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Cascade Project at North Temperate Lakes LTER: Aquatic heatwave effects on chlorophyll 2008-2019
Temperature and chlorophyll data were collated from multiple datasets to identify the effects of aquatic heatwaves on phytoplankton in three north temperate lakes, Peter Lake, Paul Lake, and Tuesday Lake between 2008 and 2019. Heatwaves were identified using a water temperature model constructed from temperature data from Sparkling Lake and Woodruff Airport between 1989 and 2022. Heatwave characteristics, water color, nutrients, grazing, and lake stability data are included to relate chlorophyll response to heatwaves to other conditions associated with a set of whole-lake experiments. The food web of Peter Lake was manipulated with largemouth bass additions between 2008 and 2011. Nutrient additions were made to Peter Lake and Tuesday Lake between 2013 and 2015, and again in Peter Lake in 2019. Paul Lake was always maintained as an unmanipulated reference lake. Full descriptions of the experiments can be found in Szydlowski et al., "Aquatic heatwaves increase surface chlorophyll concentrations in experimental and reference lakes."
Biocomplexity at North Temperate Lakes LTER; Coordinated Field Studies: Secchi Disk Depth 2001 - 2004
Chemical Limnology data collected for Biocomplexity Project; Landscape Context - Coordinated Field Studies Replicate chemical samples were pumped from the surface water (0.5m depth) and secchi depth was recorded at each lake. Temperature/dissolved oxygen profiles were taken throughout the water column at one meter intervals on all lakes. For more detail see the Water Sampling Protocol. Sampling Frequency: During 2001, temperature/dissolved oxygen profiles and secchi depths were taken twice during the stratified summer period. Chemistry samples were only taken once during the 2001 stratified period. From 2002 through 2004, all chemical and physical water samples were taken once during June (or resampled during the stratified period if June samples were bad). All lakes in which color, DIC/DOC, and chlorophyll samples were taken in 2001 were resampled in 2002 due to error in collection and/or analysis. Number of sites: 62 Vilas County lakes were sampled from 2001-2004 (approximately 15 different lakes each year).
North Temperate Lakes LTER: Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Lake Mendota 2000 - 2001
Parameters characterizing the alkaline phosphatase activity of Lake Mendota. Samples were collected at one station in the deepest part of each lake from an integrated sample of the epilimnion. Sampling Frequency: fortnightly during ice-free season - every 6 weeks during ice-covered season Number of sites: 1
North Temperate Lakes LTER: Summary of Microbial Activity 2000 - 2002
Summary of Microbial Observatory data from the bacterial production, planktonic respiration and alakline phosphatase activity databases, plus bacterial cell counts from epifluorescence microscopy using DAPI cell stain. Information on integrated sample depth and incubation temperature is also included Sampling Frequency: fortnightly during ice-free season - every 6 weeks during ice-covered season Number of sites: 4
Microbial Bacterial Production in Lakes at North Temperate Lakes LTER 2000 - 2002
Net production of bacteria passing a 70 micron mesh, or bacteria passing a 1 micron mesh, calculated incorporation of 3H labeled leucine into cell proteins. Method based on microcentrifuge method of Smith, David C., and Farooq Azam. 1992. A simple, economical method for measuring bacterial protein synthesis rates in seawater using 3H-leucine, Marine Microbial Food Webs 6(2):107-114. Nanomolar treatments refer to leucine concentration for calculation of isotopic dilution and necessary leucine concentration to saturate uptake into bacterial cells. For a good example on how to calculate isotopic dilution see Pace. Michael L., and Jonathan J. Cole. Primary and bacterial production in lakes: are they coupled over depth? Plankton Research 16(6):661-672. Sampling Frequency: fortnightly during ice-free season - every 6 weeks during ice-covered season Number of sites: 4
Microbial Bacterial Respiration in Lakes at North Temperate Lakes LTER 2000 - 2002
Lake Mendota, Madison, Wisconsin. Bacterial respiration of bacteria passing a 70 micron mesh. Based on bacterial growth efficiency determined empirically on bacteria production and oxygen depletion on microbes passing a 1 micron mesh. All samples from integrated sample of epilimnion to thermocline or 12 meters, which ever was more shallow. Method based on Roland, F. and J. J. Cole. 1999. Regulation of bacterial growth efficiency in a large turbid estuary. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 20:31-38 Sampling Frequency: fortnightly during ice-free season - every 6 weeks during ice-covered season Number of sites: 1
North Temperate Lakes LTER: Phytoplankton and Protoplankton 2000
Phytoplankton and Protoplankton collected in North Temparate Lakes Sampling Frequency: monthly Number of sites: 1. Graham JM, Kent AD, Lauster GH, Yannarell AC, Graham LE, Triplett EW. 2004. Seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton and planktonic protozoan communities in a north temperate humic lake: diversity in a dinoflagellate dominated system. Microbial Ecology. 48:528-540.
Microbial Planktonic Respiration in Lakes at North Temperate Lakes LTER 2001
Respiration of total plankton passing a 70 micron mesh, and bacteria passing a 1 micron mesh, calculated from loss of oxygen in lake water incubated at in situ temperatures. Oxygen concentration was determined using the Winkler reaction with azide modification. Final product concentration determined via spectrometry or titration with sodium thiosulfate. Titrations that may have overrun the endpoint were not included. The following equation for calculation of dissolved oxygen concentration from titration of Winkler end product with thiosulfate (from Wetzel, R. G. and G. E. Likens. 1991. Limnological Analyses, 2nd ed. Springer-Verlag, New York). Thiosulfate with a molarity of 0.20 N was used for all titrations. mg O2 L-1 = (ml titrant)*(molarity of thiosulfate)*(8000)/((ml of sample titrated)*((ml of bottle -3)/(ml of bottle))). The following equation is for calculation of dissolved oxygen calculation from spectophotometric analysis of Winkler reaction end product (from Roland, F., N. F. Caraco, J. J. Cole. 1999. Rapid and precise determination of dissolved organic oxygen by spectrophotometry: Evaluation of interference from color and turbidity. Limnol. Oceanogr. 44(4):1148-1154). mg O2 L-1 = absorbance at 430 nm (in units of cm-1) * 8.1-0.41 Sampling Frequency: fortnightly during ice-free season - every 6 weeks during ice-covered season Number of sites: 4
Cascade Project at North Temperate Lakes LTER: Physical and Chemical Limnology 1984 - 2007
Physical and chemical variables are measured at one central station near the deepest point of each lake. In most cases these measurements are made in the morning (0800 to 0900). Vertical profiles are taken at varied depth intervals. Chemical measurements are sometimes made in a pooled mixed layer sample (PML); sometimes in the epilimnion, metalimnion, and hypolimnion; and sometimes in vertical profiles. In the latter case, depths for sampling usually correspond to the surface plus depths of 50percent, 25percent, 10percent, 5percent and 1percent of surface irradiance. The 1991-1995 chemistry data obtained from the Lachat auto-analyzer. Like the process data, there are up to seven samples per sampling date due to Van Dorn collections across a depth interval according to percent irradiance. Voichick and LeBouton (1994) describe the autoanalyzer procedures in detail. Methods for 1984-1990 were described by Carpenter and Kitchell (1993) and methods for 1991-1997 were described by Carpenter et al. (2001). Carpenter, S.R. and J.F. Kitchell (eds.). 1993. The Trophic Cascade in Lakes. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England. Carpenter, S.R., J.J. Cole, J.R. Hodgson, J.F. Kitchell, M.L. Pace,D. Bade, K.L. Cottingham, T.E. Essington, J.N. Houser and D.E. Schindler. 2001. Trophic cascades, nutrients and lake productivity: whole-lake experiments. Ecological Monographs 71: 163-186. Number of sites: 8
Cascade Project at North Temperate Lakes LTER: Process Data 1984 - 2007
Data on chlorophyll, primary productivity, and alkaline phosphatase activity from 1984-95. Samples were collected with a Van Dorn bottle at 6 depths determined from the percent of surface irradiance (100%, 50%, 25%, 10%, 5% and 1%) and in the hypolimnion (12 m in Peter, East Long, West Long, and Tuesday lakes; 9 m in Paul Lake; and 4.5 m in Central Long Lake). Sampling Frequency: varies Number of sites: 8
North Temperate Lakes LTER: High Frequency Water Temperature - Sparkling Lake Buoy2 2004
The second instrumented buoy on Sparkling Lake is equipped with a thermistor chain that measures water temperature from 20 depths ranging from the surface to 7.75m placed at intervals of 1m from the surface to 4m depth and at intervals of 0.25m from 4m to 7.75m. Water temperature data were collected for the period 10 July 2004 through 3 November 2004. Sampling Frequency: 2 minutes Number of sites: 1
Microbial Community Composition in Lakes - Taxonomic/Ecological characteristics of the sample at North Temperate Lakes LTER 2000 - 2007
Microbial community composition is inferred by a combination of automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) and PCR-generated clone library analysis. Clone libraries include both the 16S rRNA gene and the 16S-23S ribosomal intergenic spacer fragment. Phylogenetic assignments for individual ARISA fragments are obtained by comparing the ARISA fragment length from each clone to all of the profiles stored in our database. We have analyzed over 3900 clones obtained from 41 lakes that represent the range of trophic types found in temperate landscapes. Querying by a combination of taxonomic and ecological characteristics of the sample allows the user to retrieve sample information [sample IDs, sample dates, lake information (region, type, size, depth) and physical/chemical data (water temperature, clarity, pH, DOC, SUVA, TN, TP, nitrates/nitrites)] and clone information [clone IDs, sequence data, and characteristics of the sequence (length, chimera status, accession number, taxonomic affiliation)]. The data can be filtered by ecological characteristics of the sample [lake name, sample date, lake information (region, type, size, depth)] and taxonomic characteristics of the community members [clone ID, ARISA fragment length (raw or binned), and/or taxonomic characteristics (Phylum and Phylum-Class)]. The output can include links to individual sample records, which contain links to the taxonomic composition of the sample inferred by dynamically matching clones to ARISA fragments in the individual sample. The output can also include links to clone records directly (though this creates a very large number of lines in the output and is not recommended). Project ID's 30 Lakes - Survey of 30 lakes in northern and southern Wisconsin. June, August and October, 2002. See http://microbes.limnology.wisc.edu/lakes30.html. Lake Characteristics. CB0000 - Time series monitoring microbial community composition in Crystal Bog. 2000-2002. CBX_02 - Food web manipulation experiment i
Cascade Project at North Temperate Lakes LTER: Nutrients 1991 - 2007
Physical and chemical variables are measured at one central station near the deepest point of each lake. In most cases these measurements are made in the morning (0800 to 0900). Vertical profiles are taken at varied depth intervals. Chemical measurements are sometimes made in a pooled mixed layer sample (PML); sometimes in the epilimnion, metalimnion, and hypolimnion; and sometimes in vertical profiles. In the latter case, depths for sampling usually correspond to the surface plus depths of 50percent, 25percent, 10percent, 5percent and 1percent of surface irradiance. The 1991-1999 chemistry data obtained from the Lachat auto-analyzer. Like the process data, there are up to seven samples per sampling date due to Van Dorn collections across a depth interval according to percent irradiance. Voichick and LeBouton (1994) describe the autoanalyzer procedures in detail. Nutrient samples were sent to the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies for analysis beginning in 2000. The Kjeldahl method for measuring nitrogen is not used at IES, and so measurements reported from 2000 onwards are Total Nitrogen.
Cascade Project at North Temperate Lakes LTER: Zooplankton 1984 - 2007
Zooplankton data from 1984-1995. Sampled approximately weekly with two net hauls through the water column (30 cm diameter net, 80 um mesh). There have been 5 zooplankton counters during this period, so species-level identifications (TAX, below) are not as consistent as those for some of the other datasets. To standardize across counters, I have assigned higher-level taxonomic categories for a few "confusing" taxa; these identifications can be found in the column LLTAX, below. Sampling Frequency: varies Number of sites: 5
Cascade Project at North Temperate Lakes LTER: Phytoplankton 1984 - 1995
Data on epilimnetic phytoplankton from 1984-95, determined by light microscopy from pooled Van Dorn samples at 100percent, 50percent, and 25percent of surface irradiance. There have been 4 counters during this period, with the same counter from 1991-95. Standardization among counters is difficult, so I recommend sticking to the 1991-95 data if possible. Cottingham (1996) describes the counting protocols in detail. Sampling Frequency: varies Number of sites: 5
Microbial Community Composition in lakes - Ecological characteristics of the sample at North Temperate Lakes LTER 2002 - 2007
Microbial community composition is inferred by a combination of automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) and PCR-generated clone library analysis. Clone libraries include both the 16S rRNA gene and the 16S-23S ribosomal intergenic spacer fragment. Phylogenetic assignments for individual ARISA fragments are obtained by comparing the ARISA fragment length from each clone to all of the profiles stored in our database. We have analyzed over 3900 clones obtained from 41 lakes that represent the range of trophic types found in temperate landscapes. Querying by ecological characteristics of the sample allows the user to retrieve sample IDs, sample dates, lake information (region, type, size, depth) and physical/chemical data (water temperature, clarity, pH, DOC, SUVA, TN, TP, nitrates/nitrites). The data can be filtered by lake name, sample date, lake information (region, type, size, depth), and physical/chemical data (water temperature, clarity, pH, DOC, SUVA, TN, TP, nitrates/nitrites). The output includes links to individual sample records, which contain links to the taxonomic composition of the sample inferred by dynamically matching clones to ARISA fragments in the individual sample
Microbial Community Composition in Lakes - Taxonomic characteristics of the clones at North Temperate Lakes LTER 2000 - 2007
Microbial community composition is inferred by a combination of automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) and PCR-generated clone library analysis. Clone libraries include both the 16S rRNA gene and the 16S-23S ribosomal intergenic spacer fragment. Phylogenetic assignments for individual ARISA fragments are obtained by comparing the ARISA fragment length from each clone to all of the profiles stored in our database. We have analyzed over 3900 clones obtained from 41 lakes that represent the range of trophic types found in temperate landscapes. Querying by taxonomic characteristics of the clone allows the user to retrieve clone IDs, sequence data, and characteristics of the sequence (length, chimera status, accession number, taxonomic affiliation). The data can be filtered by clone ID, ARISA fragment length (raw or binned), and/or taxonomic characteristics (Phylum and Phylum-Class). The output includes links to individual clone records, which contain more detailed information about how the clone was generated (researcher, library ID, project ID, primer sets used, etc.).
Biocomplexity at North Temperate Lakes LTER; Coordinated Field Studies: Fish / Crayfish Abundance 2001 - 2004
Abundance data for fish and crayfish collected for Biocomplexity Project; Landscape Context - Coordinated Field Studies http://infotrek.er.usgs.gov/doc/wdnr_biology/Public_Stocking/StateMapHotspotsAllYears.htm - Infomation on fish stocking by Wisconsin Department of Natural Resouces in Biocomplexity Lakes. Sampling Frequency: annually Number of sites: 58
North Temperate Lakes LTER: Phytoplankton - Madison Lakes Area 1995 - current
Phytoplankton samples for the 4 southern Wisconsin LTER lakes (Mendota, Monona, Wingra, Fish) have been collected for analysis by LTER since 1995 (1996 Wingra, Fish) when the southern Wisconsin lakes were added to the North Temperate Lakes LTER project. Samples are collected as a composite whole-water sample and are preserved in gluteraldehyde. Composite sample depths are 0-8 meters for Lake Mendota (to conform to samples collected and analyzed since 1990 for a UW/DNR food web research study), and 0-2 meters for the other three lakes. A tube sampler is used for the 0-8 m Lake Mendota samples; samples for the other lakes are obtained by collecting water at 1-meter intervals using a Kemmerer water sampler and compositing the samples in a bucket. Samples are taken in the deep hole region of each lake at the same time and location as other limnological sampling. Phytoplankton samples are analyzed by PhycoTech, Inc., a private lab specializing in phytoplankton analyses (see data protocol for procedures). Samples for Wingra and Fish lakes are archived but not routinely counted. Permanent slide mounts (3 per sample) are prepared for all analyzed Mendota and Monona samples as well as 6 samples per year for Wingra and Fish; the slide mounts are archived at the University of Wisconsin - Madison Zoology Museum. Phytoplankton are identified to species using an inverted microscope (Utermohl technique) and are reported as natural unit (i.e., colonies, filaments, or single cells) densities per mL, cell densities per mL, and algal biovolume densities per mL. Multiple entries for the same species on the same date may be due to different variants or vegetative states - (e.g., colonial or attached vs. free cell.) Biovolumes for individual cells of each species are determined during the counting procedure by obtaining cell measurements needed to calculate volumes for geometric solids (e.g., cylinders, spheres, truncated cones) corresponding to actual cell shapes. Biovolume concentratio
North Temperate Lakes LTER: Groundwater Levels 1984 - current
Water levels in monitoring wells are measured several times throughout the year. The number of monitored wells has ranged over the study period from 19 to 44 wells. Currently, 37 wells are being monitored 4 - 5 times per year. The wells are scattered throughout the Trout Lake hydrological basin and the data are used to calibrate and test regional groundwater flow models. In addition (see related data set - Groundwater Chemistry), water chemistry is measured annually in a subset of 11 of these wells to characterize regional groundwater chemistry in the Trout Lake area. Sampling Frequency: varies - generally from 4 - 9 times a year Number of sites: 44
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