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FIGURE 4 in Taxonomic changes resulting from a review of the types of Australian Anoplognathini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) housed in Swedish natural history collections

FIGURE 4. Male paralectotypes (A–F), and female lectotype (G) of Rutela latreillei Schönherr & Gyllenhal, 1817. A, F–G, Dorsal habitus; B, ventral habitus; C, frontal view; D, aedeagus, frontal view; E, aedeagus, lateral view.

FIGURE 3 in Taxonomic changes resulting from a review of the types of Australian Anoplognathini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) housed in Swedish natural history collections

FIGURE 3. Lectotype females of Rutela olivieri Schönherr & Dalman, 1817 (A–D), Rutela lacunosa Thunberg, 1822 (E–H), and Rutela porosus Dalman, 1817 (I–L). A, E, I, Dorsal habitus; B, F, J, ventral habitus; C, G, K, lateral habitus; D, H, L, frontal view.

FIGURE 1 in Taxonomic changes resulting from a review of the types of Australian Anoplognathini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) housed in Swedish natural history collections

FIGURE 1. Lectotype females of Anoplognathus brunnipennis (Gyllenhal, 1817) (A–D) and Rutela chloropyga Thunberg, 1822 (E–H). A, E, Dorsal habitus; B, F, ventral habitus; C, G, lateral habitus; D, H, frontal view.

FIGURE 2 in Taxonomic changes resulting from a review of the types of Australian Anoplognathini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) housed in Swedish natural history collections

FIGURE 2. Lectotype male (A–D) and paralectotype females (E–P) of Anoplognathus flavipennis Boisduval, 1835 [photographs courtesy of MNHN]. A, E, I, M, Dorsal habitus; B, F, J, N, ventral habitus; C, G, K, O, caudal view; D, H, L, P, labels.

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

dryad32/100

Data from: The effect of taxonomic corrections on Phanerozoic generic richness trends in marine bivalves with a discussion on the clade's overall history

This study uses a comprehensive, revised, and updated global bivalve dataset combining information from two major databases available to study temporal trends in Phanerozoic bivalve richness: the Sepkoski Compendium and the Paleobiology Database. This compilation results in greater taxonomic and stratigraphic coverage than possible with either of the two databases alone. However, there are challenges in directly comparing these two sources due to differences in their taxonomic designations and stratigraphic range information. Moreover, both of these datasets are fraught with a number of taxonomic errors, which can significantly bias the overall richness estimate. Additionally, a substantial number of taxonomic corrections were made before a new Phanerozoic bivalve richness curve was produced. The new generic taxonomic curve is comparable with the trajectory of the Sepkoski's modern fauna and shows rapid and substantial diversification through the Ordovician, followed by a Paleozoic plateau, a Mesozoic high, and Cenozoic diversification after a small reduction in richness associated with the K/Pg extinction. The steep Cenozoic rise documented in the raw richness curve derived from the new dataset is likely real, and reflects the overall robustness and completeness of the bivalve fossil record.

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Data from: Multiple loci and complete taxonomic sampling resolve the phylogeny and biogeographic history of tenrecs (Mammalia: Tenrecidae) and reveal higher speciation rates in Madagascar's humid forests

The family Tenrecidae (tenrecs) is one of only four extant terrestrial mammal lineages to have colonized and diversified on Madagascar. Over the past 15 years, several studies have disagreed on relationships among major tenrec lineages, resulting in multiple reinterpretations of the number and timing of historical transoceanic dispersal events between Africa and Madagascar. We reconstructed the phylogeny of Tenrecidae using multiple loci from all recognized extant species and estimated divergence timing using six fossil calibrations within Afrotheria. All phylogenetic analyses strongly support monophyly of the Malagasy tenrecs, and our divergence timing analysis places their colonization of the island at 30-56 Ma. Our comprehensive phylogeny supports three important taxonomic revisions that reflect the evolutionary history of tenrecs: (1) we formally elevate the African otter shrews to their own family Potamogalidae, thereby rendering extant Tenrecidae entirely endemic to Madagascar, (2) we subsume the semiaquatic genus Limnogale within the shrew-tenrec genus Microgale, and (3) we re-elevate the two largest-bodied shrew tenrecs, Microgale dobsoni and M. talazaci, to the genus Nesogale Thomas 1918. Finally, we use recently summarized habitat data to test the hypothesis that diversification rates differ between humid and arid habitats on Madagascar, and we compare three common methods for ancestral biogeographic reconstruction. These analyses suggest higher speciation rates in humid habitats and reveal a minimum of three and more likely five independent transitions to arid habitats. Our results resolve the relationships among previously recalcitrant taxa, illuminate the timing and mechanisms of major biogeographic patterns in an extraordinary example of an island radiation, and permit the first comprehensive, phylogenetically consistent taxonomy of Madagascar's tenrecs.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

FIGURES 25–28. Figures 25–27 in Taxonomic revision of the type specimens of Ethiopian Nippostrongylinae (Nematoda) deposited at the Natural History Museum of London

FIGURES 25–28. Figures 25–27. Neoheligmonella sp. 3. 25, male, anterior extremity, left lateral view. 26, caudal bursa, A, right lobe, right laterodorsal view, B, left lobe, ventral view, through right lobe. Figure 28. Neoheligmonella sp. 4. Male, caudal bursa, right laterodorsal view.

FIGURES 10–14. Figures 10–13. Heligmonina cricetomyos Baylis, 1928. 10, 11, lectotype male. 10 in Taxonomic revision of the type specimens of Ethiopian Nippostrongylinae (Nematoda) deposited at the Natural History Museum of London

FIGURES 10–14. Figures 10–13. Heligmonina cricetomyos Baylis, 1928. 10, 11, lectotype male. 10, anterior extremity, left lateral view. 11, caudal bursa, dorsal view. 12, female, posterior extremity, ventral view. 13, male, spicules and gubernaculum in situ, ventral view. Figure 14. Heligmonina sp. 1, female, posterior extremity (orientation unclear). Figures 10, 11, slide 131 from Cricetomys emini n° 14. Figure 12, slide 136 from C. emini n° 197. Figure 13, slide 140 from C. emini n° 359. Figure 14, slide 134 from C. emini n° 363. Arrows indicate the position of right ray 3 and left ray 2, not visible on the preparation.

FIGURES 20–24. Figures 20–21 in Taxonomic revision of the type specimens of Ethiopian Nippostrongylinae (Nematoda) deposited at the Natural History Museum of London

FIGURES 20–24. Figures 20–21. Neoheligmonella gracilis (Baylis, 1928). 20, lectotype male, anterior extremity, orientation uncertain. 21, paralectotype female, posterior extremity, left lateral view. Figures 22–24. Neoheligmonella impudica (Baylis, 1928). 22, male, silhouette of closed caudal bursa, disappearance of cuticular ridges. 23, paralectotype female, posterior extremity, right lateral view. 24, male, one spicule and gubernaculum in situ, ventral view. Figure 20, slide 105, Figure 21, slide 104 from Mus (Nannomys) musculoides nº 411. Figure 22, slide 78 from Gerbilliscus (Taterona) kempi n° 455. Figure 23, slide 77 from G. (T.) kempi n° 404. Figure 24, slide 98 from Arvicanthis mordax nº 505.

FIGURES 1, 2. Figure 1. Heligmonina praomyos Baylis, 1928 in Taxonomic revision of the type specimens of Ethiopian Nippostrongylinae (Nematoda) deposited at the Natural History Museum of London

FIGURES 1, 2. Figure 1. Heligmonina praomyos Baylis, 1928, spicules in situ, right lateral view. Figure 2. Neoheligmonella moennigi (Baylis, 1928), spicules in situ. Figures 1, 2, slide 130 from Praomys tullbergi n° 175.

FIGURES 15–19. Figures 15, 16 in Taxonomic revision of the type specimens of Ethiopian Nippostrongylinae (Nematoda) deposited at the Natural History Museum of London

FIGURES 15–19. Figures 15, 16. Heligmonina intermedia (Baylis, 1928). 15, lectotype male, caudal bursa, right laterodorsal view. 16, paralectotype female, posterior extremity, left lateral view. Figures 17–19. Heligmonina sp. 2. 17, male, silhouette of posterior part of body showing the left ala, ventral then dorsal views. 18, anterior extremity, right lateral view. 19, one spicule in situ, dorsal view.

FIGURES 29–35. Figures 29–32 in Taxonomic revision of the type specimens of Ethiopian Nippostrongylinae (Nematoda) deposited at the Natural History Museum of London

FIGURES 29–35. Figures 29–32. Neoheligmonella moennigi (Baylis, 1928). 29, male, anterior extremity, ventral view. 30, 31, male, 30, caudal bursa, dorsolateral right view. 31, one spicule and gubernaculum in situ, right lateral view. 32, paralectotype female, posterior extremity, left lateral view. Figures 33–34. Neoheligmonella affinis (Baylis, 1928). 33, paralectotype female, posterior extremity, left lateral view. 34, lectotype male, spicules and gubernaculum in situ, ventral view. Figure 35. Heligmonoides murina Baylis, 1928. Female, posterior extremity, showing the disappearance of cuticular ridges, left lateral view.

FIGURES 3–9. Figures 3–6. Heligmonina oenomyos Baylis, 1928. 3, 4, paralectotype female. 3 in Taxonomic revision of the type specimens of Ethiopian Nippostrongylinae (Nematoda) deposited at the Natural History Museum of London

FIGURES 3–9. Figures 3–6. Heligmonina oenomyos Baylis, 1928. 3, 4, paralectotype female. 3, anterior extremity, right lateral view. 4, posterior extremity, right lateral view. 5, lectotype male, posterior extremity, ventral view. 6, female, transverse section at mid-body. Figures 7–9. Neoheligmonella sp. 2. 7, female, posterior extremity, dorsal view. 8, male, posterior extremity, left lateral view. 9, female, anterior extremity, right lateral view.

FIGURE 20 in Taxonomic redefinition and natural history of the endemic silphid beetle Silpha longicornis (Coleoptera: Silphidae) of Japan, with an analysis of its geographic variation

FIGURE 20. Relationship between AMT and PC1. Females are indicated by open circles and the dashed line, and males are indicated by solid circles and the solid line.

FIGURE 19 in Taxonomic redefinition and natural history of the endemic silphid beetle Silpha longicornis (Coleoptera: Silphidae) of Japan, with an analysis of its geographic variation

FIGURE 19. Vertical distribution of Silpha longicornis Portevin based on the examined specimens (Appendix 1) and climatic vegetation zones. Solid line shows the maximum altitude along the transect. a—forest limit; b—border between evergreen coniferous and deciduous broad-leaved forests; c—hypothetical forest limit during the Last Glacial Maximum; d—hypothetical border between coniferous and broad-leaved forest during the Last Glacial Maximum. Modified from Nogami (2001: Fig. 4.2.1).

FIGURE 18 in Taxonomic redefinition and natural history of the endemic silphid beetle Silpha longicornis (Coleoptera: Silphidae) of Japan, with an analysis of its geographic variation

FIGURE 18. Geographic distribution of S. longicornis Portevin based on the examined specimens (Appendix 1) and mountain ranges. Contour interval 1,000 feet. 1—Ôu Mountains; 2—Shirakami Mountains; 3—Kitakami Hills; 4— Dewa Mountains; 5—Echigo Mountains; 6—Ôsado Mountains; 7—Chikuma Mountains; 8—Kantô Mountains; 9— Misaka Mountains; 10—Tanzawa Mountains; 11—Fuji Volcanoes; 12—Hida Mountains; 13—Kiso Mountains; 14— Akaishi Mountains; 15—Hida Hills; 16—Ryohaku Mountains; 17—Kii Mountains. Fossil sites (▲) are also shown.

FIGURE 17 in Taxonomic redefinition and natural history of the endemic silphid beetle Silpha longicornis (Coleoptera: Silphidae) of Japan, with an analysis of its geographic variation

FIGURE 17. SAMOVA grouping of population of Silpha longicornis Portevin (1–21) and S. imitator Shibata (22–23). Numbers are the sampling site numbers as described in Ikeda et al. (2009). Six symbols (●Ο□․♢♦) indicate the groups discriminated by SAMOVA.

FIGURES 1–16 in Taxonomic redefinition and natural history of the endemic silphid beetle Silpha longicornis (Coleoptera: Silphidae) of Japan, with an analysis of its geographic variation

FIGURES 1–16. Habitus of type specimens and labels (1–7): 1—Silpha longicornis Portevin, lectotype, Ψ, dorsal view; 2—same, labels; 3—Silpha yamatona Kôno, holotype, ♂, dorsal view (photo by S. Shimano); 4—same, labels (photo by S. Shimano); 5—Silpha imitator Shibata, holotype, ♂, dorsal view; 6—same, labels; 7—same, aedeagus in ventral view. Details of Silpha longicornis Portevin, showing variation of elytron color (8–9), and sculpture (10–13): 8—black specimen from Mt. Kurikoma, Iwate Pref.; 9—reddish-brown specimen from Mt. Kasa-ga-take, Nagano Pref. (with aberration of elytral costae); 10—rugose intervals; 11—flat intervals; 12—punctate microsculpture; 13—smooth microsculpture. Apex of male metatibia, showing terminal projection (14). Prothorax of larvae of Silpha perforata Gebler (15, from Moheji near Hakodate, S.W. Hokkaido) and Silpha longicornis Portevin (16, from Jikkoku-tôge, Nagano Pref.).

opennotspecifiedDec 2012View details →

FIGURES 24–28 in A review of the taxonomic history and biodiversity of the genus Urodeta (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae: Elachistinae), with description of new species

FIGURES 24–28. Urodeta trilobata, sp. nov., female genitalia. Paratype. Gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00666, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000006122. 24, female genitalia. Scale bar 0.2 mm; 25, signum. Scale bar 0.1 mm; 26, spines of corpus bursae; 27, ostium region. Scale bar 0.1 mm; 28, papillae anales. Scale bar 0.1 mm.