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opencc-by-4.0Oct 2023View details →

Database of experimental determinations of soil respiration in pine and spruce forests during the growing season of 2023 at the Lyalsky test site (middle taiga, northeast of the East European Plain)

The data set includes the results of 342 measurements of CO2 emissions (SR, gС/m2/day) from the soil surface of coniferous ecosystems at the Lyalsky test site during the growing season (May-September) of 2023. The objects of the study were: pine forest (PS, Gleyic Folic Albic Podzol (Arenic)) and spruce forest (SM, Albic Retisols). The values of temperature (Ts, at a depth of 10 cm), moisture (Ms, in a layer of 0-5 cm) of the soil and air temperature (Ta) are also given.The research was carried out by employees of the Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences as part of the most important innovative project of national importance "Development of a system for ground-based and remote monitoring of carbon pools and greenhouse gas fluxes in the territory of the Russian Federation, ensuring the creation of recording data systems on the fluxes of climate-active substances and the carbon budget in forests and other terrestrial ecological systems" (Registration number: 123030300031-6).

opencc-zeroDec 2023View details →

Differential utilization of surface and arboreal water bodies by birds and mammals in a seasonally dry Neotropical forest in southern Mexico

Water availability significantly influences bird and mammal ecology in terrestrial ecosystems. However, our understanding of the role of water as a limiting resource for birds and mammals remains partial because most of the studies have focused on surface water bodies of desert and semi-desert ecosystems. This study assessed the use of two types of surface water bodies (waterholes and epikarst rock pools) and one arboreal (water-filled tree holes) by birds and mammals in the seasonally dry tropical forests of the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve in southern Mexico. We deployed camera traps in 23 waterholes, 22 rock pools, and 19 water-filled tree holes in this karstic region to record visits by small, medium, and large-bodied birds and mammals during the dry and rainy seasons. These cameras were set up to record videos documenting when animals were making use of water for drinking, bathing, or both. We compared the species diversity and composition of bird and mammal assemblages using the different types of water bodies by calculating Hill numbers and conducting non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), indicator species, and contingency table analyses. There was a greater species richness of birds and mammals using surface water bodies than tree holes during both seasons. There were significant differences in species composition among bird assemblages using the different water bodies, but dominant species and diversity remained the same. Terrestrial and larger mammalian species preferentially used surface water bodies whereas arboreal and scansorial small and medium mammals were more common in arboreal water bodies. These findings suggest that differences in water body characteristics might favor segregation in mammal activity. The different water bodies may act as alternative water sources for birds and complementary sources for mammals, potentially favoring species coexistence and increasing community resilience to environmental variation (e.g., fluctuation in water availability). Understanding how differences in water bodies favor species coexistence and community resilience is of great relevance from a basic ecological perspective but is also crucial for anticipating the effects that the increased demand for water by humans and climate change can have on wildlife viability.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

Final products from "3D MODELING AS A CONSERVATION TOOL TO CHARACTERIZE ENDANGERED SEASONALLY FLOODED ECOSYSTEMS IN THE VOLTA GRANDE DO XINGU, AMAZON FOREST, PARÁ, BRAZIL"

In these .zip folders, you will find the products generated from flight missions carried out between November 7th to 14th, 2021, in the Volta Grande do Xingu, Pará, Brazil.  These results are presented as an integral part of the article titled '3D MODELING AS A CONSERVATION TOOL TO CHARACTERIZE ENDANGERED SEASONALLY FLOODED ECOSYSTEMS IN THE VOLTA GRANDE DO XINGU, AMAZON FOREST, PARÁ, BRAZIL' published on the doctoral thesis "Characterization and monitoring of the flooding dynamics and seasonally flooded environments of the Volta Grande do Xingu through remote sensing", available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.11606/T.106.2023.tde-02022024-211517">https://doi.org/10.11606/T.106.2023.tde-02022024-211517</a>. To understand the data processing methodology that led to these results, please refer to the thesis. Each folder represents a flight mission. They are named by date and flight number (DD_MM_YYYY_FLIGHT#). Within each folder, there are six files resulting from the processed flights: The georeferenced orthophoto and Digital Surface Model, which are raster files (.TIFs), the dense point cloud (.las), and the files composing the 3D Model generated by Agisoft Metashape (extensions .OBJ, .MTL, and .JPEG). The .OBJ file is the primary file for visualizing the model, including the three-dimensional mesh formed by the points of the point cloud and containing geometry, texture, and color information.  The .MTL file contains the material description associated with the OBJ file and includes information about the visual properties of the model, such as texture, reflections, and materials.  The .JPEG files are the texture images used on the Digital Surface Model to generate the 3D model. This information provides the model with its realistic properties. The .OBJ, .MTL and .JPEG files need to be together in the same folder for a complete 3D Model visualization (i.e., shape, color, and texture). When using this data, please cite Affonso, A. A. (2023). Caracterização e monitoramento da dinâmica de alagamento e dos ambientes sazonalmente alagáveis da Volta Grande do Xingu através de sensoriamento remoto. Tese de Doutorado, Instituto de Energia e Ambiente, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo. doi:10.11606/T.106.2023.tde-02022024-211517. Recuperado em 2024-04-14, de www.teses.usp.br

opencc-zeroJan 2022View details →

Data for: The interplay of environmental cues and wood density in the vegetative and reproductive phenology of seasonally dry tropical forest trees

The great phenological diversification characteristic of seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTF) suggests that these patterns result from a complex interplay between exogenous (e.g., climatic) and endogenous (e.g., morphological, physiological, anatomical) factors. Based on the well-established relationships of wood density with water-storing capacity and cavitation vulnerability in woody plants, we hypothesized differential vegetative and reproductive phenological responses to environmental cues for hardwood and softwood species. To test this hypothesis, we compared phenological patterns of pairs of conspecific populations of 10 species differing in wood density, occurring in two localities with slightly different climatic regimes, and evaluated the influence of three environmental variables (rainfall, photoperiod, temperature) on them. Our results, based on the assessment of the overlap of the phenological curves of conspecific populations occurring in different sites and on linear modeling, showed different effects of the environmental factors on phenophase attributes, depending on wood density of the study species, thus supporting our hypothesis. Leaf out in softwood species took place in the dry season, they shed the foliage at the first signs of drought, and once leafless, they flowered and fruited shortly after. By contrast, hardwood species bore leaves and flowers in the rainy season, shed their leaves several months after the rain ceased, and produced fruits during the dry season. We conclude that the role of environmental variables in cueing growth and reproduction cycles in SDTF tree species is interrelated with their wood density, a key endogenous factor crucially linked to plant hydraulics in these water-limited ecosystems.

opencc-zeroJul 2022View details →

Trait shifts in bird communities from primary forest to human settlements in Mexican seasonal forests: Are there ruderal birds?

Agriculture, cattle grazing, and human settlements negatively affect bird biodiversity, driving the loss of ecologically specialized species and favoring the dominance of generalists. Because ecological pressures define organisms' success by acting on their intrinsic traits, biodiversity loss due to anthropization might cause directional trait shifts. Here, we use a trait-based approach to find empirical evidence of trait-shifts in bird communities across an anthropization gradient in seasonal forests in central Mexico. We performed point-count bird surveys within a region of tropical deciduous and seasonal oak forests considering three degrees of anthropization: primary forest, secondary growth, and human settlements. A multivariate analysis (PCA) showed similar trait-covariation patterns for both forest types; in the anthropized habitat the bird communities exhibited shorter life-cycles, higher fecundity, and broader ecological niches (diet, foraging habitat, and nesting resources) than those in the primary forests. Our finding of directional trait shifts resembles Evolutionary Ecological Strategies Theory (EES) predictions for successful organisms within highly disturbed anthropized habitats, which are known as a "ruderal adaptative strategy" in the EES framework. The use of trait-based approaches could improve ecological generalizations in bird communities, leading to a better understanding of avian biodiversity's responses to anthropization.

opencc-zeroJul 2022View details →

Three-dimensional stratification pattern in an old-growth lowland forest: how does height in canopy and season influence temperate bat activity?

The study of animal-habitat interactions is of primary importance for the formulation of conservation recommendations. Flying, gliding and climbing animals have the ability to exploit their habitat in a three-dimensional way and the vertical canopy structure in forests plays an essential role for habitat suitability. Forest bats as flying mammals may seasonally shift their microhabitat use due to differing energy demands or changing prey availability, but the patterns are not well understood. We investigated three-dimensional and seasonal habitat use by insectivorous bats in a temperate lowland old-growth forest, the Belovezhskaya Pushcha in Belarus. We acoustically sampled broadleaved and mixed coniferous plots in the forest interior and in gaps in three heights during two reproductive periods (pregnancy/lactation versus post-lactation). In canopy gaps, vertical stratification in bat activity was less pronounced than in the forest interior. Vertical activity patterns differed among species. The upper canopy levels were important foraging habitats for the open-space forager guild and for some edge-space foragers like the Barbastelle bat Barbastella barbastellus and the soprano pipistrelle Pipistrellus pygmaeus. Myotis species had highest activity levels near the ground in forest gaps. Moreover, we found species-dependent seasonal microhabitat shifts. Generally, all species and species groups considered except Myotis species showed higher activity levels during post-lactation. Myotis species tended towards higher activity in the forest interior during post-lactation. P. pygmaeus switched from high activity levels in the upper canopy during pregnancy and lactation to high activity levels near the ground during post-lactation. We conclude that a full comprehension of forest bat habitat use is only possible when height in canopy and seasonal patterns are considered.

Figure 6 in High richness of non-volant mammals in a seasonal forest fragment in southeastern Brazil

Figure 6. Cluster analysis of medium and large mammal communities' similarity between 19 Atlantic Forest remnants in São Paulo, southeastern Brazil (including a single remnant in Paraná, Brazil). AGPE = Água do Peão; AGUA = Aguapeí State Park; AMBO = Amadeu Botelho Private Nature Reserve; CBSP = Carlos Botelho State Park; COSM = Matão de Cosmópolis; ESAL = Estrela da Alcídia Água Sumida; ISP = Intervales State Park; LUNO = Lua Nova; MATU = Maturi; MDSP = Morro do Diabo State Park; MGFR = Morro Grande Forest Reserve; PBES = Ponte Branca (Black Lion Tamarin Ecological Station); SBNP = Serra da Bocaina National Park; SEIR = Seis R; SMES = Santa Maria Água Sumida (Black Lion Tamarin Ecological Station); SMA = Santa Maria Forest; STMO = Santa Mônica; TUES = Tucano (Black Lion Tamarin Ecological Station).

Figure 5 in High richness of non-volant mammals in a seasonal forest fragment in southeastern Brazil

Figure 5. Carnivora, Artiodactlya, and Perissodactyla recorded in Santa Maria fragment. (A) Puma concolor; (B) Leopardus pardalis; (C) Panthera onca; (D) Cerdocyon thous; (E) Chrysocyon brachyurus; (F) Mazama rufa; (G) Dicotyles tajacu; (H) Tapirus terrestris.

Figure 7 in High richness of non-volant mammals in a seasonal forest fragment in southeastern Brazil

Figure 7. Scatterplot of non-volant mammal species richness according to fragment area in 14 Atlantic Forest fragments of Pontal do Paranapanema, São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil. The study site, Santa Maria is represented by a blue triangle. AGPE = Água do Peão; ARIZ = Fazenda Arizona; ASES = Água Sumida (Black Lion Tamarin Ecological Station); ESAL = Estrela da Alcídia; LUNO = Lua Nova; MATU = Maturi; MDSP = Morro do Diabo State Park; NOPO = Nova Pontal; PBES = Ponte Branca (Black Lion Tamarin Ecological Station); SASE = São Sebastião; SEIR = Seis R; STMO = Santa Mônica; TUES = Tucano (Black Lion Tamarin Ecological Station).

Figure 1 in High richness of non-volant mammals in a seasonal forest fragment in southeastern Brazil

Figure 1. Santa Maria forest fragment and its location in Pontal do Paranapanema, São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. Note the small creek (Ribeirão Água Sumida) that passes on its southern edges and the SPV-035 road along its northeastern edge. Green are native forest remnants and blue are the rivers and creeks.

Figure 4 in High richness of non-volant mammals in a seasonal forest fragment in southeastern Brazil

Figure 4. Didelphidae, Xenarthra, Primates and Rodentia recorded in Santa Maria fragment. (A) Marmosa paraguayana; (B) Didelphis albiventris; (C) Gracilinanus microtarsus; (D) Euphractus sexcinctus; (E) Dasypus novemcinctus (preyed); (F) Tamandua tetradactyla; (G) Sapajus nigritus; (H) Leontopithecus chrysopygus; (I) Dasyprocta azarae; J) Oecomys cleberi.

Figure 3 in High richness of non-volant mammals in a seasonal forest fragment in southeastern Brazil

Figure 3. Locations of the 18 medium and large mammal inventories (green dots) that were compared to the mammal community of Santa Maria forest fragment (red square). Atlantic Forest remnants (sensu Ribeiro et al., 2009), are in light gray. AGPE = Água do Peão (Ditt et al., 1999); AGUA = Aguapeí State Park (Faria & Pires, 2010); AMBO = Amadeu Botelho Private Nature Reserve (Reale et al., 2014); CBSP = Carlos Botelho State Park (Brocardo et al., 2012); COSM = Matão de Cosmópolis (Magioli et al., 2014); ESAL = Estrela da Alcídia Água Sumida (Ditt et al., 1999); ISP = Intervales State Park (de Vivo & Gregorin, 2001); LUNO = Lua Nova (Ditt et al., 1999); MATU = Maturi (Ditt et al., 1999); MDSP = Morro do Diabo State Park (Faria & Pires, 2006); MGFR = Morro Grande Forest Reserve (Negrão & Valladares-Pádua, 2006); PBES = Ponte Branca (Black Lion Tamarin Ecological Station) (Valladares-Pádua, 2007); SBNP = Serra da Bocaina National Park (Delciellos et al., 2012); SEIR = Seis R (Ditt et al., 1999); SMES = Santa Maria Água Sumida (Black Lion Tamarin Ecological Station) (Valladares-Pádua, 2007); SMA = Santa Maria Forest (this study); STMO = Santa Mônica (Ditt et al., 1999); TUES = Tucano (Black Lion Tamarin Ecological Station) (Valladares-Pádua, 2007).

opencc-zeroApr 2024View details →

Supplementary material: Mammal diversity responses to anthropic, environmental, and seasonal changes within Caatinga seasonal dry forest landscapes

Caatinga's conservation and biodiversity are threatened due to the intensification of anthropic activities and climate change. The mammals have different responses to seasonal and anthropic changes, however particularly in Caatinga, these effects are still poorly understood. We assessed the influence of anthropic (distance from urban areas and wind farms), environmental (distance from water), and seasonal (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index – NDVI and land surface temperature - LST) variables on the number of records and richness of medium and large-sized mammals in Brazilian Caatinga. We used camera traps in 2016/2017 and 2018/2019, estimated the variation (cv) of NDVI and LST, and generated Euclidean distance maps to anthropic and environmental variables at 250, 500, and 1000 m spatial scales. We performed Generalized Linear Models, used the Akaike information criterion, and calculated model averaging to assess the strength and direction of effect and the uncertainties of the winner models, respectively. The distance from wind farms and maximum LST had a noticeable effect on the number of records and total richness. The distance from wind farms had a negative effect on the records of Dicotyles tajacu and a positive effect on the records of Leopardus pardalis and richness. The maximum LST had a negative effect on the records of Leopardus pardalis and a positive effect on the records of Puma concolor and Cerdocyon thous. Our results emphasize that an unsustainable expansion of wind farms is likely to compromise mammal diversity. We found an opposite pattern for some species regarding LST. However, it is important to highlight that the conservation of vegetation areas on the top of mountains and springs, and the installation of artificial water sources are important strategies to mitigate the impacts of high temperatures on mammals' biodiversity in Caatinga.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2024View details →

Species assemblages and their drivers differ between trees and lianas in a seasonal-evergreen forest in Thailand

We provide the R codes and datasets used in the analysis presented in the manuscript maintext titled "Species assemblages and their drivers differ between trees and lianas in a seasonal-evergreen forest in Thailand," published in Ecosphere.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2024View details →

Data from: Investigating the Association of Seasonal Dynamics in GEDI Canopy Cover Profiles and Sentinel-1 Backscatter in Temperate Forests

This dataset supports the analysis about Investigating the Association of Seasonal Dynamics in GEDI Canopy Cover Profiles and Sentinel-1 Backscatter in Temperate Forests

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2017View details →

FIGURE 1 in Trap-nesting bees and wasps (Hymenoptera, Aculeata) in a Semidecidual Seasonal Forest fragment, southern Brazil

FIGURE 1: Trap nests installed on Parque Estadual São Camilo.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2018View details →

Dataset: Climate change effects on early stages of Quercus ariifolia (Fagaceae), an endemic oak from seasonally dry forests of Mexico

This repository contains the files associated with the following article: Badano EI, FA Guerra-Coss, EJ Sánchez-Montes de Oca, CI Briones-Herrera & SM Gelviz-Gelvez. Climate change effects on early stages of Quercus ariifolia (Fagaceae), an endemic oak from seasonally dry forests of Mexico. Acta Botanica Mexicana, 126, Article e1466. <a href="https://doi.org/10.21829/abm126.2019.1466">https://doi.org/10.21829/abm126.2019.1466</a> The first Microsoft Excel file (Additional data 01 - Microclimate.xlsx) contains microclimate data gathered within control plots and climate change simulation plots (CCS plots) during the field experiment. These data include air temperature (measured every hour in 10 experimental units of each climate treatment with dataloggers - HOBO U23-Pro-V2, Onset Computer Corporation, USA), rainfall (measured at each rainfall event in 5 experimental units of each climate treatment with automatized pluviometers - HOBO S-RGB-M002, Onset Computer Corporation, USA) and soil water content (measured every week in 10 experimental units of each climate treatment with a time-domain reflectometer - FieldScout TDR 300, Spectrum Technologies, USA). Values of each of these variables are provided in different spreadsheets. The second Microsoft Excel file (Additional data 02 - Seedling responses) contains the data used to calculate the emergence rates and survival rates of Quercus ariaefolia during the experimental period a each experimental treatment. This file also contains the data gathered at the end of the experiment about chlorophyll content (in SPAD Units) and chlorophyll fluorescence (the spreadsheet contains the values of these variables measured on each seedling leaf; the computation of averages across leaves of each seedling is provided on the side), and the other functional traits measured on seedlings from controls and CCS plots.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2016View details →

Figure 1 in Seasonal changes in Tawny Owl (Strix aluco) diet in an oak forest in Eastern Ukraine

Figure 1. Location of the study area with indication of pellet collection points.

opencc-zeroDec 2018View details →

Data from: Effect of lianas on forest-level tree carbon accumulation does not differ between seasons: results from a liana removal experiment in Panama

1. Lianas are prevalent in Neotropical forests, where liana-tree competition can be intense, resulting in reduced tree growth and survival. The ability of lianas to grow relative to trees during the dry season suggests that liana-tree competition is also strongest in the dry season. If correct, the predicted intensification of the drying trend over large areas of the tropics in the future may therefore intensify liana-tree competition, resulting in a reduced carbon sink function of tropical forests. However, no study has established whether the liana effect on tree carbon accumulation is indeed stronger in the dry than in the wet season. 2. Using six years of data from a large-scale liana removal experiment in Panama, we provide the first experimental test of whether liana effects on tree carbon accumulation differ between seasons. We monitored tree and liana diameter increments at the beginning of the dry and wet season each year to assess seasonal differences in forest-level carbon accumulation between removal and control plots. 3. We found that median liana carbon accumulation was consistently higher in the dry ( 0.52 Mg C ha-1 yr-1) than the wet season (0.36 Mg C ha-1 yr-1), and significantly so in three of the years. Lianas reduced forest-level median tree carbon accumulation more severely in the wet (1.45 Mg C ha-1 yr-1) than the dry (1.05 Mg C ha-1 yr-1) season in all years. However, the relative effect of lianas was similar between the seasons, with lianas reducing forest-level tree carbon accumulation by 46.9% in the dry and 48.5% in the wet season. 4. Synthesis: Our results provide the first experimental demonstration that lianas do not have a stronger competitive effect on tree carbon accumulation during the dry season. Instead, lianas compete significantly with trees during both seasons, indicating a large negative effect of lianas on forest-level tree biomass increment regardless of seasonal water stress. Longer dry seasons are unlikely to impact liana-tree competition directly; however, the greater liana biomass increment during dry seasons may lead to further proliferation of liana biomass in tropical forests, with consequences for their ability to store and sequester carbon.