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Fig. 2 in Feeding convergence among ray-finned fishes: Teeth of the herbivorous actinopterygians from the latest Permian of East European Platform, Russia

Fig. 2. The isolated teeth of actinopterygian fish Isadia from the Sokovka outcrop, Vyazniki, Russia, late Permian (Upper Vyatkian). A–D. Isadia aristoviensis Minikh, 1990, mandibulary teeth. A. ZPAL V.51/1, lingual view. B. ZPAL V.51/2, labial view. C. ZPAL V.51/3, lingual view. D. ZPAL V.51/4, labial view. E–I. Isadia aristoviensis Minikh, 1990, maxillary teeth. E. ZPAL V.51/6, lingual view. F. ZPAL V.51/7, labial view. G. ZPAL V.51/5, lingual view. H. ZPAL V.51/8, lingual view. I. ZPAL V.51/9, labial view. J. Isadia arefievi Minikh, 2015, ZPAL V.51/10, mandibular tooth,?lingual view. K, L. Isadia suchonensis Minikh, 1986, mandibular teeth. K. ZPAL V.51/11, lingual (K1) and lateral (K2) views. L. ZPAL V.51/12, labial view. M. Isadia suchonensis Minikh, 1986, ZPAL V.51/13, maxillary teeth,?labial view. Scale bars 1 mm (A–I), 0.5 mm (J, K, M), 0.2 mm (L).

Fig. 10 in A new assessment of the Late Devonian antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira from South Timan (Russia) and the biotic crisis near the Frasnian-Famennian boundary

Fig. 10. Antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira jeremejevi (Rohon, 1900), Sosnogorsk locality, Sosnogorsk Formation, lowermost Famennian, anterior dorso-lateral (A–D, F, left; E, right) and left mixilateral (G–I, right) plates of the trunk armour. A. IG KSC 155/116 in dorsal (A1) and visceral (A2) views. B. IG KSC 155/111. C. IG KSC 155/61. D. IG KSC 155/60. E. IG KSC 155/136. F. IG KSC 155/112. G. IG KSC 155/110. H. Incomplete IG KSC 155/144. I. IG KSC 155/115. B–E, G–I, in dorsal views; F, in lateral view. Abbreviations: ADL, anterior ventro-lateral plate; AMD, anterior median dorsal plate; AVL, anterior ventro-lateral plate; cf.AMD, area overlapping AMD; dlg2, posterior oblique dorsal sensory line groove; dlr, dorso-lateral ridge of trunk armour; dxp, dorso-ventral pit-line groove; lcg, main lateral line groove; oa.ADL, oa.AMD, oa.AVL, oa.PMD, area overlapped by ADL, AMD, AVL or PMD respectively; PMD, posterior median dorsal plate; pnoa, postnuchal ornamented corner of ADL; pro, processus obstans of trunk armour.

Fig. 12 in A new assessment of the Late Devonian antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira from South Timan (Russia) and the biotic crisis near the Frasnian-Famennian boundary

Fig. 12. Antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira jeremejevi (Rohon, 1900), Sosnogorsk locality, Sosnogorsk Formation, lowermost Famennian, posterior ventro-lateral plates, left (A) and right (B, C) of the trunk armour. A. IG KSC 155/4 in ventral (A1) and lateral (A2) views. B. IG KSC 155/16 in ventral view. C. IG KSC 155/78 in ventral view.

Fig. 14 in A new assessment of the Late Devonian antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira from South Timan (Russia) and the biotic crisis near the Frasnian-Famennian boundary

Fig. 14. Antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira jeremejevi (Rohon, 1900), reconstruction of the head, the trunk armour and the pectoral fins in ventral view, based on IG KSC 155/10-1, IG KSC 155/10-2, and IG KSC 155/10- 3. Abbreviations: AVL, anterior ventro-lateral plate; Cv1–4, ventral central plate 1 to 4; Ifg, inferognathal plate; La, lateral plate; Ml2–5, lateral marginal plates 2 to 5; Mm4, mesial marginal plate 4; MV, median ventral plate; Prl, prelateral plate; Prm, premedian plate; PVL, posterior ventro-lateral plate; SM, semilunar plate; SMg, submarginal plate; T, terminal plate.

Fig. 8 in A new assessment of the Late Devonian antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira from South Timan (Russia) and the biotic crisis near the Frasnian-Famennian boundary

Fig. 8. Reconstruction of the head shield of antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira jeremejevi (Rohon, 1900), based on partial head shield (IG KSC 71/1-87), left (IG KSC 155/15), and right (IG KSC 155/65) lateral plates. Abbreviations: cir, semicircular pit-line groove; csl, central sensory line groove; d.end, opening of canal for endolymphatic duct; ifc1, principal section of infraorbital sensory line; ifc2, branch of infraorbital sensory line diverging on La; La, lateral plate; mp, middle pit-line groove; Nu, nuchal plate; Pmg, postmarginal plate; Pn, paranuchal plate; Pp, postpineal plate; Prm, premedian plate; prh, preorbital recess of head shield; soc, anterior section of the supraorbital sensory line; socc, supraoccipital cross-commissural pit-line groove.

Fig. 7 in A new assessment of the Late Devonian antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira from South Timan (Russia) and the biotic crisis near the Frasnian-Famennian boundary

Fig. 7. Antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira jeremejevi (Rohon, 1900), paranuchal (A) and postpineal and nuchal (B), plates of the head shield. A. IG KSC 155/117 in dorsal (A1) and visceral (A2) views. B. Articulated plates IG KSC 155/154 in dorsal (B1) and visceral (B2) views.Abbreviations: cr.o, median occipital crest of head shield; cr.pm, paramarginal crest of head shield; cr.pto, postorbital crest of head shield; cr.tv, transverse nuchal crest of head shield; csl, central sensory line groove; d.end, opening of canal for endolymphatic duct; g, paired pits on Pp; ifc1, principal section of infraorbital sensory line; mp, middle pit-line groove; nm, obtected nuchal area of head shield; Nu, nuchal plate; ood, otico-occipital depression of head shield; Pp, postpineal plate; socc, supraoccipital cross-commissural pit-line groove; sot, supraotic thickening of head shield.

Fig. 5 in A new assessment of the Late Devonian antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira from South Timan (Russia) and the biotic crisis near the Frasnian-Famennian boundary

Fig. 5. Antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira jeremejevi (Rohon, 1900), lateral (A–G, I) and premedian (H) plates of the head shield. A. IG KSC 155/15 in dorsal view. B. IG KSC 155/67 in dorsal (B1) and visceral (B2) views. C. IG KSC 155/129 in dorsal view. D. IG KSC 155/74 in dorsal view. E. IG KSC 155/65 in dorsal view. F. IG KSC 155/66 in dorsal (F1) and visceral (F2) views. G. IG KSC 155/69 in dorsal view. H. IG KSC 155/114 in dorsal view. I. IG KSC 155/64 in dorsal view. Abbreviations: a1Sm and a2Sm, anterior and posterior attachment areas on lateral plate for submarginal plate; a.Prl, attachment area on lateral plate for prelateral plate; cir, semicircular pit-line groove; csl, central sensory line groove; ifc1, principal section of infraorbital sensory line; ifc2, branch of infraorbital sensory line diverging on La; nprl, prelateral notch of head shield; p, lateral pit of head shield; prh, preorbital recess of head shield; pr.po, antero-lateral corner of otico-occipital depression; soc, anterior section of the supraorbital sensory line; spg, spiracular groove of head shield.

Fig. 3 in A new assessment of the Late Devonian antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira from South Timan (Russia) and the biotic crisis near the Frasnian-Famennian boundary

Fig. 3. Antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira jeremejevi (Rohon, 1900), Sosnogorsk locality, Sosnogorsk Formation, lowermost Famennian, separate plates and parts of articulated head shields. A. Articulated Nu, left Pn and left La plates IG KSC 155/90 in dorsal view. B. Disarticulated plates of the head shield IG KSC 155/150 in dorsal view. C. Part of articulated head shield IG KSC 155/162 in dorsal view. D. Imprint of the ventral wall of trunk armour and some skeletal elements of the head armour IG KSC 155/10-3 in ventral view showing suborbital and infragnathal bones. Abbreviations: AVL, anterior ventro-lateral plate; cir, semicircular pit-line groove; csl, central sensory line groove; d.end, opening of canal for endolymphatic duct; ifc1, principal section of infraorbital sensory line; IG, inferognathal; La, lateral plate; Nu, nuchal plate; mp, middle pit-line groove; Pn, paranuchal plate; Pp, postpineal plate; Prm, premedian plate; SO, suborbital plate; socc, supraoccipital cross-commissural pit-line groove.

Fig. 4 in A new assessment of the Late Devonian antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira from South Timan (Russia) and the biotic crisis near the Frasnian-Famennian boundary

Fig. 4. Antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira jeremejevi (Rohon, 1900), Sosnogorsk locality, Sosnogorsk Formation, lowermost Famennian, lateral A–G), premedian (H), and left postmarginal (I) plates of the head shield. A. IG KSC 155/15 in dorsal view. B. IG KSC 155/67 in dorsal (B1) and visceral B2) views. C. IG KSC 155/129 in dorsal view. D. IG KSC 155/65 in visceral (D1) and dorsal (D2) views. E. IG KSC 155/66 in dorsal (E1), right lateral (E2), and visceral (E3) views. F. IG KSC 155/69 in dorsal view. G. IG KSC 155/64 in dorsal view. H. IG KSC 155/114 in dorsal (H1) and anterior (H2) views.. Plate disconnected from the partial head shield IG KSC 155/161, in dorsal view.

Fig. 2 in A new assessment of the Late Devonian antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira from South Timan (Russia) and the biotic crisis near the Frasnian-Famennian boundary

Fig. 2. Lithology and stratigraphy of the Sosnogorsk locality. "Fish-dolomite", bed No. 40 is located about 8 m above the base of the section. Abbreviations: D3f, Upper Devonian, Frasnian; D3fm, Upper Devonian, Famennian.

Fig. 1 in A new assessment of the Late Devonian antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira from South Timan (Russia) and the biotic crisis near the Frasnian-Famennian boundary

Fig. 1. Geographical and geological setting of the type locality of Bothriolepis leptocheira jeremejevi (Rohon, 1900): sketch-maps of Russia (A) and Komi Republic (B) and geological map of Ukhta-Sosnogorsk area, from Yukhtanov et al. (2008), amended (C). The Natural Geological Monument Sosnovskiy" (Sosnogorsk fossil site) is marked by the black square. Abbreviations: D3f1, Upper Devonian, lower Frasnian; D3f2, Upper Devonian, middle Frasnian; D3f3, Upper Devonian, upper Frasnian; D3fm1, Upper Devonian, lower Famennian; C1, Carboniferous, Mississippian; J2, Middle Jurassic.

Fig. 11 in A new assessment of the Late Devonian antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira from South Timan (Russia) and the biotic crisis near the Frasnian-Famennian boundary

Fig. 11. Antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira jeremejevi (Rohon, 1900), Sosnogorsk locality, Sosnogorsk Formation, lowermost Famennian, partial ventral wall (A, B), anterior ventro-lateral (AVL) (C, D, left; E, right), and median ventral (F–J) plates of the trunk armour, and elements of pectoral fin. A. Impression of partial ventral wall of the trunk armour, inferognathals, and suborbitals IG KSC 155/10-2 in ventral view. B. Partial ventral wall of the trunk armour with articulated pectoral fin armour IG KSC 155/10-1 in ventral view. C. IG KSC 155/151 (C1) and enlargened part of the ventral lamina with pathologies (C2, arrows). D. IG KSC 155/122 in ventral view. E. IG KSC 155/123 in ventral view. F. IG KSC 155/104 with the bite mark (arrow) → in ventral (F1) and visceral (F2) views. G. IG KSC 155/76 in ventral view. H. IG KSC 155/77 in ventral view. I. IG KSC 155/133 in ventral view. J. IG KSC 155/106 in ventral view. Abbreviations: AVL, anterior ventro-lateral plate; Cd1–2, dorsal central plates 1 and 2; Cv1, ventral central plate 1; cit1, crista transversalis interna anterior; cit2, transverse thickening on the visceral surface of AVL; ds, distal segment of the pectoral fin armour; Ifg, inferognathal; Ml2, lateral marginal plate 2; Mm2, mesial marginal plate 2; MV, median ventral plate; PVL, posterior ventro-lateral plate; SO, suborbital plate.

Fig. 6 in A new assessment of the Late Devonian antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira from South Timan (Russia) and the biotic crisis near the Frasnian-Famennian boundary

Fig. 6. Antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira jeremejevi (Rohon, 1900), Sosnogorsk locality, Sosnogorsk Formation, lowermost Famennian, postpineal A–C, E, G), nuchal (D–G, I, K–M), and paranuchal (H, J, L, M) plates of the head shield. A. IG KSC 155/54-2, disconnected from the Nu IG KSC 155/54-1, in dorsal (A1) and visceral (A2) views. B. IG KSC 155/146 in dorsal (B1) and visceral (B2) views. C. IG KSC 155/155 in dorsal (C1) and visceral C2) views. D. IG KSC 155/58 in dorsal view. E. Articulated plates IG KSC 155/118 in dorsal view. F. IG KSC 155/53 in dorsal (F1), visceral (F2), and posterior (F3) views. G. Articulated plates IG KSC 155/154 in dorsal (G1) and visceral (G2) views. H. IG KSC 155/55 in dorsal (H1) and visceral (H2) views. I. IG KSC 155/54-1 from the same individual as plate in A, in dorsal view. J. IG KSC 155/119 in dorsal view. K. IG KSC 155/56 in dorsal view. L. IG KSC 155/117 in visceral (L1) and dorsal (L2) views. M. IG KSC 155/125 in dorsal view.

Fig. 13 in A new assessment of the Late Devonian antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira from South Timan (Russia) and the biotic crisis near the Frasnian-Famennian boundary

Fig. 13. Antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira jeremejevi (Rohon, 1900), Sosnogorsk locality, Sosnogorsk Formation, lowermost Famennian, plates of the pectoral fin armour. A. Left Cv1 plate IG 155/6 in visceral (A1) and ventral (A2) views. B. Right Cv1 plate IG KSC 155/134 in ventral view. C. Left Ml2 plate IG KSC 155/149 in ventral view. D. Right Ml2 plate IG 155/137 in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views. E. Right distal segment of the pectoral fin armour IG KSC 155/21 in dorsal (E1) and ventral (E2) views. F. Mm1 plate IG KSC 155/85 in mesial view. Abbreviations: Cd3–5, dorsal central plates 3 to 5; Cv4, ventral central plate 4; Ml4–5, lateral marginal plates 4 and 5; Mm4–6, mesial marginal plates 4 to 6; T, terminal plate.

Fig. 2–11 in Scarabaeoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) Of The Kaliningrad Region (Russia): The Commented Actual Checklist, Assessment Of Rarity And Notes To Regional Protection

Fig. 2–11. Sampling and observation locations in the Kaliningrad Region: 2 –Ceruchus chrysomelinus (red points), Sinodendron cylindricum (blue points), and Lucanus cervus (green point); 3 – Dorcus parallelepipedus (green points), Platycerus caprea (red points), and P. caraboides (yellow points); 4 – Trox sabulosus (green points), and Trox scaber (red points); 5 – Geotrupes spiniger (green points), Geotrupes stercorarius (blue points), and Trypocopris vernalis (red points); 6 – Aphodius brevis (yellow point), A. borealis (green point), A. coenosus (red point), and A. fasciatus (blue points); 7 – Aphodius conspurcatus (red points), A. melanostictus (green points), Aegialia sabuleti (blue point), and Copris lunaris (yellow point); 8 – Aphodius varians (blue points), A. porcus (yellow points); A. distinctus (red points), and A. subterraneus (green points); 9 – Rhyssemus puncticollis (blue points), Psammodius asper (green points), and Oxyomus sylvestris (red points); 10 – Onthophagus coenobita (blue point), O. taurus (red points), O. gibbulus (yellow point), and O. nuchicornis (green points); 11 – Maladera holosericea (green points), and Omaloplia nigromarginata (red points).

Fig. 46–51 in Scarabaeoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) Of The Kaliningrad Region (Russia): The Commented Actual Checklist, Assessment Of Rarity And Notes To Regional Protection

Fig. 46–51. The images of the living regional Scarabaeoidea specimens in nature: 46 – A. dubia, habitually coloured form (05 July 2011); 47 – Phyllopertha horticola (11 June 2018); 48 – Hoplia graminicola (11 June 2018); 49 – Protaetia marmorata (28 May 2010); 50 – P. metallica (07 July 2011); 51 – Cetonia aurata (20 June 2010).

Fig. 28–33 in Scarabaeoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) Of The Kaliningrad Region (Russia): The Commented Actual Checklist, Assessment Of Rarity And Notes To Regional Protection

Fig. 28–33. The images of the living regional Scarabaeoidea specimens in nature: 28 – Aphodius rufipes (11 September 2018); 29 – A. prodromus (01 Oktober 2018); 30 – A. porcus (10 September 2018); 31 – A. sordidus (17 September 2018); 32 – A. foetens (10 September 2018); 33 – A. conspurcatus (15 Oktober 2018).

Fig. 52–57 in Scarabaeoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) Of The Kaliningrad Region (Russia): The Commented Actual Checklist, Assessment Of Rarity And Notes To Regional Protection

Fig. 52–57. The images of the living regional Scarabaeoidea specimens in nature: 52 – Oxythyrea funesta (15 June 2010); 53 – Gnorimus nobilis (08 July 2011); 54 – Osmoderma barnabita, male (09 July 2018); 55 and 56 – Trichius fasciatus, colour variations (14 July 2010); 57 – Valgus hemipterus, female (11 May 2018).

Fig. 12–15 in Scarabaeoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) Of The Kaliningrad Region (Russia): The Commented Actual Checklist, Assessment Of Rarity And Notes To Regional Protection

Fig. 12–15. Sampling and observation locations in the Kaliningrad Region: 12 – Melolontha hippocastani (green point), and Polyphylla fullo (red points); 13 – Oxythyrea funesta (green points), and Hoplia parvula (red points); 14 – Protaetia marmorata (green points); 15 – Gnorimus nobilis (blue points), and Osmoderma barnabita (green points).

Fig. 40–45 in Scarabaeoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) Of The Kaliningrad Region (Russia): The Commented Actual Checklist, Assessment Of Rarity And Notes To Regional Protection

Fig. 40–45. The images of the living regional Scarabaeoidea specimens in nature: 40 – Melolontha melolontha (24 May 2010); 41 – Maladera holosericea (11 May 2016); 42 – Omaloplia nigromarginata (05 July 2010); 43 – Polyphylla fullo, male, light colour form (25 June 2018); 44 – P. fullo, female, dark colour form (07 July 2018); 45 – Anomala dubia, variation with metallic coloured elytra (02 July 2014).