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883 results for “termite”
Data for: Drivers of wood decay in tropical ecosystems: Termites vs. microbes along spatial, temporal and experimental precipitation gradients
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The diversity of social complexity in termites
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Data for: Termite nest evolution fostered social parasitism by termitophilous rove beetles
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Food quantity and the intensity of the alarm signal combine to modulate the resource selection in a termite species
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Finding shortcuts through collective tunnel excavation in a subterranean termite
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Data from: Inter-clonal competition over queen succession imposes a cost of parthenogenesis on termite colonies
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Data for: Herbivores disrupt the flow of food resources to termites in dryland ecosystems
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Data from: Effect of food restriction on survival and reproduction of a termite
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Data from: Habitat fragmentation drives pest termite risk in humid but not arid biomes
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Historical and future climate change fosters expansion of Australian harvester termites, Drepanotermes
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An Experimental Test of Lanchester’s Models of Combat in the Neotropical Termite Nasutitermes corniger (Blattodea: Termitidae)
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Data for: Spatial variability in the contribution of termites to the decay of plant detritus
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The evolution of body size in termites
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Data from: Biogeographical variation in termite distributions alters global deadwood decay
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Small Mammal Exclosure Study (SMES) Termite Mud Casing Data from Chihuahaun Desert Grassland and Shrubland at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1996-2005)
The purpose of this study is to determine whether or not the activities of small  mammals regulate plant community structure, plant species diversity, and spatial vegetation patterns in Chihuahuan Desert shrublands and grasslands. What role if any do indigenous small mammal consumers have in maintaining desertified landscapes in the Chihuahuan Desert? Additionally, how do the effects of small mammals interact with changing climate to affect vegetation patterns over time? This is data for amounts of termite mud casing measured on each of the SMES study plots. Three-dimensional measurements were made from all termite mud casing present on each of the 36 one-meter2 quadrats twice each year when vegetation was measured.
Figure 3 in Two new species of Aleocharinae (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) found in fungus gardens of Odontotermes termites (Isoptera, Termitidae, Macrotermitinae) in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand
Figure 3. Habitus of Odontoxenus thailandicus. A dorsal view and B lateral view.
Data from: Spatial patterning of soil microbial communities created by fungus-farming termites
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Spatially overdispersed mounds of fungus-farming termites (Macrotermitinae) are hotspots of nutrient availability and primary productivity in tropical savannas, creating spatial heterogeneity in communities and ecosystem functions. These termites influence the local availability of nutrients in part by redistributing nutrients across the landscape, but the links between termite ecosystem engineering and the soil microbes that are the metabolic agents of nutrient cycling are little understood. We used DNA metabarcoding of soils from <i>Odontotermes montanus</i> mounds to examine the influence of termites on soil microbial communities in a semi-arid Kenyan savanna. We found that bacterial and fungal communities were compositionally distinct in termite-mound topsoils relative to the surrounding savanna, and that bacterial communities were more diverse on mounds. The higher microbial alpha and beta diversity associated with mounds created striking spatial patterning in microbial community composition, and boosted landscape-scale microbial richness and diversity. Selected enzyme assays revealed consistent differences in potential enzymatic activity, suggesting links between termite-induced heterogeneity in microbial community composition and the spatial distribution of ecosystem functions. We conducted a large-scale field experiment in which we attempted to simulate termites' effects on microbes by fertilizing mound-sized patches; this altered both bacterial and fungal communities, but in a different way than natural mounds. Elevated levels of inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium may help to explain the distinctive fungal communities in termite-mound soils, but cannot account for the distinctive bacterial communities associated with mounds.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Data from: How the thermal environment shapes the structure of termite mounds
<p>A computational model has been developed to predict the role of environment in the forms and functions of termite mounds. The proposed model considers the most relevant forces involved in the heat transfer process of termite mounds, while also reflects their gasexchange function. The method adopts a system configuration procedure to determine thermally optimized mound structures. The model successfully predicts the main architectural characteristics of typical Macrotermes michaelseni mounds for the environmental conditions they live in. The results indicate that the mound superstructure and internal condition strongly depend on the combined effect of environmental forces. It is noted that mounds being exposed to higher solar irradiances develop intricate lateral channels, inside, and taller and more pronounced spire tilt towards the sun, outside. It is also found that the mounds' spire tilt angle depends on the geographical location, following the local average solar zenith angle for strong irradiances. Although wind does not influence the overall over-ground mound shape, it significantly affects the mound internal condition. The results of this study resonate with what is seen in nature. The proposed approach provides a broader view of the factors that are effective in the form and function of a naturally made structure.</p>
Data from: Hybrids of two destructive subterranean termites established in the field, revealing a potential for gene flow between species
<p>Hybridization between invasive pest species may lead to significant genetic and economic impacts that require close monitoring. The two most invasive and destructive termite species worldwide, <em>Coptotermes formosanus</em> Shiraki and <em>Coptotermes gestroi</em> (Wasmann), have the potential for hybridization in the field. A three-year field survey conducted during the dispersal flight season of <em>Coptotermes</em> in Taiwan identified alates with atypical morphology, which were confirmed as hybrids of the two <em>Coptotermes</em> species using microsatellite and mitochondrial analyses. Out of 27,601 alates collected over three years, 4.4% were confirmed as hybrid alates, and some advanced hybrids (>F1 generations) were identified. The hybrid alates had a dispersal flight season that overlapped with the two parental species 13 out of 15 times. Most of the hybrid alates were females, implying that mating opportunities beyond F1 may primarily be possible through female hybrids. However, the incipient colony growth results from all potential mating combinations suggest that only backcross colonies with hybrid males could sometimes lead to brood development. The observed asymmetrical viability and fertility of hybrid alates may critically reduce the probability of advanced-hybrid colonies being established in the field.</p>
Different strategies between queens and workers against fungal pathogens in the termite Reticulitermes chinensis
<p>Social insects are prone to pathogen infection because of high exposure rates from social interactions. However, it remains unclear whether queens have enhanced pathogen resistance, since reproduction is largely confined to queens. Here, we used a natural host-pathogen system, the subterranean termite <em>Reticulitermes chinensis </em>and<em> </em>the entomopathogenic fungus <em>Metarhizium anisopliae,</em><em> </em>to investigate the differences in allo-grooming, locomotion, and immune gene expression between queens and workers against pathogen infection. We found that fungal infection significantly reduced survival in both queens and workers. Infected queens received significantly more grooming time from sanitary nestmates than infected workers, but they returned much less grooming time to sanitary nestmates than infected workers. Infection resulted in a reduction in the average locomotion speed and distance of queens but had no effect on worker locomotion. Infection resulted in upregulated expression of two immune genes (<em>termicin</em> and <em>transferrin</em>), two antioxidant genes (<em>CAT</em> and <em>SOD</em>), and phosphate genes <em>CYP450</em> in queens but not in workers. Our results indicated that eusocial termites evolved strategies that prioritize the reproductive castes welfare in defending against the pathogen infection to ensure continued reproduction and colony persistence.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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