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343 results for “reproductive system”
A new phylogeny of Rumex (Polygonaceae) adds evolutionary context to the diversity of reproductive systems present in the genus
<p><em>Rumex</em> is a unique member of the <em>Polygonaceae</em> family of plants. A source of intrigue for <em>Rumex</em> lies in the diversity of the reproductive systems associated with this genus. Four previously circumscribed subgenera and some two-hundred species comprise the collective <em>Rumex</em> genus. These species exhibit monoecious, dioecious, synoecious (hermaphroditic), and polygamous reproductive systems. Moreover, some of the dioecious species contain heteromorphic sex chromosomes, a phenomenon that is very rare in angiosperms. Apart from these confirmed morphological and phytogeographical distinctions, two of the four described subgenera, <em>Rumex</em> subg. <em>Acetosa</em> and <em>Rumex</em> subg. <em>Acetosella</em>, are distinctive in their sex chromosome systems. For this study, we used three chloroplast markers, <em>rbcL</em>, <em>trnH</em>-<em>psbA</em>, <em>trnL</em>-<em>F</em>, and dense taxon sampling, to reconstruct the most comprehensive molecular phylogeny of <em>Rumex</em> to date. The reconstructed phylogeny for this work resolves six major clades and one large grade in <em>Rumex</em> subg. <em>Rumex</em>. In addition, the species with known dioecious reproductive systems are resolved within a broader clade termed "<em>the dioecious clade</em>". These results suggest that the species with divergent reproductive systems are more closely related to each other than to other species comprising the rest of the <em>Rumex</em> genus. Furthermore, some species with known synoecious reproductive systems are resolved in a single clade which is also nested within "<em>the dioecious clade</em>". These results imply a possible reversal occurring over time which suggests the highly plastic nature of the reproductive systems in <em>Rumex</em> species.</p>
A real-time feedback system stabilises the regulation of worker reproduction under various colony sizes
<p>Based on individual trait expression, an agent-based simulation was used to identify an explicit mechanism for understanding colony size dependent behaviour. This is the code for and data from the agent-based simulation</p>
Data from: Mating system variation and gene expression in the male reproductive tract of Peromyscus mice
<p>Genes involved in reproduction often evolve rapidly at the sequence level due to postcopulatory sexual selection (PCSS) driven by male-male competition and male-female sexual conflict, but the impact of PCSS on gene expression has been under-explored. Further, though multiple tissues contribute to male reproductive success, most studies have focused on the testes. To explore the influence of mating system variation on reproductive tract gene expression in natural populations, we captured adult males from monogamous <em>Peromyscus californicus</em> and polygynandrous<em> P. boylii</em> and <em>P. maniculatus</em>. We generated RNAseq libraries, quantified gene expression in the testis, seminal vesicle, epididymis, and liver, and identified 3,627 mating system-associated differentially expressed genes (MS-DEGs), where expression shifted in the same direction in <em>P. maniculatus</em> and <em>P. boylii</em> relative to <em>P. californicus</em>. Gene expression variation was most strongly associated with mating behavior in the seminal vesicles, where 89% of differentially expressed genes were MS-DEGs, including key seminal fluid proteins <em>Svs2</em> and <em>Pate4</em>. We also used published rodent genomes to test for positive and relaxed selection on <em>Peromyscus</em>-expressed genes. Though we did not observe more overlap than expected by chance between MS-DEGs and positively selected genes, 203 MS-DEGs showed evidence of positive selection. Fourteen reproductive genes were under tree-wide positive selection but convergent relaxed selection in <em>P. californicus</em> and <em>Microtus ochrogaster</em>, a distantly related monogamous species. Changes in transcript abundance and gene sequence evolution in association with mating behavior suggest that male mice may respond to sexual selection intensity by altering aspects of sperm motility, sperm-egg binding, and copulatory plug formation.</p>
Fig. 6 in Fig. 3 in Fig. 1. Norileca indica and its protandrous hermaphroditic reproductive system. A in Chloeia incerta de Quatrefages 1866
Fig. 6. Monthly prevalence of N. indica along the Malabar Coast of Kerala during the study period.
Interspecific interactions regulate plant reproductive allometry in cereal-legume intercropping systems
<p>1. Calls for the application of ecological principles in agriculture have gained momentum. Intercropping systems are designed by growing two, or more, annual crop species in the same field, aiming for a better resource use efficiency. However, assembly rules for their design are lacking. Notably, it is unknown whether species performances are maximized during both the vegetative and reproductive phases given the sensitivity of reproductive allocation rules to resource limitation. Interestingly, ecological theory provides expectations regarding putative invariance of plant reproductive allometry (PRA) under non-limiting conditions for plant growth. Here we examined whether and how PRA changes in response to plant-plant interactions in intercropping systems, which can inform both ecological theory and the understanding of the functioning of intercropping systems.</p> <p>2. We analyzed a dataset of 28 field cereal-legume intercropping trials from various climatic and management conditions across Western Europe. PRA was quantified in both mixing and single-species situations.</p> <p>3. PRA was positively impacted in specific management conditions, leading to a greater increase in yield for a given increase in plant size. Variations in PRA were more beneficial for legumes grown in unfertilized mixtures, which explains their use as a key component in actual intercropping systems. The response for cereals was similar but less pronounced in magnitude, and was greater under resource limiting conditions. Focusing on intercropping conditions, hierarchical competition (indicated by biomass difference between intercropped species) appears as a strong driver of the reproductive output of a given species.</p> <p>4. Synthesis and applications. PRA behaves in crop species in the same way as it does in wild species. However, contrary to theoretical expectations about an overall invariance of PRA, we highlighted taxon-specific and context-dependent effects of plant-plant interactions on PRA. This systematic deviation to PRA expectations could be leveraged to cultivate each species up to its reproductive optimum while accounting for the performance of the other, whether farmer's objective is to favor one species or to reach an equilibrium in seed production. Sowing density and cultivar choice could regulate the biomass of each component, with specific targets derived from allometric relationships, aiming for an optimal reproductive allocation in mixtures.21-Jul-2021</p>
Figure 5 in Comparative morphological study of female internal reproductive system among nine species in the genus Tipula (Diptera: Tipulidae)
Figure 5. Female internal reproductive system of T. (S.) parvauricula. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.
Figure 8 in Comparative morphological study of female internal reproductive system among nine species in the genus Tipula (Diptera: Tipulidae)
Figure 8. Female internal reproductive system of T. (Y.) couckei. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.
Figure 7 in Comparative morphological study of female internal reproductive system among nine species in the genus Tipula (Diptera: Tipulidae)
Figure 7. Female internal reproductive system of T. (V.) sternotuberculata. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.
Figure 1 in Comparative morphological study of female internal reproductive system among nine species in the genus Tipula (Diptera: Tipulidae)
Figure 1. Female internal reproductive system of T. (B.) amurensis. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.
Figure 6 in Comparative morphological study of female internal reproductive system among nine species in the genus Tipula (Diptera: Tipulidae)
Figure 6. Female internal reproductive system of T. (V.) longitudinalis. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.
Figure 4 in Comparative morphological study of female internal reproductive system among nine species in the genus Tipula (Diptera: Tipulidae)
Figure 4. Female internal reproductive system of T. (P.) biaciculifera. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.
Figure 3 in Comparative morphological study of female internal reproductive system among nine species in the genus Tipula (Diptera: Tipulidae)
Figure 3. Female internal reproductive system of T. (L.) submanca. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.
A new phylogeny of Rumex (Polygonaceae) adds evolutionary context to the diversity of reproductive systems present in the genus
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Interspecific interactions regulate plant reproductive allometry in cereal-legume intercropping systems
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Reproductive systems of Hohenbergia Schult. & Schult.f. (Bromelioideae: Bromeliaceae) endemic to the Atlantic Forest
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Data from: Mating system variation and gene expression in the male reproductive tract of Peromyscus mice
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Data for: Spatial prey availability and pulsed reproductive tactics: encounter risk in a canid-ungulate system
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Supplemental data from: Contraction and expansion: global geographical variation in reproductive systems of Primula is driven by different mechanisms
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FIGURE 4. Asteronotus, reproductive system. A in A tale of two genera: the revival of Hoplodoris (Nudibranchia: Discodorididae) with the description of new species of Hoplodoris and Asteronotus
FIGURE 4. Asteronotus, reproductive system. A. Asteronotus markaensis sp. nov. CASIZ 192316A(scale bar = 1mm).B. Asteronotus namuro sp. nov. CASIZ 192297 (scale bar = 1mm). Abbreviations: A, ampulla; AG, accessory gland; BC, bursa copulatrix; FGM, female gland mass; P, penis; PR, prostate; RS, receptaculum seminis; UD, uterine duct; V, vagina.
The intensity of sexual selection, body size and reproductive success in a mating system with male-male combat: Is bigger better?
Body size is a key selected trait in many animal systems: larger size is sexually selected for in males because it confers a reproductive advantage during contest competition for access to females, and larger females are naturally selected for fecundity. Herein, we used radio-telemetry to gather a large dataset of male-female interactions and DNA paternity analyses to characterize the intensity of sexual selection and the link between two body size metrics (body length and condition, the latter manipulated experimentally for males) and reproductive success in a population of puff adders (Bitis arietans). Our multiple estimates of the intensity of sexual selection generally indicated that males experienced stronger sexual selection than females. However, the Bateman gradients did not differ by sex, despite the fact that males increased reproductive success by mating with multiple females while females did not. We also found no strong evidence that females experienced indirect fitness benefits through multiple matings. Body size was not a key predictor of male reproductive success, and for females, body condition—but not body length—was the critical fecundity trait. Altogether, a combination of factors suggests that post–copulatory mechanisms of sexual selection (e.g., sperm competition, cryptic female choice) may play critical roles in this mating system and perhaps that of other snakes. We interpret our findings in the context of sexual conflict—a ubiquitous and potent driver of mating strategy evolution—to propose a scenario for the evolution of female promiscuity that is applicable to many other animal systems where males roam widely to locate females at high costs.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.