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Text-fig. 3. Correlation of geological sections with Pleistocene deposits of the Mikhailovka quarry near Zheleznogorsk. 1 – modern and fossil soils, 2 – loess-like loam, 3 – sandy clay, 4 – aleurites, 5 – horizontally laminated clays, 6 – brown loams, 7 – blue clays and loams, 8 – sands, 9 – gravels, 10 – mollusk shells, 11 – small mammal remains. in Late Pleistocene (Eemian) Mollusk And Small Mammal Fauna From Mikhailovka-5 (Kursk Oblast, Central Russia)

Text-fig. 3. Correlation of geological sections with Pleistocene deposits of the Mikhailovka quarry near Zheleznogorsk. 1 – modern and fossil soils, 2 – loess-like loam, 3 – sandy clay, 4 – aleurites, 5 – horizontally laminated clays, 6 – brown loams, 7 – blue clays and loams, 8 – sands, 9 – gravels, 10 – mollusk shells, 11 – small mammal remains.

Fig. 11. Bibionomorpha from the Solite quarries. a in How Time Flies for Flies: Diverse Diptera from the Triassic of Virginia and Early Radiation of the Order

Fig. 11. Bibionomorpha from the Solite quarries. a. Virginiptera certa Blagoderov and Grimaldi, female, VMNH 731. b. Virginiptera similis Blagoderov and Grimaldi, VMNH 825. c. Virginiptera certa, male, VMNH 2998. d. Virginiptera lativentra Blagoderov and Grimaldi, holotype male, VMNH 2923. e. Brachyrhyphus distortus Blagoderov and Grimaldi (Protorhyphidae), VMNH 2927. Not to the same scale (scales 5 0.5 mm).

Fig. 12. Assorted Diptera from the Solite quarries. a in How Time Flies for Flies: Diverse Diptera from the Triassic of Virginia and Early Radiation of the Order

Fig. 12. Assorted Diptera from the Solite quarries. a.?Crosaphis virginiensis Blagoderov and Grimaldi (Crosaphididae: Anisopodoidea). VMNH 797. b. Prosechamyia dimedia Blagoderov and Grimaldi (Prosechamyiidae), VMNH 957. c. Prosechamyia trimedia Blagoderov and Grimaldi, VMNH 1371. Prosechamyia appears to be an extinct stem group to the large, diverse lineage of flies, the Brachycera. Scales 5 0.5 mm.

Fig. 10. Bibionomorpha from the Solite quarries. a in How Time Flies for Flies: Diverse Diptera from the Triassic of Virginia and Early Radiation of the Order

Fig. 10. Bibionomorpha from the Solite quarries. a. Yalea rectimedia Blagoderov and Grimaldi (Procramptonomyiidae), VMNH 1041. b. Yalea argentata (Krzemiński) (Procramptonomyiidae), VMNH 3673. c. Alinka cara Krzemiński (Procramptonomyiidae), YPM. d. Veriplecia rugosa Blagoderov and Grimaldi (Paraxymyiidae), VMNH 35989.

Fig. 9. Psychodomorpha and Culicomorpha from the Solite quarries. a in How Time Flies for Flies: Diverse Diptera from the Triassic of Virginia and Early Radiation of the Order

Fig. 9. Psychodomorpha and Culicomorpha from the Solite quarries. a. Triassopsychoda olseni Blagoderov and Grimaldi (?Psychodidae), VMNH 733. b. Culicomorpha (Chironomoidea?), VMNH 951. c. Detail of head of culicomorphan VMNH 951 (obverse), showing a long proboscis. Long proboscides in Culicomorpha are generally associated with blood feeding, so this may be the earliest instance of specialization for blood feeding in the fossil record. Scales 5 0.5 mm.

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Text-fig. 3. Textures of main volcaniclastic deposits exposed in abandoned Ludvíkovice quarry. a: radial cracks surrounding some boulders (see arrows) in hot lahar deposit. b: jig-saw fit of fractures (see arrows) within a mega-block of debris-avalanche deposit. c: pseudo-fiamme texture of compacted argillized pumice-fall deposit. d: trachybasaltic lapilli-stone of phreato-magmatic eruption. e: palaeo-relief developed and buried within the pyroclastic unit. f: diagonal bedding in fluvial volcanigenic sandstones. g: diluted and fine-grained lahars embedded in volcanigenic sandstones. in A New Oligocene Flora From Ludvíkovice Near Děčín (České Středohoří Mts., The Czech Republic)

Text-fig. 3. Textures of main volcaniclastic deposits exposed in abandoned Ludvíkovice quarry. a: radial cracks surrounding some boulders (see arrows) in hot lahar deposit. b: jig-saw fit of fractures (see arrows) within a mega-block of debris-avalanche deposit. c: pseudo-fiamme texture of compacted argillized pumice-fall deposit. d: trachybasaltic lapilli-stone of phreato-magmatic eruption. e: palaeo-relief developed and buried within the pyroclastic unit. f: diagonal bedding in fluvial volcanigenic sandstones. g: diluted and fine-grained lahars embedded in volcanigenic sandstones.

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Text-fig. 1. Geological sketch-map of the Ludvíkovice quarry area (adopted from the on-line geological map 1: 50 000 scale of the Czech Geological Survey – https://mapy.geology.cz/ geocr50/). in A New Oligocene Flora From Ludvíkovice Near Děčín (České Středohoří Mts., The Czech Republic)

Text-fig. 1. Geological sketch-map of the Ludvíkovice quarry area (adopted from the on-line geological map 1: 50 000 scale of the Czech Geological Survey – https://mapy.geology.cz/ geocr50/).

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Text-fig. 2. a–g. Schloenbachia lymensis SPATH, 1926. a–d. S. lymensis from the Plaňany quarry. a. Lateral view. b. Ventral view. c. Whorl section (improved from Soukup 1971). d. Suture line (adopted from Soukup 1971; improved). E – external lobe, A – adventive lobe, U1 and U2 – umbilical lobes. e–g. S. lymensis from the locality Slaný. e, g. Ventro-lateral view showing larger clavi modified into spines closely to the aperture. f. Ventral view. Scale bars equal 10 mm. in Taxonomy And Stratigraphic Distribution Of The Ammonite Schloenbachia Neumayr, 1875 From The Bohemian Cretaceous Basin

Text-fig. 2. a–g. Schloenbachia lymensis SPATH, 1926. a–d. S. lymensis from the Plaňany quarry. a. Lateral view. b. Ventral view. c. Whorl section (improved from Soukup 1971). d. Suture line (adopted from Soukup 1971; improved). E – external lobe, A – adventive lobe, U1 and U2 – umbilical lobes. e–g. S. lymensis from the locality Slaný. e, g. Ventro-lateral view showing larger clavi modified into spines closely to the aperture. f. Ventral view. Scale bars equal 10 mm.

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Text-fig. 4. Known geographic distribution of Microtscoptini on a modern-day biome map (Arc-GIS feature TNC terrestrial ecoregions). 1 – Ertemte 1 and 2; 2 – Olan Chorea; 3 – Harr Obo 2; 4 – Shala; 5 – Baogeda Ula; 6 – Bilutu; 7 – Kholu (Southern Tuva); 8 – Sarayskoe (Olkhon Island); 9 – Hyargas-nuur; 10 – Petropavlovsk; 11 – Pavlodar; 12 – Akshauli; 13 – Selety 1A; 14 – Kedej 1A; 15 – Makovka; 16 – Cherevychne 3; 17 – Protopopovka 3; 18 – Verkhnya Krynytsa 2; 19 – Vasylivka 1; 20 – Lobkove; 21 – Rome; 22 – Bartlett Mountain; 23 – Bartlett Mountain (General); 24 – Juniper Creek; 25 – Little Valley; 26 – Stroud Claim; 27 – Kelley Road; 28 – Moonstone Formation; 29 – Lemoyne Quarry; 30 – Feltz Ranch; 31 – Cambridge; 32 – Rick Irwin Site; 33 – Rabbit Hole. 1–20, 30–32 – Steppe biomes, 21–29, 33 – xeric shrubland biomes. in Comments On The Age And Dispersal Of Microtoscoptini (Rodentia: Cricetidae)

Text-fig. 4. Known geographic distribution of Microtscoptini on a modern-day biome map (Arc-GIS feature TNC terrestrial ecoregions). 1 – Ertemte 1 and 2; 2 – Olan Chorea; 3 – Harr Obo 2; 4 – Shala; 5 – Baogeda Ula; 6 – Bilutu; 7 – Kholu (Southern Tuva); 8 – Sarayskoe (Olkhon Island); 9 – Hyargas-nuur; 10 – Petropavlovsk; 11 – Pavlodar; 12 – Akshauli; 13 – Selety 1A; 14 – Kedej 1A; 15 – Makovka; 16 – Cherevychne 3; 17 – Protopopovka 3; 18 – Verkhnya Krynytsa 2; 19 – Vasylivka 1; 20 – Lobkove; 21 – Rome; 22 – Bartlett Mountain; 23 – Bartlett Mountain (General); 24 – Juniper Creek; 25 – Little Valley; 26 – Stroud Claim; 27 – Kelley Road; 28 – Moonstone Formation; 29 – Lemoyne Quarry; 30 – Feltz Ranch; 31 – Cambridge; 32 – Rick Irwin Site; 33 – Rabbit Hole. 1–20, 30–32 – Steppe biomes, 21–29, 33 – xeric shrubland biomes.

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Text-fig. 1. Known geographic distribution of Microtoscoptini. 1 – Ertemte 1 and 2; 2 – Olan Chorea; 3 – Harr Obo 2; 4 – Shala; 5 – Baogeda Ula; 6 – Bilutu; 7 – Kholu (Southern Tuva); 8 – Sarayskoe (Olkhon Island); 9 – Hyargas-nuur; 10 – Petropavlovsk; 11 – Pavlodar; 12 – Akshauli; 13 – Selety 1A; 14 – Kedej 1A; 15 – Makovka; 16 – Cherevychne 3; 17 – Protopopovka 3; 18 – Verkhnya Krynytsa 2; 19 – Vasylivka 1; 20 – Lobkove; 21 – Rome; 22 – Bartlett Mountain; 23 – Bartlett Mountain (General); 24 – Juniper Creek; 25 – Little Valley; 26 – Stroud Claim; 27 – Kelley Road; 28 – Moonstone Formation; 29 – Lemoyne Quarry; 30 – Feltz Ranch; 31 – Cambridge; 32 – Rick Irwin Site; 33 – Rabbit Hole. in Comments On The Age And Dispersal Of Microtoscoptini (Rodentia: Cricetidae)

Text-fig. 1. Known geographic distribution of Microtoscoptini. 1 – Ertemte 1 and 2; 2 – Olan Chorea; 3 – Harr Obo 2; 4 – Shala; 5 – Baogeda Ula; 6 – Bilutu; 7 – Kholu (Southern Tuva); 8 – Sarayskoe (Olkhon Island); 9 – Hyargas-nuur; 10 – Petropavlovsk; 11 – Pavlodar; 12 – Akshauli; 13 – Selety 1A; 14 – Kedej 1A; 15 – Makovka; 16 – Cherevychne 3; 17 – Protopopovka 3; 18 – Verkhnya Krynytsa 2; 19 – Vasylivka 1; 20 – Lobkove; 21 – Rome; 22 – Bartlett Mountain; 23 – Bartlett Mountain (General); 24 – Juniper Creek; 25 – Little Valley; 26 – Stroud Claim; 27 – Kelley Road; 28 – Moonstone Formation; 29 – Lemoyne Quarry; 30 – Feltz Ranch; 31 – Cambridge; 32 – Rick Irwin Site; 33 – Rabbit Hole.

Text-fig. 1. Schematic maps showing location of the Prague Basin in the Barrandian area of the Czech Republic (a), the Koněprusy area (b), quarries in the Koněprusy area (c) and Jirásek's and Preisler's quarries (d). The exact location of the section described by Hladil et al. (1993) (1) and the new sections where the brachiopods were extracted (2) are figured. Abbreviations: UDI – upper dark interval, VČS-E – Velkolom Čertovy schody – východ quarry. in Rhynchonelliform Brachiopods And Trilobites Of The 'Upper Dark Interval' In The Koněprusy Area Devonian, Eifelian, Kačák Event; The Czech Republic

Text-fig. 1. Schematic maps showing location of the Prague Basin in the Barrandian area of the Czech Republic (a), the Koněprusy area (b), quarries in the Koněprusy area (c) and Jirásek's and Preisler's quarries (d). The exact location of the section described by Hladil et al. (1993) (1) and the new sections where the brachiopods were extracted (2) are figured. Abbreviations: UDI – upper dark interval, VČS-E – Velkolom Čertovy schody – východ quarry.

Text-fig. 3. Eastern wall of Jirásek's Quarry with studied section, with light-grey Acanthopyge Limestones in lower half of the wall, the UDI (in brown) in upper half followed by bioclastic breccia (Bed 46 sensu Hladil 1993) near the edge of the wall (a) and detail of UDI and adjacent limestones with the most productive beds (b). Photo January, 2019. in Rhynchonelliform Brachiopods And Trilobites Of The 'Upper Dark Interval' In The Koněprusy Area Devonian, Eifelian, Kačák Event; The Czech Republic

Text-fig. 3. Eastern wall of Jirásek's Quarry with studied section, with light-grey Acanthopyge Limestones in lower half of the wall, the UDI (in brown) in upper half followed by bioclastic breccia (Bed 46 sensu Hladil 1993) near the edge of the wall (a) and detail of UDI and adjacent limestones with the most productive beds (b). Photo January, 2019.

Text-fig. 2. Studied section in Jirásek's Quarry with essential data on lithology and samples studied on rhynchonelliform brachiopods and trilobites (black dots – productive, white dots – barren). in Rhynchonelliform Brachiopods And Trilobites Of The 'Upper Dark Interval' In The Koněprusy Area Devonian, Eifelian, Kačák Event; The Czech Republic

Text-fig. 2. Studied section in Jirásek's Quarry with essential data on lithology and samples studied on rhynchonelliform brachiopods and trilobites (black dots – productive, white dots – barren).

Text-fig. 2. P3, morphotypes of Parasorex depereti from BRS 25. a) P3 with only one lingual cusp, hypocone. b) P3 with fused protocone and hypocone, forming a ridge-like complex. c) P3 with well-developed protocone and hypocone. Scale bar 1 mm. in New Light On Parasorex Depereti (Erinaceomorpha: Erinaceidae: Galericini) From The Late Messinian (Mn 13) Of The Monticino Quarry (Brisighella, Faenza, Italy)

Text-fig. 2. P3, morphotypes of Parasorex depereti from BRS 25. a) P3 with only one lingual cusp, hypocone. b) P3 with fused protocone and hypocone, forming a ridge-like complex. c) P3 with well-developed protocone and hypocone. Scale bar 1 mm.

Text-fig. 3. Scatter diagrams of a) upper and b) lower teeth from BRS 25 (black profile), French localities (cyan; data from Crochet 1986) and Moncucco Torinese (red ones; unpublished data). in New Light On Parasorex Depereti (Erinaceomorpha: Erinaceidae: Galericini) From The Late Messinian (Mn 13) Of The Monticino Quarry (Brisighella, Faenza, Italy)

Text-fig. 3. Scatter diagrams of a) upper and b) lower teeth from BRS 25 (black profile), French localities (cyan; data from Crochet 1986) and Moncucco Torinese (red ones; unpublished data).

Text-fig. 5. A pie chart of trilobite taxa abundance at Zadní Kobyla – small quarry outcrop (Calceola-bearing locality). in Trilobite Assemblage Of Calceola -Bearing Beds In Acanthopyge Limestone (Choteč Formation, Middle Devonian, Eifelian, Prague Basin, The Czech Republic)

Text-fig. 5. A pie chart of trilobite taxa abundance at Zadní Kobyla – small quarry outcrop (Calceola-bearing locality).

Text-fig. 4. Ratio diagrams of total length of p3–m3. Parasorex depereti from BRS 25 (data from Fanfani 1999), Parasorex depereti (data from Crochet 1986), Parasorex ibericus, type locality Otura-1, Spain (Mein and Martín-Suárez 1993), Parasorex pristinus (Ziegler 2003), Apulogalerix pusillus, Gargano (fissure filling F32), Italy (Masini and Fanfani 2013). On the horizontal axis are reported the element of the series, in ordinates the ratio of the average lengths on the standard Parasorex socialis from La Grive, France (data from Masini and Fanfani 2013). in New Light On Parasorex Depereti (Erinaceomorpha: Erinaceidae: Galericini) From The Late Messinian (Mn 13) Of The Monticino Quarry (Brisighella, Faenza, Italy)

Text-fig. 4. Ratio diagrams of total length of p3–m3. Parasorex depereti from BRS 25 (data from Fanfani 1999), Parasorex depereti (data from Crochet 1986), Parasorex ibericus, type locality Otura-1, Spain (Mein and Martín-Suárez 1993), Parasorex pristinus (Ziegler 2003), Apulogalerix pusillus, Gargano (fissure filling F32), Italy (Masini and Fanfani 2013). On the horizontal axis are reported the element of the series, in ordinates the ratio of the average lengths on the standard Parasorex socialis from La Grive, France (data from Masini and Fanfani 2013).

Text-fig. 1. Location map of the Monticino quarry near Brisighella, Emilia-Romagna region, north-eastern Italy. in New Light On Parasorex Depereti (Erinaceomorpha: Erinaceidae: Galericini) From The Late Messinian (Mn 13) Of The Monticino Quarry (Brisighella, Faenza, Italy)

Text-fig. 1. Location map of the Monticino quarry near Brisighella, Emilia-Romagna region, north-eastern Italy.