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189 results for “seed morphology”
FIGURE 11 in Taxonomic application of macro and micro morphological characters of seeds in Astragalus L. (Galegeae, Fabaceae) in India
FIGURE 11. SEM-micrographs of Astragalus rhizanthus: A, entire seed (100x); B, seed sculpture (3000x); C, seed sculpture (6000x). FIGURE 12. SEM-micrographs of Astragalus lessertioides: A, entire seed (100x); B, seed sculpture (3000x); C, seed sculpture (6000x).
FIGURE 27 in Taxonomic application of macro and micro morphological characters of seeds in Astragalus L. (Galegeae, Fabaceae) in India
FIGURE 27. SEM-micrographs of Astragalus tenuicaulis: A, entire seed (200x); B, seed sculpture (3000x); C, seed sculpture (6000x). FIGURE 28. SEM-micrographs of Astragalus hoffmeisteri: A, entire seed (100x); B, seed sculpture (3000x); C, seed sculpture (6000x).
FIGURE 15 in Taxonomic application of macro and micro morphological characters of seeds in Astragalus L. (Galegeae, Fabaceae) in India
FIGURE 15. SEM-micrographs of Astragalus concretus: A, entire seed (100x); B, seed sculpture (3000x); C, seed sculpture (6000x). FIGURE 16. SEM-micrographs of Astragalus graveolens: A, entire seed (100x); B, seed sculpture (3000x); C, seed sculpture (6000x).
FIGURE 23 in Taxonomic application of macro and micro morphological characters of seeds in Astragalus L. (Galegeae, Fabaceae) in India
FIGURE 23. SEM-micrographs of Astragalus leucocephalus: A, entire seed (200x); B, seed sculpture (3000x); C, seed sculpture (6000x). FIGURE 24. SEM-micrographs of Astragalus sanjappae: A, entire seed (150x); B, seed sculpture (3000x); C, seed sculpture (6000x).
FIGURE 3 in Taxonomic application of macro and micro morphological characters of seeds in Astragalus L. (Galegeae, Fabaceae) in India
FIGURE 3. SEM-micrographs of Astragalus webbianus: A, entire seed (90x); B, seed sculpture (3000x); C, seed sculpture (6000x). FIGURE 4. SEM-micrographs of Astragalus zanskarensis: A, entire seed (100x); B, seed sculpture (3000x); C, seed sculpture (6000x).
FIGURE. Seed anatomy. A–D, F in Re-evaluation of the Amazonian Hylaeaicum (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae) based on neglected morphological traits and molecular evidence
FIGURE. Seed anatomy. A–D, F. Hylaeaicum levianum (Leme 5639-A). E, I–J. Hylaeaicum margaretae (Leme 2331). G, H. Neoregelia compacta (Leme 5744). A–D. Appendages in longitudinal sections. A. Chalazal appendage. B–D. Funicular appendage. B. Micropylar portion in lateral view. C. Funicular portion. D. Micropylar portion in frontal view. fu. Funiculus. ii. Inner integument (tegmen). oi. Outer integument (testa). Arrow. Vascular bundle. Arrowhead. Idioblast with raphides. E–G. Seed coat in cross-sections. am = amorphous mass. tg = exotegmen. tg' = endotegmen. ts = exotesta. ts' = endotesta. H, J. Embryos in longitudinal section (proportionally on the same scale). I. Detail of the plumule. c = cotyledon. h = hypocotyl. lp = leaf primordium. r = radicle. Arrowhead. Idioblast with raphides. A, B, H, J. Bars = 500 μm. C, D, I. Bars = 200 μm. E–G. Bars = 100 μm.
FIGURE. Seed morphology under stereomicroscope. A–B in Re-evaluation of the Amazonian Hylaeaicum (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae) based on neglected morphological traits and molecular evidence
FIGURE. Seed morphology under stereomicroscope. A–B. Hylaeaicum levianum (Leme 5639-A). A. General morphology of a hydrated seed. B. Detail of the funicular appendage in the micropylar portion. C. General morphology of a hydrated seed of Neoregelia compacta (Leme 5744). ca = chalazal appendage. fa = funicular appendage. oi = outer integument. r = raphe. Arrow = vascular bundle. Bars: A, C = 500 μm. B = 300 μm.
FIGURE. Seeds of the members of "Nidularioid complex" and Aechmea alliance. A–C. Neoregelia subg. Neoregelia. A. N. johannis (Leme 5976). B. N. carcharodon (Leme 4442). C. N. lymaniana (Leme 2222). D. Canistropsis seidelii (Leme 3195-B). E. Nidularium procerum (Leme 1306). F. Wittrockia superba (Leme 4751). G. Edmundoa lindenii var. rosea (Leme 1307). H–I. Canistrum subg. Canistrum. H. C. aurantiacum (Leme 567). I. C. alagoanum (Leme 5396). J. Aechmea subg. Aechmea: A. mertensii (Leme 6288). K. Canistrum subg. Cucullatanthus: C. auratum (Leme 6011). L. Aechmea subg. Pothuava s.str.: A. nudicaulis var. nudicaulis (Leme 115-L). Bars = 1 mm. in Re-evaluation of the Amazonian Hylaeaicum (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae) based on neglected morphological traits and molecular evidence
FIGURE. Seeds of the members of "Nidularioid complex" and Aechmea alliance. A–C. Neoregelia subg. Neoregelia. A. N. johannis (Leme 5976). B. N. carcharodon (Leme 4442). C. N. lymaniana (Leme 2222). D. Canistropsis seidelii (Leme 3195-B). E. Nidularium procerum (Leme 1306). F. Wittrockia superba (Leme 4751). G. Edmundoa lindenii var. rosea (Leme 1307). H–I. Canistrum subg. Canistrum. H. C. aurantiacum (Leme 567). I. C. alagoanum (Leme 5396). J. Aechmea subg. Aechmea: A. mertensii (Leme 6288). K. Canistrum subg. Cucullatanthus: C. auratum (Leme 6011). L. Aechmea subg. Pothuava s.str.: A. nudicaulis var. nudicaulis (Leme 115-L). Bars = 1 mm.
FIGURE. Flowers and longitudinal sections of ovaries of Hylaeaicum and Neoregelia. A–K. Hylaeaicum. A. H. eleutheropetalum (Leme 4491). B. H. myrmecophilum (Leme 2555). C. H. aff. myrmecophilum (Leme 3487). D. H. levianum (Leme 2777). E. H. wurdackii (Leme 2567). F. H. pendulum (Leme 1979). G. H. wurdackii (Leme 2567). H. H. aff. myrmecophilum (Leme 2553). I. H. pendulum (Leme 1979). J. H. eleutheropetalum (Leme 4491). K. H. levianum (Leme 5639-A) highlighting the immature seeds connected to the placenta. L–P. Neoregelia subg. Neoregelia. L–M. N. binotii (Leme 3482). N. N. ampullacea (Leme 9299). O–P. N. pontualii (Leme 5520). Q–S. Neoregelia subg. Longipetalopsis. Q–R. N. rubrovittata (Leme 1865). S. N. pernambucana (Leme 4407). Bars = 10 mm (A–F, L–S), 5 mm (G–K). in Re-evaluation of the Amazonian Hylaeaicum (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae) based on neglected morphological traits and molecular evidence
FIGURE. Flowers and longitudinal sections of ovaries of Hylaeaicum and Neoregelia. A–K. Hylaeaicum. A. H. eleutheropetalum (Leme 4491). B. H. myrmecophilum (Leme 2555). C. H. aff. myrmecophilum (Leme 3487). D. H. levianum (Leme 2777). E. H. wurdackii (Leme 2567). F. H. pendulum (Leme 1979). G. H. wurdackii (Leme 2567). H. H. aff. myrmecophilum (Leme 2553). I. H. pendulum (Leme 1979). J. H. eleutheropetalum (Leme 4491). K. H. levianum (Leme 5639-A) highlighting the immature seeds connected to the placenta. L–P. Neoregelia subg. Neoregelia. L–M. N. binotii (Leme 3482). N. N. ampullacea (Leme 9299). O–P. N. pontualii (Leme 5520). Q–S. Neoregelia subg. Longipetalopsis. Q–R. N. rubrovittata (Leme 1865). S. N. pernambucana (Leme 4407). Bars = 10 mm (A–F, L–S), 5 mm (G–K).
FIGURE. Seeds of genera and subgenera of Bromelioideae. A–C. Bromelia aff. reversacantha (Leme 4609). A. Longitudinal section of the fruits with seeds connected to placenta by the funicular appendage. B. Seeds with the funicular appendage manually detached. C. Frontal view of the distal funicular pole of the seeds with the funicular appendage backwardly inrolled to the seeds and attached under an aril-like coat. D. Disteganthus lateralis (Leme 9390). E. Aechmea of the "Streptocalycoid complex": A. nidularioides (Leme 2150). F. Aechmea subg. Chevaliera s.l.: A. digitata (Leme 4019). G. Araeococcus subg. Araeococcus: A. flagellifolius (Leme 9501). H. Pseudaraeococcus lageniformis (Leme 9603). I. Cryptanthus pickelii (Leme 3873). J. Fernseea bocainensis (Leme 1422). K. Greigia stenolepis (Leme 9738). L. Neoglaziovia variegata (Leme 9631). M. Aechmea subg. Chevaliera s.l.: A. ornata (Leme 6760). N. Billbergia subg. Billbergia: B. amoena var. stolonifera (Leme 215-B). O. Billbergia subg. Helicodea: B. zebrina (Leme 128). P. Quesnelia subg. Quesnelia: Q. quesneliana (Leme 107). Q. Portea petropolitana var. noetiigii (Leme 5277). R. Billbergia subg. Billbergia: B. tweedieana (Leme 278). S. Quesnelia subg. Billbergiopsis: Q. liboniana (Leme 2361). T. Wittmackia lingulatoides (Leme 9585). Bars = 1 mm. in Re-evaluation of the Amazonian Hylaeaicum (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae) based on neglected morphological traits and molecular evidence
FIGURE. Seeds of genera and subgenera of Bromelioideae. A–C. Bromelia aff. reversacantha (Leme 4609). A. Longitudinal section of the fruits with seeds connected to placenta by the funicular appendage. B. Seeds with the funicular appendage manually detached. C. Frontal view of the distal funicular pole of the seeds with the funicular appendage backwardly inrolled to the seeds and attached under an aril-like coat. D. Disteganthus lateralis (Leme 9390). E. Aechmea of the "Streptocalycoid complex": A. nidularioides (Leme 2150). F. Aechmea subg. Chevaliera s.l.: A. digitata (Leme 4019). G. Araeococcus subg. Araeococcus: A. flagellifolius (Leme 9501). H. Pseudaraeococcus lageniformis (Leme 9603). I. Cryptanthus pickelii (Leme 3873). J. Fernseea bocainensis (Leme 1422). K. Greigia stenolepis (Leme 9738). L. Neoglaziovia variegata (Leme 9631). M. Aechmea subg. Chevaliera s.l.: A. ornata (Leme 6760). N. Billbergia subg. Billbergia: B. amoena var. stolonifera (Leme 215-B). O. Billbergia subg. Helicodea: B. zebrina (Leme 128). P. Quesnelia subg. Quesnelia: Q. quesneliana (Leme 107). Q. Portea petropolitana var. noetiigii (Leme 5277). R. Billbergia subg. Billbergia: B. tweedieana (Leme 278). S. Quesnelia subg. Billbergiopsis: Q. liboniana (Leme 2361). T. Wittmackia lingulatoides (Leme 9585). Bars = 1 mm.
FIGURE. Fruits and seeds of Hylaeaicum. A–B. H. myrmecophilum (Leme 2555). A. Longitudinal section of the fruits preserving attached sepals. B. Longitudinal section of the fruits with seeds exposed and yet connected to the placenta by the funicular appendage. C. Ovules and seeds of H. margaretae connected to the placenta by the funicular appendage (Leme 2331). D. H. eleutheropetalum (Leme 9736). E. H. myrmecophilum (Leme 2555). F. H. wurdackii (Leme 2567). G. H. levianum (Leme 2777). H. H. levianum (Leme 5639-A). I. H. eleutheropetalum (Leme 4491). J. H. tarapotoense (Leme 1977). K. H. pendulum (Leme 1979). Bars = 5 mm. in Re-evaluation of the Amazonian Hylaeaicum (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae) based on neglected morphological traits and molecular evidence
FIGURE. Fruits and seeds of Hylaeaicum. A–B. H. myrmecophilum (Leme 2555). A. Longitudinal section of the fruits preserving attached sepals. B. Longitudinal section of the fruits with seeds exposed and yet connected to the placenta by the funicular appendage. C. Ovules and seeds of H. margaretae connected to the placenta by the funicular appendage (Leme 2331). D. H. eleutheropetalum (Leme 9736). E. H. myrmecophilum (Leme 2555). F. H. wurdackii (Leme 2567). G. H. levianum (Leme 2777). H. H. levianum (Leme 5639-A). I. H. eleutheropetalum (Leme 4491). J. H. tarapotoense (Leme 1977). K. H. pendulum (Leme 1979). Bars = 5 mm.
FIGURE 5 in Taxonomic implications of seed morphology and storage proteins in three tribes of the subfamily Papilionoideae (Fabaceae) in Egypt
FIGURE 5. UPGMA dendrogram illustrating the average taxonomic distance among the studied Egyptian species based on seed macro- and micro-morphological characters and protein patterns.
FIGURE 7 in Taxonomic implications of seed morphology and storage proteins in three tribes of the subfamily Papilionoideae (Fabaceae) in Egypt
FIGURE 7. Scatter plot of the first and the third principal components based on 47 morphological seed traits and 24 variable protein bands.
FIGURE 6 in Taxonomic implications of seed morphology and storage proteins in three tribes of the subfamily Papilionoideae (Fabaceae) in Egypt
FIGURE 6. Scatter plot of the first two principal components based on 47 morphological seed traits and 24 variable protein bands.
FIGURE 8 in Taxonomic implications of seed morphology and storage proteins in three tribes of the subfamily Papilionoideae (Fabaceae) in Egypt
FIGURE 8. Scatter plot of the second and the third principal components based on 47 morphological seed traits and 24 variable protein bands.
FIGURE 4 in Taxonomic implications of seed morphology and storage proteins in three tribes of the subfamily Papilionoideae (Fabaceae) in Egypt
FIGURE 4. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showing various protein bands. (A) Seed protein banding pattern of nine papilionoid species studied. M: marker; 1: Anagyris foetida; 2: Crotalaria aegyptiaca; 3: Crotalaria microphylla; 4: Crotalaria senegalensis; 5: Lotononis platycarpa; 6: Argyrolobium uniflorum; 7: Argyrolobium arabicum; 8: Retama raetam; 9: Retama monosperma. (B) Seed protein banding pattern of the three Lupinus species studied. M: marker; 1: Lupinus angustifolius; 2: Lupinus digitatus; 3: Lupinus albus.
FIGURE 2 in Taxonomic implications of seed morphology and storage proteins in three tribes of the subfamily Papilionoideae (Fabaceae) in Egypt
FIGURE 2. SEM micrographs of testa sculpturing: a, Anagyris foetida; b, Crotalaria aegyptiaca; c, Crotalaria microphylla; d, Crotalaria senegalensis; e, Lupinus angustifolius; f, Lupinus digitatus; g, Lupinus albus; h, Lotononis platycarpa; i, Argyrolobium arabicum; j, Argyrolobium uniflorum; k, Retama raetam; l, Retama monosperma. Scale bars as indicated on each image.
FIGURE 1 in Taxonomic implications of seed morphology and storage proteins in three tribes of the subfamily Papilionoideae (Fabaceae) in Egypt
FIGURE 1. Light microscopy micrographs of seed shape in outline. a, Anagyris foetida; b, Crotalaria aegyptiaca; c, Crotalaria microphylla; d, Crotalaria senegalensis; e, Lupinus angustifolius; f, Lupinus digitatus; g, Lupinus albus; h, Lotononis platycarpa; i, Argyrolobium arabicum; j, Argyrolobium uniflorum; k, Retama raetam; l, Retama monosperma. Scale bars = 1 mm.
FIGURE 3 in Taxonomic implications of seed morphology and storage proteins in three tribes of the subfamily Papilionoideae (Fabaceae) in Egypt
FIGURE 3. SEM micrographs of hilum: a, Anagyris foetida; b, Crotalaria aegyptiaca; c, Crotalaria microphylla; d, Crotalaria senegalensis; e, Lupinus angustifolius; f, Lupinus digitatus; g, Lupinus albus; h, Lotononis platycarpa; i, Argyrolobium arabicum; j, Argyrolobium uniflorum; k, Retama raetam; l, Retama monosperma. Scale bars as indicated on each image.
Data from: Can body mass and skull morphology predict seed and fruit ingestion potential for mammal species? A test using extant species and its application to extinct species
<p>Larger animals are assumed to ingest larger seeds and consume larger fruits, but empirical studies reveal inconsistent trends between body mass and the average size of fruits and seeds ingested. Further, no studies have explored seed size relationships with morphological traits, such as skull dimensions. Such characteristics might provide more reliable estimates of ingestion ability and allow for accurate predictions of seed dispersal capacity in species for which we lack empirical data, especially extinct species. To determine whether (i) mammalian skull dimensions are better predictors of the maximum size of ingested seeds and fruits, compared to body mass and (ii) body mass are the better predictors of mean fruit and seed sizes, we studied these relationships across three mammalian orders: Chiroptera, Primates, and Carnivora.</p> <p>We collected novel data on skull dimensions and collated available data on body mass and maximum and mean sizes of ingested fruits and seeds for mammals (N=100) across the Neotropics, Asia, Africa, and Madagascar. We explored the relationships between anatomical traits and fruit and seed sizes of extant species and made predictions for five extinct species.</p> <p>Our results revealed that body mass and skull dimensions are essential determinants of ingested fruit and seed size in mammals. The latter traits can generate predictions for extinct species, especially coronoid height and maximum jaw gape. Nevertheless, body mass predicted larger ingested fruits and seeds than skull dimensions and explained a greater part of the variance for both maximum and mean sizes in our dataset.</p> <p>Our results show how body mass and cranial anatomy constrain seed size and reinforce the importance of maintaining functional diversity in seed dispersers to maintain tropical forest structure. We also show that scientists can use morphological characteristics to predict the seed dispersal potential of extinct mammals allowing better inferences on past and future consequences of frugivore extinctions within tropical forests.</p>
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