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Figure 4 from: Peña-Ramírez R, Ge Z-W, Gaitán-Hernández R, Martínez-González CR, Guevara-Guerrero G (2019) A novel sequestrate species from Mexico: Aroramyces guanajuatensis sp. nov. (Hysterangiaceae, Hysterangiales). MycoKeys 61: 27-37. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.61.36444

Figure 4 a–fAroramyces guanajuatensis (holotype ITCV 1613) a–c Cross-section of peridium a epicutis of hyphae postrate cells and angular pseudoparenchyma like mesocutis b arrow head showing postrate cell subcutis c arrow head showing large cell scattered in subcutis d arrow head showing epicutis hyphae with attached crystals e basidia and basidioles f epicutis clamp connection. Scale bar: 10 µm (a–c, e), 25 µm (d), 5 µm (f).

Figure 3 from: Peña-Ramírez R, Ge Z-W, Gaitán-Hernández R, Martínez-González CR, Guevara-Guerrero G (2019) A novel sequestrate species from Mexico: Aroramyces guanajuatensis sp. nov. (Hysterangiaceae, Hysterangiales). MycoKeys 61: 27-37. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.61.36444

Figure 3 Electronic photomicrograph of basidiospores aAroramyces balanosporus (ITCV 848) and bAroramyces guanajuatensis (ITCV 1739). Scale bars: 5 µm.

Figure 1 from: Peña-Ramírez R, Ge Z-W, Gaitán-Hernández R, Martínez-González CR, Guevara-Guerrero G (2019) A novel sequestrate species from Mexico: Aroramyces guanajuatensis sp. nov. (Hysterangiaceae, Hysterangiales). MycoKeys 61: 27-37. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.61.36444

Figure 1 Maximum probability phylogram of clades obtained with Bayesian inference. The posterior probabilities for each clade are shown on the branches. The accession numbers in the sequence labels indicate the GenBank accession numbers.

Figure 2 from: Peña-Ramírez R, Ge Z-W, Gaitán-Hernández R, Martínez-González CR, Guevara-Guerrero G (2019) A novel sequestrate species from Mexico: Aroramyces guanajuatensis sp. nov. (Hysterangiaceae, Hysterangiales). MycoKeys 61: 27-37. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.61.36444

Figure 2 a–fAroramyces guanajuatensis (holotype ITCV 1613) a, b basidiome showing the peridial surface c basidiome in cross-section showing glebal surface d cross-section of peridium showing three-layered peridium (1 epicutis, 2 mesocutis, 3 subcutis) at 400× e–f basidiospore 1000× f irregular crest contained within an inflated utricle. Scale bars: 0.5 cm (a–c, f), 20 µm (d), 5 µm (e).

Figure 5 from: Sulzbacher MA, Orihara T, Grebenc T, Wartchow F, Smith ME, Martín MP, Giachini AJ, Baseia IG (2020) Longistriata flava (Boletaceae, Basidiomycota) – a new monotypic sequestrate genus and species from Brazilian Atlantic Forest. MycoKeys 62: 53-73. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.62.39699

Figure 5 A–D Basidiospores of Longistriata flava (UFRN-Fungus 1756, holotype) as observed with scanning electron microscopy. Note the persistent sterigmal attachment and a series of thinner longitudinal ridges (on average > 10 complete ridges across the longitudinal axis of the spore) with additional irregular, thin, low and bifurcated or fused ridges.

Figure 3 from: Sulzbacher MA, Orihara T, Grebenc T, Wartchow F, Smith ME, Martín MP, Giachini AJ, Baseia IG (2020) Longistriata flava (Boletaceae, Basidiomycota) – a new monotypic sequestrate genus and species from Brazilian Atlantic Forest. MycoKeys 62: 53-73. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.62.39699

Figure 3 A–GLongistriata flava (UFRN-Fungus1756, holotype) A–B fresh mature basidioma C hymenophoral trama mounted in 3% KOH with Congo Red D interwoven hyphae of peridium (upper left) and hymenophoral trama mounted in 3% KOH with Congo Red E hymenial cystidia mounted in 3% KOH with Congo Red F basidiospores mounted in Melzer's reagent G basidiospores mounted in 3% KOH.

Figure 2 from: Sulzbacher MA, Orihara T, Grebenc T, Wartchow F, Smith ME, Martín MP, Giachini AJ, Baseia IG (2020) Longistriata flava (Boletaceae, Basidiomycota) – a new monotypic sequestrate genus and species from Brazilian Atlantic Forest. MycoKeys 62: 53-73. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.62.39699

Figure 2 A nLSU + TEF1 combined Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogram showing the phylogenetic relationship of Longistriata (UFRN-Fungus 1756, holotype) in relation to representative taxa in the Boletaceae. Non-parametric bootstrap branch supports (MPbs / MLbs) are given for nodes with bs>50.

Figure 1 from: Sulzbacher MA, Orihara T, Grebenc T, Wartchow F, Smith ME, Martín MP, Giachini AJ, Baseia IG (2020) Longistriata flava (Boletaceae, Basidiomycota) – a new monotypic sequestrate genus and species from Brazilian Atlantic Forest. MycoKeys 62: 53-73. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.62.39699

Figure 1 A Map of South America with Atlantic rainforest (in green) and magnified area of the State of Paraiba, including the location of the Guaribas Biological Reserve B the sampling sites at the Guaribas Biological Reserve with typical vegetation in the white sandy soil ecosystem.

Figure 4 from: Sulzbacher MA, Orihara T, Grebenc T, Wartchow F, Smith ME, Martín MP, Giachini AJ, Baseia IG (2020) Longistriata flava (Boletaceae, Basidiomycota) – a new monotypic sequestrate genus and species from Brazilian Atlantic Forest. MycoKeys 62: 53-73. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.62.39699

Figure 4 A–DLongistriata flava (UFRN-Fungus 1756, holotype) A hymenial cystidia B basidioles and basidium C details of the peridium with interwoven hyphae D polar and longitudinal view of basidiospores.

opencc-zeroFeb 2020View details →

Supplementary material 1 from: Sulzbacher MA, Orihara T, Grebenc T, Wartchow F, Smith ME, Martín MP, Giachini AJ, Baseia IG (2020) Longistriata flava (Boletaceae, Basidiomycota) – a new monotypic sequestrate genus and species from Brazilian Atlantic Forest. MycoKeys 62: 53-73. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.62.39699

: Data type: molecular data

Carbon action MULTA Finnish carbon sequestration experimental field dataset 2019

This dataset includes the first year observations of the Finnish Carbon Action carbon sequestration experiment. In the experiment c.a. 100 farms test carbon farming methods on a test field and an adjacent control plot. 26 of the farms were sampled during 2019 combining field observations and soil sampling. This data will be coupled with satellite imagery, field sensors and carbon cycle modeling to forecast carbon sequestration. Subsequent sampling will track changes in soil carbon stock and soil productivity. The dataset will be updated annually. New datasets will be published in https://zenodo.org/communities/carbonaction/ .  Includes data on: <ul> <li>soil properties (CEC, pH, OM)</li> <li>nutrients: P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, B, Mn (Fe, Al, P-saturation)</li> <li>physical quality: soil structure (VESS), bulk density, porosity, water holding capacity, infiltration rate</li> <li>biological properties: earthworm counts, above ground biomass, plant cover (%)</li> </ul>

opencc-by-nc-sa-4.0Aug 2019View details →

Small molecule sequestration of amyloid-β as a drug discovery strategy for Alzheimer's disease

These data describe the bound and unbound ensembles of a disordered peptide (amyloid beta) in the presence and absence of a small, drug-like molecule. The data were produced by metadynamic metainference simulations restrained with NMR chemical shift data. We used PLUMED version 2.6.0 and GROMACS 2018.3. All the data and PLUMED input files required to reproduce the metadynamic metainference results are available on PLUMED-NEST (www.plumed-nest.org), the public repository of the PLUMED consortium, as plumID:20.014. A Jupyter Notebook describing the analysis of these results is available from GitHub at https://github.com/vendruscolo-lab/amyloid-beta_small_mol/ in Metadynamic_metainference/Analysis. These data support the findings of the manuscript entitled "Small molecule sequestration of amyloid-β as a drug discovery strategy for Alzheimer's disease" by Heller et al. DOI: 10.1101/729392

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2020View details →

CO2 sequestration by olivine for three different applications in Knowledge Mile Park, Amsterdam

The concentration of atmospheric CO2 is still increasing according to numerous projections of future greenhouse gas emissions. Nations must make every effort to achieve the target of keeping the global average temperature to below 2 ̊C above pre-industrial levels, agreed on in the Paris Agreement. A relatively new and promising geo-engineering approach to possibly combat this worldwide problem is the use of olivine ((Mg,Fe)2SiO4). During the weathering process of olivine, carbon dioxide (CO2) is extracted from the atmosphere and converted to insoluble carbonate minerals, consequently reducing the atmospheric CO2 concentration. This research aim is to investigate whether olivine can be effectively implemented and within environmental safety boundaries in the Knowledge Mile Park, a project in commission of the Municipality of Amsterdam, to sequester atmospheric CO2 in three scenarios i.e. tree sand, green rooftop substrate and footpath substrate. With the Olivine Weathering and CO2 Sequestration model and PNEC-pro V6, the dissolution and CO2 sequestration rate of olivine were examined and the released nickel concentration with the effects on various plant and aquatic species was analysed. Green rooftop substrate was identified as the most effective possible scenario in terms of the magnitude of CO2 binding in 40 years that can be implemented in the Knowledge Mile Park remaining within the safety boundaries of environmental and ecotoxicological effects. To deepen the knowledge on olivine applications, further research should incorporate practical experimental work based on the modelled input of this report.

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

Data from: Population growth and sequestration of plant toxins along a gradient of specialization in four aphid species on the common milkweed Asclepias syriaca

Dietary specialization in insect herbivores has long been hypothesized to predict tolerance of plant defences, with more specialized herbivores being highly tolerant of and sometimes sequestering plant secondary compounds. Plant variation in secondary compounds should thus play an important and predictable role in shaping the performance and distribution of insect communities. We compared the performance of four naturally co-occurring aphid species on twenty genotypes of the common milkweed Asclepias syriaca. Genotypes of milkweed consistently differed in functional traits, including concentrations of toxic cardenolides, while the diet breadths of the four aphids ranged from broadly generalized to monophagous. The two more generalized species had the highest population growth rate overall, while growth rates decreased with increasing specialization. In contrast, honeydew exudation as a measure of phloem consumption increased with specialization; thus, resource-use efficiency was lower in specialist aphids. The two more generalized aphids grew best on genotypes with the highest plant growth rate (as an approximation for resource availability), while specialist aphids were not affected by plant growth. All four species contained apolar cardenolides in their bodies and excreted polar cardenolides, but only the most specialized aphid Myzocallis asclepiadis was negatively affected by increasing cardenolide concentrations of the host plant. Sequestration of cardenolides increased with diet specialization, with M. asclepiadis accumulating twice as much as any other species, perhaps explaining its susceptibility to plant cardenolides. Heritable plant traits differentially impacted co-occurring insect herbivores within the same guild. Generalist aphids were susceptible to variation in plant vigour but not defensive compounds. Increased host specialization resulted in lower resource-use efficiency, increased phloem throughput and ultimately higher cardenolide sequestration. Variation in these traits is thus likely to determine the relative distribution of generalist and specialist herbivores on plants in natural communities.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

Data from: What doesn't kill you makes you stronger: the burdens and benefits of toxin sequestration in a milkweed aphid

1. Specialized insect herbivores commonly co-opt plant defences for protection against predators, but the costs, benefits, and mechanisms of sequestration are poorly understood. 2. We quantified sequestration of toxic cardenolides by the specialist aphid Aphis nerii when reared on four closely related milkweed (Asclepias) species with >20-fold variation in cardenolide content, and in the presence or absence of ladybug predators. 3. Increasing concentrations of apolar plant cardenolides increased sequestered amounts in aphids. High concentrations in plants impaired aphid population growth, but also reduced the top-down effects of predators. All aphids accumulated two cardenolides not present in their host plant, even on plants with very low foliar cardenolide concentrations. 4. An in vitro enzymatic assay of total cardenolides in aphid bodies using the cardenolides' target (animal Na+/K+-ATPase) revealed that the subset of sequestered cardenolides is disproportionally more toxic than cardenolides in leaves. 5. Sequestration of cardenolides by Aphis nerii thus involves the accumulation of modified plant cardenolides, as well as the concentration-dependent passive uptake of more potent apolar plant cardenolides. Host plant choice by the aphid is thus subject to conflicting demands of higher growth performance versus superior defence against predators.

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

Data from: Dipteran larvae and microbes facilitate nutrient sequestration in the Nepenthes gracilis pitcher plant host

The fluid-containing traps of Nepenthes carnivorous pitcher plants (Nepenthaceae) are often inhabited by organisms known as inquilines. Dipteran larvae are key components of such communities and are thought to facilitate pitcher nitrogen sequestration by converting prey protein into inorganic nitrogen, although this has never been demonstrated in Nepenthes. Pitcher fluids are also inhabited by microbes, although the relationship(s) between these and the plant is still unclear. In this study, we examined the hypothesis of digestive mutualism between N. gracilis pitchers and both dipteran larvae and fluid microbes. Using dipteran larvae, prey and fluid volumes mimicking in situ pitcher conditions, we conducted in vitro experiments and measured changes in available fluid nitrogen in response to dipteran larvae and microbe presence. We showed that the presence of dipteran larvae resulted in significantly higher and faster releases of ammonium and soluble protein into fluids in artificial pitchers, and that the presence of fluid microbes did likewise for ammonium. We showed also that niche segregation occurs between phorid and culicid larvae, with the former fragmenting prey carcasses and the latter suppressing fluid microbe levels. These results clarify the relationships between several key pitcher-dwelling organisms, and show that pitcher communities facilitate nutrient sequestration in their host.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2024View details →

TimberTracer: A Comprehensive Framework for the Evaluation of Carbon Sequestration by Forest Management and Substitution of Harvested Wood Products.

Background Harvested wood products (HWPs) have a pivotal role in climate change mitigation, a recognition solidified in many Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement. Integrating HWPs' greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and removals into accounting requirements relies on typical decision-oriented tools known as wood product models (WPMs). The study introduces the 'TimberTracer' (TT) framework, designed to simulate HWP carbon stock, substitution effects, and emissions from wood decay and bioenergy.   Results Coupled with the 3D-CMCC-FEM forest growth model, TimberTracer was applied to Laricio Pine (Pinus nigra subsp. laricio) in Italy's Bonis watershed, evaluating three forest management practices (clearcut, selective thinning, and shelterwood) and four wood-use scenarios (business as usual, increased recycling rate, extended average lifespan, and a simultaneous increase in both the recycling rate and the average lifespan) over a 140-year planning horizon, to assess the overall carbon balance of HWPs. Furthermore, this study evaluates the consequences of disregarding landfill methane emissions and relying on static substitution factors, assessing their impact on the mitigation potential of various options. This investigation, covering HWPs stock, carbon (C) emissions, and the substitution effect, revealed that selective thinning emerged as the optimal forest management scenario. Additionally, the simultaneous increase in both the recycling rate and the half-life time proved to be the optimal wood-use scenario. Finally, the analysis shows that failing to account for landfill methane emissions and the use of dynamic substitution can significantly overestimate the mitigation potential of various forest management and wood-use options, which underscores the critical importance of a comprehensive accounting in climate mitigation strategies involving HWPs. Conclusion Our study highlights the critical role of harvested wood products (HWPs) in climate change mitigation, as endorsed by multiple Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement. Utilizing the 'TimberTracer' framework coupled with the 3D-CMCC-FEM forest growth model, we identified selective thinning as the optimal forest management practice. Additionally, enhancing recycling rates and extending product lifespans effectively bolstered the carbon balance. Moreover, this study emphasizes the necessity of accounting for landfill methane emissions and dynamic product substitution, as failing to do so may significantly overestimate the mitigation potential of implemented projects. These findings offer actionable insights to optimize forest management strategies and advance climate change mitigation efforts.