–8, 11, 12) and X. (Proxylocoris) cerealis Yamada & Yasunaga, 2006 (9, 10). 5, 6 – brachypterous form, male holotype, dorsal (5) and lateral (6) views; 7, 8 – macropterous form, male, dorsal (7) and lateral (8) views; 9, 10 – male, dorsal (9) and lateral (10) views; 11, 12 – head and pronotum, brachypterous (11, female) and macropterous (12, male) forms, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm for 5–10; 0.3 mm for 11, 12.

Figs 1–4 in The genus Xylocoris found from plant debris in Thailand, with description of a new species of the subgenus Arrostelus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Anthocoridae)

Figs 1–4. Habitus images of Xylocoris spp., living individuals (Thailand). 1, 2 – X. (Arrostelus) ampoli Yamada & Yasunaga sp. nov., brachypterous form; 3 – ditto, macropterous form; 4 – X. (Proxylocoris) cerealis Yamada & Yasunaga, 2006.

Figure 3 in Uvariopsis dicaprio (Annonaceae) a new tree species with notes on its pollination biology, and the Critically Endangered narrowly endemic plant species of the Ebo Forest, Cameroon

Figure 3 Uvariopsis dicaprio. (A) habit, cauliflorous inflorescences on trunk; (B) leafy branch, one season's growth; (C) inflorescence, showing pedicel articulations, bracts and bracteoles; (D) flower, with one petal removed to show the staminal dome; (E) detail of sparse hairs on abaxial petal surface; (F) stamen, different views; (G) junction of base of leaf with stem, showing dome-like axillary bud. All drawn from MacKinnon 51 (K) by MEG GRIFFITHS. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12614/fig-3

Figure 4 in Uvariopsis dicaprio (Annonaceae) a new tree species with notes on its pollination biology, and the Critically Endangered narrowly endemic plant species of the Ebo Forest, Cameroon

Figure 4 Global distribution of Uvariopsis dicaprio, together with U. korupensis and U. submontana. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12614/fig-4

Figure 1 in Uvariopsis dicaprio (Annonaceae) a new tree species with notes on its pollination biology, and the Critically Endangered narrowly endemic plant species of the Ebo Forest, Cameroon

Figure 1 Uvariopsis dicaprio. Cauliflorous inflorescences on trunk. Photo Lorna MacKinnon. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12614/fig-1

Figure 2 in Uvariopsis dicaprio (Annonaceae) a new tree species with notes on its pollination biology, and the Critically Endangered narrowly endemic plant species of the Ebo Forest, Cameroon

Figure 2 Uvariopsis dicaprio. Trunk apex with cauliflorous flowers and canopy. Photo Lorna MacKinnon. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12614/fig-2

Dataset of the paper "Machine learning for expert-level image-based identification of very similar species in the hyperdiverse plant bug family Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)"

This dataset contains 3792 images of 26 plant bug (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirini) species used to test the performance of a CNN in species recognition. All jpg files are 1920 pixels on the long size and additionally available as an archive file to facilitate download of the entire dataset.  Bar code labels (unique specimen identifiers or USIs) were attached to all examined specimens used for this study. Further information such as additional photographs of habitus and genitalic structures, georeferenced coordinates of each locality, specimens dissected, notes, collecting method can be obtained from the Heteroptera Species Pages (http://research.amnh.org/pbi/heteropteraspeciespage/) which assembles available data from a specimen database and are also provided as an Excel spreadsheet (file _Adelphocoris_CNN_label_data.xlsx).

Fig. 2. – Species prediction for a grid cell. A in Geographical patterns of woody plants' functional traits in Burkina Faso

Fig. 2. – Species prediction for a grid cell. A. Average of maximal plant size; B. Percentage of spinescent species; C. Percentage of species containing latex; D. Percentage of species with compound leaves.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2022View details →

State of biodiversity documentation in the Philippines: Metadata gaps, taxonomic biases, and spatial biases in the DNA barcode data of animal and plant taxa in the context of species occurrence data

These files can be categorized into three groups: (1) raw datasets obtained from public databases (i.e., GBIF, BOLD, and GenBank), (2) manually edited files needed for parsing and analysis, and (3) supplementary files for spatial analysis. All are used in the examination of gaps and biases present in Philippine biodiversity data, which can direct research on the taxa and spatial regions that need more sampling.

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Rates of premature fruit drop for 201 plant species on Barro Colorado Island, Panama

Pre-dispersal seed mortality caused by premature fruit drop is a potentially important source of plant mortality, but one which has rarely been studied in the context of tropical forest plants. Of particular interest is premature fruit drop triggered by enemies, which – if density-dependent – could contribute to species co-existence in tropical forest plant communities. We used a long-term (31 year) dataset on seed and fruit fall obtained through weekly collections from a network of seed traps in a lowland tropical forest (Barro Colorado Island, Panama) to estimate the proportion of seeds prematurely abscised for 201 woody plant species. To determine whether enemy attack might contribute to premature fruit drop we tested whether plant species abscise more of their fruit prematurely if they: (1) have attributes hypothesised to be associated with high levels of enemy attack, and (2) are known to be attacked by one enemy-group (insect seed predators). We also tested (3) whether mean rates of premature fruit drop for plant species are phylogenetically conserved. Overall rates of premature fruit drop were high in the plant community. Across all species, 39% of seeds were abscised before completing their development. Rates of premature seed abscission varied considerably among species and could not be explained by phylogeny. Premature seed abscission rates were higher in species which are known to host pre-dispersal insect seed predators and species with attributes that were hypothesised to make them more susceptible to attack by pre-dispersal enemies, namely species which (1) have larger seeds, (2) have a greater average height, (3) have temporally predictable fruiting patterns, and (4) are more abundant at the study site. Synthesis. Premature fruit drop is likely to be a major source of seed mortality for many plant species on Barro Colorado Island. It is plausible that pre-dispersal seed enemies, such as insect seed predators, contribute to community-level patterns of premature fruit drop and have the potential to mediate species co-existence through stabilising negative density dependence. Our study suggests that the role of pre-dispersal enemies in structuring tropical plant communities should be considered alongside the more commonly studied post-dispersal seed and seedling enemies.

opencc-zeroFeb 2022View details →

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2022View details →

FIG. 3 in Stem and caudex anatomy of succulent plant species

FIG. 3. — Transverse sections of stems and caudices: A, B, Pelargonium carnosum (L.) L'Hér.; A, stem, wood; B, stem, bands of libriform fibers; C-E, Moringa drouhardii Jum.; C, stem, diffused fibrous wood, lignification in ray parenchyma cells; D, stem, radial section; E, stem, secondary phloem dilatated; F, Oxalis megalorrhiza Jacq., stem, wood; G-I, Adenia glauca Schinz; G, green stem, cortex and phloem fiber caps; H, green stem, parenchymatous wood; I, caudex, parenchymatous wood. Abbreviations: lf, libriform fibers; r, rays; p, parenchyma cells; fp, fiber cap; sp, secondary phloem. Scale bars: 50 µm.