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935 results for “probability”
toll register (probably Gemona, 1426-1427)
<p>The following dataset is based on the register of a toll levied on 'German' merchants possibly in the friulian town of Gemona from October 1426 to September 1427 (the register is preserved in State Archive of Udine, <em>Colloredo Mels</em>, part. I, b. 5, register "MIIIIXXVI todeschi"). The research has been produced within the framework of the 2017 PRIN "LOC-GLOB. The local connectivity in an age of global intensification: infrastructural networks, production and trading areas in late-medieval Italy (1280-1500)".</p> <p>The register is divided into accounts belonging to individual ‘German’ merchants (further information on the notion of ‘German’ in this context can be found in the paper T. Vidal, <em>Fiscality and Infrastructures</em>). Under each account the scribe recorded in chronological order all the commodities of each merchant as well as the carters and carriers.</p> <p>The original language of the register is Friulian-venetian vernacular. The entrances in the original are structured as in the following example (f. 3r):</p> <p> </p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p> </p> </td> <td> <p>Lenart di Tarvise</p> </td> <td> <p> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>October</p> </td> <td> <p> </p> </td> <td> <p> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>XII</p> </td> <td> <p>Andrege di Pultebe</p> </td> <td> <p>fero I<sup>M </sup>IIII<sup>C</sup></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>XIIII</p> </td> <td> <p>Yori di Dogna</p> </td> <td> <p>fero I<sup>M</sup></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>XV</p> </td> <td> <p>Stefin di Chuviza</p> </td> <td> <p>fero I<sup>M </sup>II<sup>C</sup></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>XVIIII<sup>or</sup></p> </td> <td> <p>Petri di Chuviza</p> </td> <td> <p>fero I<sup>M </sup>V<sup>C</sup></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <p><em><strong>Structure of the dataset</strong></em></p> <p>1) <strong>id.</strong>: progressive id of the items of the dataset.</p> <p>2) <strong>account id.</strong>: progressive id given to each account as it appears in the register. Individual merchants can hold multiple accounts. I have chosen to keep the progressive id order rather than attributing the id according to the merchant to preserve the original structure of the document.</p> <p>3-5) <strong>year, month, day</strong>.</p> <p>6) <strong>merchant</strong>: name of the merchant holding each account. Since most of the names are a rather rough transliteration of German names in Friulian-venetian vernacular I have chosen not to normalize them to modern forms.</p> <p>7) <strong>merchant origin</strong>: declared origin of the merchant. As for (6) many names appear to be tentative transliterations of the scribe. For all the cases were identification is evident the modern toponym is given; for all other cases I have kept the spelling of the manuscript.</p> <p>8) <strong>merchant origin (normalized)</strong>: proposed normalization and identification of non-normalized toponyms recorded under (7).</p> <p>9) <strong>merchant jurisdiction</strong>: jurisdictional area of provenance of each merchant.</p> <p>10) <strong>carrier</strong>: name of the carrier to whom the merchant had entrusted his commodities. See (6) for the choices regarding normalization.</p> <p>11) <strong>carrier origin</strong>: declared origin of the carrier. See (7) for the choices regarding normalization.</p> <p>12) <strong>carrier origin (normalized)</strong>: proposed normalization and identification of non-normalized toponyms recorded under (11).</p> <p>13) <strong>carrier jurisdiction</strong>: jurisdictional area of provenance of each carrier.</p> <p>14) <strong>commodity</strong>: type of commodity declared. In all cases in which identification of the commodity as been impossible I have chosen to keep the origin spelling of the manuscript.</p> <p>15) <strong>commodity unit</strong>: type of unit used to measure the commodity as it appears in the register. Given the wide variability of the equivalence between haulage (cart, <em>soma</em>, <em>balla</em>) and weight (libbre) I have chosen not to uniform the data. The libbra is the Friulian <em>libbra grossa </em>= 0.477 kg.</p> <p>16) <strong>unit number</strong>: numerical value referred to (15).</p> <p>17) <strong>folio</strong>: reference to the folio of the manuscript.</p>
Fig. 4. Probable relationship between the MSB and begging. A in Motor Stereotypic Behaviors In Zoo Rhesus Monkeys: A Case Study Of The Central Zoo, Kathmandu, Nepal
Fig. 4. Probable relationship between the MSB and begging. A — by controlling for sex of the captive monkeys; and, B — by controlling for the different probability of the visitor-monkey interaction (Min. — minutes).
Dataset of Intention to Whistleblow: Perception of Reporting Skill Mediates the Predicting Role of Class Consciousness and Perceived Probability of Revenge
<p><em>Dataset of </em><strong>Intention to Whistleblow: Perception of Reporting Skill Mediates the Predicting Role of Class Consciousness and Perceived Probability of Revenge</strong></p>
"I was on vacation in Mala, living in a self-catering holiday cottage, together with my girlfriend (we're together for 11 years now), recovering from a heavy workload in the second half of 2008. We were sitting outside, probably sipping a beer, when we heard the sound of bells approaching. Stepping on the stones that enclose the little forecourt of the cottage, we could just see the goat herd being driven by. Idashed for my R09 (recording equipment) to get that impression – but too slowly too late, it seemed, the herd had disappeared and with it the sound. When Iwas about to pack my R09 again the sound appeared to come back, so Idashed down the driveway, just in time to see the herd pass, and then Ifollowed it a couple of hundred meters, walking behind the herd, trying not to breathe or make stepping sounds, eventually, when dogs started barking and a car approached from behind, I stopped and let the goats go on, the car passes, honks ... and Icut the recording and walk back to the cottage." [Peter/ptroxler]13 in Collecting Sounds. Online Sharing of Field Recordings as Cultural Practice
"I was on vacation in Mala, living in a self-catering holiday cottage, together with my girlfriend (we're together for 11 years now), recovering from a heavy workload in the second half of 2008. We were sitting outside, probably sipping a beer, when we heard the sound of bells approaching. Stepping on the stones that enclose the little forecourt of the cottage, we could just see the goat herd being driven by. Idashed for my R09 (recording equipment) to get that impression – but too slowly too late, it seemed, the herd had disappeared and with it the sound. When Iwas about to pack my R09 again the sound appeared to come back, so Idashed down the driveway, just in time to see the herd pass, and then Ifollowed it a couple of hundred meters, walking behind the herd, trying not to breathe or make stepping sounds, eventually, when dogs started barking and a car approached from behind, I stopped and let the goats go on, the car passes, honks ... and Icut the recording and walk back to the cottage." [Peter/ptroxler]13
Data for: Intraspecific variation in dispersal probability and host quality shape nectar microbiomes
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Relationships of climate, human activity, and fire history to spatiotemporal variation in annual fire probability across California: Source Code and Core Data
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Data from: Individual genetic diversity and probability of infection by avian malaria parasites in blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus)
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Data from: Timing and probability of arrival for sea lice dispersing between salmon farms
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Data for: Aggressive hosts are undeterred by a cuckoo's hawk mimicry, but probably make good foster parents
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Data from: Maximizing the detection probabilities of dusky grouse for population monitoring
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Trait matching affects the probability of nectar robbing in plant-pollinator networks
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Data from: Host disease tolerance predicts transmission probability for a songbird pathogen
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Gene drives for vertebrate pest control: realistic spatial modelling of eradication probabilities and times for island mouse populations
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Vertebrate-habitat relationships: Logistic regression models predict probability of occurrence of bird and small mammal species in western Oregon
Logistic regression models predicting probability of occurrence of bird and of small-mammal species were produced using animal-habitat data sets from throughout western Oregon (Garman and Cole 1999 - Vertebrate Habitat Relationships Data Bank (VHRDB), Report to Coastal Landscape Analysis and Modeling Study). Regression coefficients, variables, and metrics related to model predictions are provided here under Entity 1, and in VHRDB as VERTLOGR.
A Probability Distribution over Latent Causes, in the Orbitofrontal Cortex
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Experimental Data Sets for the study "Benchmarking a $(\mu+\lambda)$ Genetic Algorithm with Configurable Crossover Probability"
<p>This is the experimental result of the study "Benchmarking a (μ+λ) Genetic Algorithm with Configurable Crossover Probability". A novel (μ+λ) GA is proposed and benchmarked, in which we stochastically determine whether to apply the crossover operator either for each individual or generation with a crossover probability <span class="math-tex">\(p_c\)</span>. This data set consists of two parts:</p> <ol> <li>The results of (μ+λ) GA on 25 pseudo-Boolean problems defined in <em>IOHprofiler </em>(<a href="https://iohprofiler.github.io/">https://iohprofiler.github.io/</a>) with the following setup: <span class="math-tex">\(\mu \in \{10, 50, 100\}, \lambda \in \{1, \lceil\mu/2\rceil, \mu\}, p_c\in\{0, 0.5\}.\)</span> <ul> <li>'IOHprofiler_Problems_standard_bit_mutation.csv' --> the (μ+λ) GA with standard bit mutation.</li> <li>'IOHprofiler_Problems_fast_mutation.csv' --> the (μ+λ) GA with fast mutation.</li> </ul> </li> <li>The results of (μ+λ) GA on OneMax and LeadingOnes problems with the following setup: <span class="math-tex">\(n \in \{64,100,150,200,250,500\}, \mu \in \{2,3,5,8,10,20,30,...,100\}, \\ \lambda \in \{1, \lceil \mu/2 \rceil, \mu\}, \text{and }p_c \in \{0.1 k \mid k \in [0..9]\}\cup\{0.95\}.\)</span> <ul> <li>'OneMax_raw.csv' --> the fixed-target running time/first hitting time from 100 independent runs for target values in <span class="math-tex">\([1..n]\)</span>.</li> <li>'OneMax_summary.csv' --> the mean, median, standard deviation, some quantiles, expected running time (ERT), the number of successful runs, and the success rate from 100 independent runs for target values in <span class="math-tex">\([1..n]\)</span>.</li> <li>'LeadingOnes_raw.csv' --> the same with 'OneMax_raw.csv' for LeadingOnes.</li> <li>'LeadingOnes_summary.csv' --> the same with 'OneMax_summary.csv' for LeadingOnes.</li> </ul> </li> </ol> <p><strong>Contact</strong>: if you have any questions or suggestions, please feel free to contact <a href="https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/en/staffmembers/furong-ye#tab-1">Furong Ye</a> or <a href="http://www-ia.lip6.fr/~doerr/">Carola Doerr</a>.</p>
Data from: Greater agility increases probability of survival in the endangered northern quoll
<p>Introduced predators combined with habitat loss and modification are threatening biodiversity worldwide, particularly the 'critical weight range' (CWR) mammals of Australia. In order to mitigate the impacts of invasive predators on native species in different landscapes, we must understand how the prey's morphology and performance determine their survival. Here we evaluate how phenotypic traits related to escape performance predict the probability of survival for an endangered CWR mammal, the northern quoll (<em>Dasyurus hallucatus</em>). We measured mass, body size, body shape, body condition, and age, as well as maximum sprint speed, acceleration, and agility of female quolls over two consecutive years. Those with higher body condition and agility around a 135° corner were more likely to survive their first 21 months of life but were not more likely to survive after this period. No other morphological or performance traits affected survival. Heavier second-year individuals were more agile than first-years but second-years experienced higher mortality rates throughout the year. Females with higher body condition and agility around a 135° corner tended to have shorter limbs and feet but larger heads. Our findings suggest that higher body condition and agility are advantageous for survival in female northern quolls. These results can be used to develop predictive models of predator-prey interactions based on performance capacities and how performance is affected by habitat, aiding conservation efforts to predict and manage the impacts of introduced predators on native species.</p>
L4D - Probability map of giant trees occurrence (> 70 m) in the Brazilian Amazon
<p>The probability of giant trees occurrence (> 70m) based on environmental conditions. The observations higher than 70 m were filtered out and used to adjust an envelope model based on maximum entropy. In its optimization routine, the algorithm tracked how much the model gain was improved when small changes were made to each coefficient value associated with a particular variable. The resulting map of predicted occurrence of the tallest trees in the Amazon from the MaxEnt model shows that the probability of maximum tree height occurrence is highest in the northeastern Amazon (Fig. 6), more specifically in the Roraima and Guianan Lowlands. We considered 18 environmental variables: (1) fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR; in %); (2) elevation above sea level (Elevation; in m); (3) the component of the horizontal wind towards east, i.e. zonal velocity (u-speed ; in m s<sup>-1</sup>); (4) the component of the horizontal wind towards north, i.e. meridional velocity (v-speed ; in m s<sup>-1</sup>); (5) the number of days not affected by cloud cover (clear days; in days yr<sup>-1</sup>); (6) the number of days with precipitation above 20 mm (days > 20mm; in days yr<sup>-1</sup> ); (7) the number of months with precipitation below 100 mm (months < 100mm; in months yr<sup>-1</sup> ) ; (8) lightning frequency (flashes rate); (9) annual precipitation (in mm); (10) potential evapotranspiration (in mm); (11) coefficient of variation of precipitation (precipitation seasonality; in %); (12) amount of precipitation on the wettest month (precip. wettest; in mm); (13) amount of precipitation on the driest month (precip. driest; in mm); (14) mean annual temperature (in °C); (15) standard deviation of temperature (temp. seasonality; in °C); (16) annual maximum temperature (in °C); (17) soil clay content (in %); and (18) soil water content (in %). </p>
Repeatable differences in exploratory behaviour predict tick infestation probability in wild great tits
Abstract Ecological factors and individual-specific traits affect parasite infestation in wild animals. Ixodid ticks are important ectoparasites of various vertebrate hosts, which include passerine bird species such as the great tit (Parus major). We studied various key ecological variables (breeding density, human disturbance) and phenotypic traits (exploratory behaviour, body condition) proposed to predict tick infestation probability and burden in great tits. Our study spanned 3 years and 12 nest box plots located in southern Germany. Breeding, adult great tits were assessed for exploration behaviour, body condition, and tick burden. Plots were open to human recreation; human disturbance was quantified in each plot as a recreation pressure index from biweekly nest box inspections. Infested individuals were repeatable in tick burden across years. These repeatable among-individual differences in tick burden were not attributable to exploration behaviour. However, faster explorers did have a higher infestation probability. Furthermore, body condition was negatively correlated to tick burden. Recreation pressure was correlated to increased infestation probability, although this relationship was just above the threshold of statistical significance. Our study implies that avian infestation probability and tick burden are each determined by distinct phenotypic traits and ecological factors. Our findings highlight the importance of animal behaviour and human disturbance in understanding variation in tick burden among avian hosts. Significance statement Various abiotic and biotic factors, including personality type, influence tick parasitism in birds, but exactly how all these factors interplay remains unclear. We studied a wild population of great tits over a 3-year period and assessed birds for their exploration behaviour and tick infestation. We found that more explorative great tits were more likely to be infested with ticks. By contrast, faster explorers did not have higher tick burdens. Tick burden was nevertheless moderately repeatable among individuals. Our results imply that animal personality influences the probability of parasite infestation, and that infestation likelihood versus intensity are determined by distinct mechanisms. Our work highlights the importance of animal behaviour to understand parasite infestation in wild populations.
Probing Patchy Reionization with the Void Probability Function in the era of RST
<p>Neutral hydrogen attenuates the Lyman-alpha emission of galaxies, dimming and increasing the apparent clustering of Lyman-Alpha Emitters (LAEs). LAEs are more likely to be observed in the regions that have already been ionized, so LAEs within more neutral intergalactic medium appear more clustered. Using the Jensen et al 2014 simulations of LAEs at various ionization fractions, we show how the Void Probability Function (VPF) measures the clustering signals caused by an increasingly neutral intergalactic medium. The VPF is sensitive to voids and can be easily compared for samples of the same number density, and therefore might be the best option for teasing out the particular clustering caused by 'inside-out' patchy reionization. We simulate what ionization fractions constraints the Lyman Alpha Galaxies in the Epoch of Reionization (LAGER) survey can give with the VPF, and motivate the use of the VPF for reionization surveys with WFIRST.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.