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549 results for “species extinction”
Productivity, niche availability, species richness and extinction risk: Untangling relationships using individual-based simulations
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Data from: Incorporating explicit geospatial data shows more species at risk of extinction than the current Red List
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Data for: Reliable biogeography requires fossils: Insights from a new species-level phylogeny of extinct and living carnivores
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Codes for simulation and data for: The relationship between local and regional extinction rates depends on species distribution patterns
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A global map of species at risk of extinction due to natural hazards
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Data from: Extinction risk in extant marine species integrating paleontological and biodistributional data
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Data from: Background extinction due to species specialization? Insights from a high-resolution Jurassic ammonoid case study (Dactylioceratidae)
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The counteracting effects of human-driven speciation and extinction on mammal species richness and phylogenetic diversity
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FIGURE 6. Scale-shaped sclerites under polarized light showing concentric extinction patterns. A in A review of the genus Trichogorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia), including descriptions of new species
FIGURE 6. Scale-shaped sclerites under polarized light showing concentric extinction patterns. A: Stephanogorgia diomedea (USNM 75108); B: Trichogorgia lyra (USNM 52875); C: S. wainwrighti (USNM 1112682); D: T. muzikae sp. nov. (USNM 77155, holotype).
Figs 25–36 in Taxonomic revision of the genus Schildia Aldrich, 1923 (Diptera: Asilidae: Leptogastrinae) with the description of new extant and extinct species
Figs 25–36. Male terminalia with gonostyli (dark grey) and lateral processes of gonostyli (light grey) shaded in lateral views, abdominal T8, and wings of Schildia species. (25–27) Male terminalia of S. malaya sp.n.: 25, lateral; 26, dorsal; 27, ventral. (28–30) Male terminalia of S. microthorax. 28, lateral; 29, dorsal; 30, ventral. (31–33) Male terminalia and T8 of S. fragilis: 31, lateral; 32, dorsal; 33, ventral; 34, T8 dorsal. (35–36) Wings: 35, S. malaya sp.n.; 36, S. microthorax. Scale bars = 1 mm.
Figs 5–8 in Taxonomic revision of the genus Schildia Aldrich, 1923 (Diptera: Asilidae: Leptogastrinae) with the description of new extant and extinct species
Figs 5–8. SEM micrographs of head and metathoracic tarsus of Schildia microthorax (EMF, Costa Rica). (5) Head, anterior view; (6) head, dorsal view; (7) tarsus, lateral view; (8) detail of claws, lateral view. Scale bars = 100 µm.
Figs 2–4 in Taxonomic revision of the genus Schildia Aldrich, 1923 (Diptera: Asilidae: Leptogastrinae) with the description of new extant and extinct species
Figs 2–4. SEM micrographs of wing of Schildia microthorax (EMF, Costa Rica) with veins labeled. (2) Distal tip of wing; (3) detail of trichoid spicules; (4) posterior margin of wing. Scale bars = 50 µm.
Fig. 1 in Taxonomic revision of the genus Schildia Aldrich, 1923 (Diptera: Asilidae: Leptogastrinae) with the description of new extant and extinct species
Fig. 1. Map of the world with extant and extinct distribution of Schildia indicated with solid circles. Note the restricted Old World distribution in Madagascar and Malaysia.
Functional traits of avian frugivores have shifted following species extinction and introduction in the Hawaiian Islands
<p>The extinction and introduction of species can alter ecological processes owing to the loss or gain of species roles. In vertebrate-dependent seed dispersal, mutualisms between frugivores and fruiting plants depend, in part, on matching of functional traits. High species turnover of frugivores has occurred on the Hawaiian Islands, owing to both the loss of native frugivores and the introduction of a new suite of frugivores. How this turnover has altered the functional traits of frugivores and the potential impacts on seed dispersal remain unclear.</p> <p>We investigated how avian frugivore traits differed between historic and modern assemblages of the Hawaiian Islands. We also tested how traits shifted within foraging guilds (ground versus arboreal) to distinguish potential impacts on plants within low versus high forest strata.</p> <p>Compared to historic frugivores, the modern assemblage is smaller in gape width and body mass in both ground and arboreal guilds. Wing shape did not significantly change between assemblages. From results, we postulate that changes in the frugivore community have likely altered seed dispersal processes by reducing (1) the size of seeds consumed, (2) frugivory rates per animal, and (3) seed dispersal distances.</p> <p>Owing to seed size placing strong constraints on consumption, we reviewed recent studies on frugivory by modern birds in the Hawaiian Islands and compared the size of seeds consumed versus seeds available. We found that larger-seeded plants (>8.1mm seed width) were not consumed by modern birds and were more likely to be of conservation risk compared to smaller-seeded plants. Consequently, dispersal limitation may threaten Hawaiian plant communities, with larger-seeded plants at greatest risk of extinction.</p> <p>Broadly, we show that extensive turnover within assemblages may lead to significant changes in functional traits, with potential knock-on effects for mutualistic interactions and communities.</p>
FIGURE 3 in A new and likely extinct species of Antilissus Sharp, 1879 (Coleoptera: Zopheridae Colydiinae) from Makauwahi Cave, Kauai, Hawaiian Islands
FIGURE 3. Head of non-type specimen of Antilissus makauwahi sp. nov. from BAC-NW 2009 GG74 'Sump' 4.0–4.5 metres. Scale bar = 0.25 mm.
FIGURE 2 in A new and likely extinct species of Antilissus Sharp, 1879 (Coleoptera: Zopheridae Colydiinae) from Makauwahi Cave, Kauai, Hawaiian Islands
FIGURE 2. Type series prothoraces of Antilissus makauwahi from Makauwahi Cave. All paratypes other than the holotype. A-D, F. BAW-NW Pit, 2009 square GG74, 'Sump' 4.0–4.5 metres depth. E. Holotype of A. makauwahi. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 1 in A new and likely extinct species of Antilissus Sharp, 1879 (Coleoptera: Zopheridae Colydiinae) from Makauwahi Cave, Kauai, Hawaiian Islands
FIGURE 1. Holotype Antilissus makauwahi articulated prothorax and head, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) - (Hawaiian Islands, Kauai, Makauwahi Cave, BAW-NW Pit, Bucket auger sample, 3.3–3.6 metres depth). Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 4 in A new and likely extinct species of Antilissus Sharp, 1879 (Coleoptera: Zopheridae Colydiinae) from Makauwahi Cave, Kauai, Hawaiian Islands
FIGURE 4. Antilissus aper, Sharp, 1879: A. Historical specimen of A. aper from Oahu (Labels: Kaumuahona, 6.17.17, Oahu; J.C. Bridwell, collector; Bobea; Antilissus aper, Sharp, 1879 det.?; BPBM ENT, 2004012430); B. Subfossil specimen of A. aper from Makauwahi Cave sequence (Sample: BAC-NW 2009 PHD).
Data from: Species characteristics affect local extinctions
Premise of the study. Human activities threaten thousands of species with extinction. However, it remains difficult to predict extinction risk for many vulnerable species. Species characteristics help predict responses to anthropogenic environmental change and may help predict likelihood of extinction. Phylogenetic signatures of extinction can also provide insights into patterns of species loss. Historical data on species losses can allow for testing phylogenetic patterns in extinctions and identifying traits that influence species vulnerability to local extinction both within particularly threatened habitat types and across habitats. Methods. We use historical botanical data from Kalamazoo County, Michigan, USA, to examine whether species characteristics (community association, native status, growth form, life history, range edge, habitat specialization, N-fixation, photosynthetic pathway, and rarity) or phylogenetic relatedness explain local species loss at the county level. Key results. Across Kalamazoo County, prairie species, species at the edge of their native range, regionally rare species, and habitat specialists were most likely to become locally extinct. Prairie species experienced the highest local extinction rates of any habitat type, and among prairie species, regionally rare and specialist species were most vulnerable to loss. We found no phylogenetic pattern in plant extinctions. Conclusions. Rare, habitat specialist species occupying particularly threatened habitats are most at risk of local extinction. Given that neither phylogenetic patterns nor other characteristics that commonly predict responses to global change predicted extinction in our dataset, identifying mechanisms to conserve rare or declining species and preventing further habitat destruction may be the most effective strategies for reducing future extinction. If you would like your personal information to be removed from the database, please contact the publication office.
Data from: Are cranial biomechanical simulation data linked to known diets in extant taxa? A method for applying diet-biomechanics linkage models to infer feeding capability of extinct species
Performance of the masticatory system directly influences feeding and survival, so adaptive hypotheses often are proposed to explain craniodental evolution via functional morphology changes. However, the prevalence of "many-to-one" association of cranial forms and functions in vertebrates suggests a complex interplay of ecological and evolutionary histories, resulting in redundant morphology-diet linkages. Here we examine the link between cranial biomechanical properties for taxa with different dietary preferences in crown clade Carnivora, the most diverse clade of carnivorous mammals. We test whether hypercarnivores and generalists can be distinguished based on cranial mechanical simulation models, and how such diet-biomechanics linkages relate to morphology. Comparative finite element and geometric morphometrics analyses document that predicted bite force is positively allometric relative to skull strain energy; this is achieved in part by increased stiffness in larger skull models and shape changes that resist deformation and displacement. Size-standardized strain energy levels do not reflect feeding preferences; instead, caniform models have higher strain energy than feliform models. This caniform-feliform split is reinforced by a sensitivity analysis using published models for six additional taxa. Nevertheless, combined bite force-strain energy curves distinguish hypercarnivorous versus generalist feeders. These findings indicate that the link between cranial biomechanical properties and carnivoran feeding preference can be clearly defined and characterized, despite phylogenetic and allometric effects. Application of this diet-biomechanics linkage model to an analysis of an extinct stem carnivoramorphan and an outgroup creodont species provides biomechanical evidence for the evolution of taxa into distinct hypercarnivorous and generalist feeding styles prior to the appearance of crown carnivoran clades with similar feeding preferences.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.