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Daily river metabolism using oxygen flux at 75 sites in Mongolia or the United States in steppe ecoregions
We obtained GIS data to indicate local geomorphology and watershed-scale values for land use, climate, slope, and elevation for each sampling site. We selected our sites using the GIS-based program RESonate (Williams et al., 2013) to represent replicates in multiple watersheds of different geomorphic patches or Functional Process Zones (FPZs). The FPZs are reoccurring longitudinal geomorphic patches that are hypothesized to control biocomplexity, including community composition and system productivity (Thorp et al., 2006). A detailed description of the FPZ delineation methodology we employed has been provided previously (Maasri et al., 2019a; Erdenee et al., 2021). We classified each study site hierarchically by country, ecoregion, river basin, upper (streams higher in the watershed) or lower (low slope rivers of lower elevations), and relatively constrained valley or wide valley. This approach allowed us to assess reach-scale properties that could directly influence the physiological controls most often collected alongside metabolism data. This provided a framework to evaluate how we may understand the determinants of metabolism at multiple scales. We studied three large-scale temperate steppe ecoregions (Terminal Basin, TB; Montane Steppe, MS; and Grassland Steppe, GS) as characterized by Olson et al. (2001) and updated by Dinerstein et al. (2017) in two countries (Mongolia and the United States, Fig. 2). We aggregated our large-scale ecoregions for the US as follows: TB = Great Basin shrub steppe and Sierra Nevada forest, MS = South Central Rockies forest and Wyoming Basin shrub steppe, GS = Nebraska Sand Hills mixed grasslands and Northern Shortgrass prairie. We aggregated our large-scale ecoregions for Mongolia as follows: TB = Altai mountains forest and forest steppe, Gobi Lakes Valley desert steppe, Great Lakes Basin desert steppe, and Khangai Mountains alpine meadows, MS = Selenge-Orkhon forest steppe and Syan Mountains conifer forests, GS = Daurian Forest s
Stanislaus River Steelhead Life Cycle Monitoring Program
The Stanislaus River Steelhead Life Cycle Monitoring Program is an ongoing survey starting in 2021 that aims to estimate the amount of steelhead (Onocorhynchus mykiss) present in the Stanislaus River by recording steelhead and redds observed. In addition to estimating the amount of steelhead, the survey aims to collect data relevant to steelhead spawning, documenting environmental conditions such as temperature and flow, and recording other fish activity present.
Monitoring adult Chinook salmon upstream passage on Yuba River
Adult salmonid data on the Yuba River is collected and managed by the Yuba Water Agency and the California Department of Water Resources. Upstream passage data is collected year-round at Daguerre Point Dam, 24 hours a day and 7 days a week. Data from this monitoring is modeled by Brian Poxon and Paul Bratovich to produce estimates of adult escapement (upstream passage) abundance. These data will also be used to inform the development of a juvenile production estimate (JPE) for spring-run Chinook salmon in the Sacramento River Watershed.
Gas exchange velocities (k600), gas exchange rates (K600), and hydraulic geometries for streams and rivers derived from the NEON Reaeration field and lab collection data product (DP1.20190.001)
This dataset contains estimates of gas exchange velocity, gas exchange rate, and hydraulic parameters for streams calculated from tracer-gas experiments and conservative tracer injections collected by the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON). All input data were collected by NEON and is available on the NEON data portal at https://data.neonscience.org. Specifically, the NEON Reaeration field and lab collection data product (DP1.20190.001) was used to calculate these estimates. Gas exchange was estimated in two ways: first, following an unpooled frequentist approach and second, following a partially pooled Bayesian approach. In addition, a salt-correction was applied to gas exchange estimates for sites where it was possible and necessary. All estimates of gas exchange are included in the file gasExchange_ds.csv. A recommended selection of these estimates is included in the dataset (best_k600_mPerDay and best_K600_mPerDay). The stanfit objects used for the partially pooled Bayesian approach are also included as site-specific model objects for gas exchange velocities and rates. In addition, water velocity was calculated from conservative tracer injections, and mean water depth was calculated from these water velocity estimates and measurements of wetted width and water discharge. All hydraulic parameters are included in the file hydraulics_ds.csv. All processing code is available in the reaRates R package. NEON is sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and operated under cooperative agreement by Battelle. This material is based in part upon work supported by NSF through the NEON Program.
Distribution and habitat use of juvenile Feather River salmonids: 25 years and ongoing of snorkel surveys
Since 1999, the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) has conducted annual snorkel surveys to monitor juvenile salmon on the Feather River. The objective of this data collection effort is to determine the relative abundance and distribution of rearing juvenile Chinook salmon and steelhead. A secondary objective is to collect baseline data for future monitoring programs associated with habitat restoration projects. Crews survey units within 20 sampling sections on the high flow (HFC) and low flow channel (LFC) between January and September and collect information on species, fish size, substrate, cover, and habitat type. This dataset represents an extensive time series that could be used to identify habitat conditions where juvenile Chinook salmon and steelhead occur and how these conditions have changed over time. These data were published to support the Healthy Rivers and Landscapes Program.
Water Monitoring of the Choptank River and Pocomoke River, Maryland, USA
Water monitoring at four locations on the Choptank River and four locations on the Pocomoke River in Maryland, U.S.A., was conducted from 2021 through 2023. Funding and scientific rationale were provided by the National Science Foundation grant 2049073 (“Resolving Sediment Connectivity between Rivers and Estuaries by Tracking Particles with their Microbial Genetic Signature”). The monitoring locations were chosen to measure estuary dynamics from the tidal freshwater zone through the mesohaline estuary. Parameters measured included water temperature, water level, water conductivity (reported as specific conductivity), water turbidity, and water velocity.
Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Yellow Perch and Bluegill Diet Study, Lower Pool 4 Mississippi River, 2018-2019
To assess potential dietary overlap and predation between bluegill and yellow perch, we examined stomach content of both species in three backwater contiguous lakes of Lower Pool 4 in the Mississippi River from May 2018 through January 2019. In this area, bluegill have been common for decades, but yellow perch only became abundant following an ecological shift to a clear-water, macrophyte dominated state that occurred from 2007 - 2007. We used daytime electrofishing to collect fish during open-water sampling (spring, summer, and fall) and ice angling during ice-covered sampling (winter). The dataset documents the diet content of one hundred and eighty-nine yellow perch and sixty-one bluegill. Stomach contents were extracted via gastric lavage in the spring, summer, and fall and via stomach removal in the winter. All prey items were categorized to lowest identifiable taxonomic level and quantified via volumetric displacement.
Juvenile Salmonid Emigration Monitoring in the Stanislaus River at Oakdale, California, 1996-2023
The operation of the rotary screw trap on the lower Stanislaus River at Oakdale Recreation Area is one of the longest-running datasets (1996-2023) in the Central Valley for juvenile salmonids. The primary objectives of the study are to collect data that can be used to estimate the passage of juvenile fall-run Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and to quantify the raw catch of Oncorhynchus mykiss. Secondary objectives of the trapping operations focus on collecting biological data on juvenile salmonids and gathering environmental data that will be used to develop models that correlate environmental parameters with salmonid size, temporal presence, abundance, and production.
High-frequency time series of inorganic carbon chemistry in the Upper Clark Fork River (Montana, USA) during the summer of 2021.
This dataset was collected in the Upper Clark Fork River, MT from July to August in 2021. The dataset contains high-frequency measurements of dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, partial pressure of carbon dioxide and other environmental variables.
Biological and Physical Monitoring Data of Restored Oyster Reef in Savannah River, Savannah, GA from May 2023 - February 2025
For the purposes of this study, we constructed two oyster reefs in Savannah, GA, USA using standard spat-on-shell restoration methodology. Reefs were constructed 1-2 meters from the marsh edge to reduce wave energy as it approached the shoreline, similar to a breakwater. We then conducted monitoring on the biological function of the reef, including live juvenile oyster coverage, size, and abundance for approximately 18 months. We also quantified the energy flux of waves offshore and onshore of the reef using water pressure measurements to determine the capability of these reefs at reducing wave energy. The oyster reefs in this study decreased wave energy by up to 40% compared to paired, non-reef control sites. Constructed oyster reefs also experienced healthy oyster population growth throughout the study, with live juvenile coverage of 17-40% almost 18 months post-deployment. This study took place in an erosion-prone area due to recreational and commercial boating traffic at the nearby Port of Savannah. Our results indicate that using restored oyster reefs as living shorelines is a technique with high potential for preventing shoreline loss in coastal areas vulnerable to anthropogenically-caused erosion. Restored Reef Site 1: 32.067957°, -80.985005° Control Site 1: 32.0675194°, -80.986369° Restored Reef Site 2: 32.062663°, -80.965147° Control Site 2: 32.063261°, -80.965889°
National Park Service - South Florida/Caribbean Inventory & Monitoring Network - SARI SET Surface Water level data from Salt River Bay National Historical Park and Ecological Preserve, St. Croix, US Virgin Islands.
Surface water level data (m) was collected in Salt River Bay National Historic Park and Ecological Preserve (SARI) by the South Florida/Caribbean Inventory and Monitoring Network (SFCN) as part of the Soil Elevation Table (SET) vital sign monitoring program. Water level data collected from 2017 to 2024 is included in this dataset. The water level data was collected using HOBOware Onset Water Level Data Loggers. This data-package is complete.
Dissolved oxygen data for Tijuana River Estuary Boca Rio site, 2025-02-25 to 2025-04-30
Dissolved oxygen and water temperature data are provided from two sensor locations on a floating mooring deployed in the center of the estuary channel at the Boca Rio site in Tijuana River National Estuarine Research Reserve, for the period 2025-02-25 to 2025-04-30. Data were collected using MiniDOT sensor from Precision Measurement Engineering.
DRIFteRS: A dataset of drift invertebrate densities in streams and rivers across western North America, 1997–2024
Prey availability is among the most influential and highly variable determinants of fish growth and freshwater habitat carrying capacity, yet it remains understudied compared to physical habitat variables (Rosenfeld et al. 2014; Weber et al. 2017; Ouellet et al. 2025). We often lack a clear understanding of how much food is available to fishes, how it varies spatially and temporally, and how it influences responses to restoration (Wipfli et al. 2010; Ouellet et al. 2025; Rossi et al. 2024). Drift invertebrates—the primary food source for juvenile salmonids and other drift-foraging fishes—play a pivotal role in these dynamics. To better understand the spatial and temporal variability of drift invertebrate abundance and biomass across the freshwater range of drift-feeding salmonids in western North America, we compiled the DRIFteRS dataset (DRift Invertebrates For salmonids in River Systems). The dataset encompasses 6,159 samples of drift invertebrates, and, for a subset of drift samples, associated benthic invertebrate density data, collected from 1,360 reaches on 459 unique rivers and streams spanning 55 river basins considered hydrologically independent (i.e., not nested within the same larger watershed) across British Columbia, Canada, and the U.S. states of Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. Sample sites represent a diverse array of river and stream habitats (e.g., headwater, mainstem, side channel), in watersheds with diverse land uses (e.g., urban, wilderness, agricultural), and disturbance histories (e.g., fire, restoration). Collected between 1997 and 2024, the data span the full calendar year and capture daily and seasonal patterns in drift abundance and biomass densities. When paired with water quality and quantity data as well as remotely sensed environmental landscape data, such as land use / land cover, climate, and disturbance history, channel morphology, and riparian vegetation compo
Linking river metabolism time series and aquatic vegetation biomass at 11 sites along the Klamath River, California (summer 2019)
Algae blooms in rivers are difficult to quantify due to high heterogeneity, deep and swift conditions, seasonally rapid changes, and the high amount of surveyor effort needed to document river conditions. The data presented here were used to test the extent that summer time series of daily metabolism data reflected the quantity and type of vegetation biomass in a highly productive river with variable primary producer assemblages. Two categories of data are included in this data release: 1) Daily ecosystem metabolism estimates (gross primary production, GPP, ecosystem respiration, ER, and net ecosystem production, NEP), and 2) Reach scale biomass of 3 vegetation assemblages. In addition to these data products, we include the input data used to estimate metabolism, which includes high frequency measurements of dissolved oxygen, water temperature, and light. We also included the raw data used to estimate reach scale biomass, including measurements of filamentous algal and macrophyte percent cover and field samples analyzed for ash free dry mass, which were used to scale field observations of cover to reach scale biomass estimates. Metabolism and vegetation biomass data were collected at 11 reaches along the mid and lower Klamath River, California during summer 2019.
Infauna from the York River Estuary, Chesapeake Bay, Spring Fall 2022
Sediment macroinfauna were sampled at 7 sites in the York River Estuary in Spring and Fall, 2022, as part of a project relating infaunal community structure to physical properties of sediments.
Metabolism estimates from dissolved oxygen and inorganic carbon in the Judith River Watershed, MT, USA, 2019-2021.
This dataset provides necessary supporting data and models for the manuscript titled "Stream corridor structure drives patterns in lateral inorganic carbon inputs and CO2 emissions in agricultural headwaters". The entire dataset consists of sensor data, alkalinity and metabolism estimates from oxygen and carbon models, collected in three reaches located in the Judith River Watershed, MT. The sensor data include partial pressure of carbon dioxide in water, dissolved oxygen and temperature. At each reach, we established a two station approach, meaning two pairs of sensor suits were distributed upstream and downstream. In addition to data products, we also provide R packages for metabolism models.
Lake Superior NERR, Black Ash Habitat and Breeding Bird Survey, St. Louis River Estuary, WI, 2021
This dataset documented breeding bird communities within black ash forest stands along the shores of the St. Louis River Estuary in 2021. Breeding bird abundance was measured across multiple black ash stands that varied in canopy cover percent, understory density, and overall structural complexity. Data from this work supports the Lake Superior National Estuarine Research Reserve and collaborating partners in their ongoing ecological monitoring and habitat management in the St. Louis River Estuary. Data could be compiled with other regional breeding bird surveys or forestry data.
Impacts of invasive species on food web energy pathways and quality, St. Lawrence River, 2018-2021.
This dataset contains field measurements collected between 2018 and 2021 from three fluvial lakes in the Upper St. Lawrence River (Canada), including both invaded systems (with dreissenid mussels and round goby) and uninvaded reference sites. Data include georeferenced sampling information (site, lake, latitude, longitude, month, year), water chemistry (total phosphorus, µg/L; conductivity, µS/cm), and habitat descriptors (substrate). Biological records encompass seston, macroinvertebrates, and fish. Fish data comprise species identity, sex, total length (mm), weight (g), relative weight index (Wr), and detailed fatty acid composition expressed as relative proportions (%) and concentrations (µg/mg), including essential LC-PUFAs (EPA, DHA), n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Stable isotope data are provided, including carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) ratios, C:N ratios, and isotopic baselines from pelagic (δ13Cpel, δ15Npel) and benthic (δ13Cben, δ15Nben) sources. Derived variables, such as pelagic diet proportion and trophic position, were calculated using the two-source mixing model described by Post (2002) (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[0703:USITET]2.0.CO;2). These data provide a comprehensive resource for examining food web structure, energy pathways, and the ecological impacts of invasive species in large river ecosystems.
Water Depth in St. Louis River Estuary, Superior WI, Manoomin Beds, 2020
This dataset contains summer water depth data from 2020, at four locations in the St. Louis River Estuary. Water depth was measured within manoomin/wild rice beds at each site using pressure loggers. This data supports ongoing work at Lake Superior National Estuarine Research Reserve to understand ecological impacts to wetland condition and supports partners conducting manoomin restoration in the estuary. Data could be used with other wild rice or wetland plant research projects, or generally to understand differences in water depth fluctuation in different areas of the estuary.
CO₂ and related biogeochemical data from permafrost rivers on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (2016–2018, 2023)
This dataset includes four years of direct measurements from 50 permafrost rivers in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau’s major Asian headwaters (Yellow, Yangtze, Lancang, Nu, Derung, Yarlung Tsangpo, Marja Tsangpo, and Indus Rivers), collected during the ice-free seasons (April–October) of 2016–2018 and 2023. It includes CO₂ partial pressure (pCO₂) and emission rates, concentrations of DOC, DIC, and major dissolved ions, carbon (δ¹³C), sulfur (δ³⁴S), and oxygen (δ¹⁸O) isotopes, alongside site location and other physiochemical data. Given its scarcity and scientific significance, this dataset will greatly support updates to global river CO2 flux estimates.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.